TY - GEN A1 - Grönke, Martin A1 - Arrozi, Ubed S. F. A1 - Bronkalla, Nadine A1 - Schmidt, Peer A1 - Valldor, Martin A1 - Oswald, Steffen A1 - Woodcock, Thomas G. A1 - Eckert, Victoria A1 - Hao, Qi A1 - Plüschke, Laura A1 - Lederer, Albena A1 - Nielsch, Kornelius A1 - Büchner, Bernd A1 - Kaskel, Stefan A1 - Hampel, Silke T1 - Layered α-TiCl₃: Microsheets on YSZ Substrates for Ethylene Polymerization with Enhanced Activity T2 - Chemistry of Materials N2 - The transition metal halide α-titanium(III) chloride (α-TiCl₃) is a layered two-dimensional compound and a well-established Ziegler–Natta catalyst for the polymerization of ethylene. A new synthesis technique is used to obtain thin sheets of α-TiCl₃ that show exceptional physical properties in contrast to their bulk counterparts, due to an enlarged surface-to-volume ratio. Chemical vapor transport (CVT) of α-titanium(III) chloride directly on substrates results in microsheets that exhibit an improved catalytic effect. For rational planning of synthesis conditions, thermodynamic simulations of occurring gas-phase equilibria were performed. Based on these calculation results, crystal growth was achieved by adding GaCl₃via pure short term CVT in a temperature gradient of 700–600 K on yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates. Phase pure, as-grown, single crystal sheets with high crystallinity and a thickness of around 4 μm were obtained. These thin sheets of α-TiCl₃ on YSZ substrates were implemented as catalysts for the ethylene polymerization reaction. A significant improvement of catalytic activity of 16% was achieved, probably due to an increased surface-to-volume ratio. As a highlight, the as-grown microsheets were exfoliated subsequently to a thickness lower than 200 nm and an even higher catalytic activity of up to 24% was confirmed experimentally due to delamination effects. This is the first time that an improved catalytic effect of α-TiCl₃ is observed as a result of downscaling from bulk to microsheets by CVT. KW - Crystal growth KW - Chemical vapor transport KW - Thermodynamic modeling KW - 2D layered compounds KW - Halides KW - Nanocrystals (1) Y1 - 2019 UR - https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01818 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01818 VL - 31 IS - 14 SP - 5305 EP - 5313 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grönke, Martin A1 - Schmidt, Peer A1 - Valldor, Martin A1 - Oswald, Steffen A1 - Wolf, Daniel A1 - Lubk, Axel A1 - Büchner, Bernd A1 - Hampel, Silke T1 - Chemical vapor growth and delamination of α-RuCl3 nanosheets down to the monolayer limit T2 - Nanoscale N2 - 2D layered honeycomb magnet α-ruthenium(III) chloride (α-RuCl3) is a promising candidate to realize a Kitaev spin model. As alteration of physical properties on the nanoscale is additionally intended, new synthesis approaches to obtain phase pure α-RuCl3 nanocrystals have been audited. Thermodynamic simulations of occurring gas phase equilibria were performed and optimization of synthesis conditions was achieved based on calculation results. Crystal growth succeeded via chemical vapor transport (CVT) in a temperature gradient of 973 K to 773 K on YSZ substrates. Single crystal sheets of high crystallinity with heights ≤ 30 nm were obtained via pure CVT. The crystal properties were characterized by means of optical and electron microscopy, AFM, SAED, micro-Raman and XPS proving their composition, morphology, crystallinity and phase-purity. A highlight of our study is the successful individualization of nanocrystals and the delamination of nanosheets on YSZ substrates down to the monolayer limit (≤ 1 nm) which was realized by means of substrate exfoliation and ultrasonication in a very reproducible way. KW - Crystal growth KW - Thermodynamic modeling KW - Chemical vapor transport KW - 2D layered compounds KW - Nanocrystals Y1 - 2018 UR - https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2018/nr/c8nr04667k#!divAbstract U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NR04667K SN - 2040-3372 VL - 10 IS - 40 SP - 19014 EP - 19022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grönke, Martin A1 - Pohflepp, Danny A1 - Schmidt, Peer A1 - Valldor, Martin A1 - Oswald, Steffen A1 - Wolf, Daniel A1 - Hao, Qi A1 - Steiner, Udo A1 - Büchner, Bernd A1 - Hampel, Silke T1 - Simulation and synthesis of alpha-MoCl₃ nanosheets on substrates by short time chemical vapor transport T2 - Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects N2 - Alpha-molybdenum(III) chloride (MoCl₃) belongs to layered van-der-Waals materials, which are in focus to exhibit interesting properties due to their weak chemical and magnetic interactions. Especially the structure of alpha-MoCl₃ has been discussed in terms of symmetry breaking dimerization of Mo atoms at room temperature, which might led to exotic ground states. By exploiting the 2D materials characteristics, an investigation of physical properties on the nanoscale is intended. We herein demonstrate the probably first approach to synthesize phase pure, as-grown alpha-MoCl₃ few-layer nanosheets by means of a pure short time chemical vapor transport (CVT) process. Vapor growth benefits from a one-step deposition of high crystalline alpha-MoCl₃ nanosheets without stacking faults on a substrate. Thus, mostly applied subsequent delamination, associated with the introduction of structural defects, becomes redundant. According to the CVT process thermodynamic simulations of gas phase equilibria have been performed and the synthesis conditions could be optimized based on the calculation results. By CVT the as-grown nanolayers are deposited on sapphire (Al₂O₃) substrates by applying a temperature gradient of 70 K from 743 K to 673 K. Single crystalline sheets with thicknesses ≤75 nm down to five layer (3 nm) could be obtained by using a pure CVT process. According to the deposited nanostructures we approve the desired composition, morphology, phase purity and high crystallinity by using several microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. Furthermore, we show micro-RAMAN measurements which hint at a slight increase in phonon energies for nanosheets in comparison to the corresponding bulk phase. KW - Crystal growth KW - Chemical vapor transport KW - 2D layered compounds KW - Halides Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352507X18304888?via%3Dihub#! U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoso.2019.100324 SN - 2352-507X IS - 19 SP - 1 EP - 7 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Froeschke, Samuel A1 - Wolf, Daniel A1 - Hantusch, Martin A1 - Giebeler, Lars A1 - Wels, Martin A1 - Gräßler, Nico A1 - Büchner, Bernd A1 - Schmidt, Peer A1 - Hampel, Silke T1 - Synthesis of micro- and nanosheets of CrCl3–RuCl3 solid solution by chemical vapour transport T2 - Nanoscale N2 - Solid solutions of 2D transition metal trihalides are rapidly growing in interest for the search for new 2D materials with novel properties at nanoscale dimensions. In this regard, we present a synthesis method for the Cr1−xRuxCl3 solid solution and describe the behaviour of the unit cell parameters over the whole composition range, which in general follows Vegard's law in the range of a = 5.958(6)CrCl3 … 5.9731(5)RuCl3 Å, b = 10.3328(20)CrCl3 … 10.34606(21)RuCl3 Å, c = 6.110(5)CrCl3 … 6.0385(5)RuCl3 Å and β = 108.522(15)CrCl3 … 108.8314(14)RuCl3 °. The synthesized solid solution powder was subsequently used to deposit micro- and nanosheets directly on a substrate by applying chemical vapour transport in a temperature gradient of 575 °C → 525 °C for 2 h and 650 °C → 600 °C for 0.5 h as a bottom-up approach without the need for an external transport agent. The observed chromium chloride enrichment of the deposited crystals is predicted by thermodynamic simulation. The results allow for a nanostructure synthesis of this solid solution with a predictable composition down to about 30 nm in height and lateral size of several μm. When applying a quick consecutive delamination step, it is possible to obtain few- and monolayer structures, which could be used for further studies of downscaling effects for the CrCl3–RuCl3 solid solution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to confirm the purity and quality of the synthesized crystals. KW - Crystal growth KW - Chemical vapor transport KW - Thermal analysis KW - Thermodynamic modeling KW - 2D layered compounds Y1 - 2022 UR - https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2022/NR/D2NR01366E U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NR01366E SN - 2040-3372 VL - 29 IS - 14 SP - 10483 EP - 10492 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grönke, Martin A1 - Buschbeck, Benjamin A1 - Schmidt, Peer A1 - Valldor, Martin A1 - Oswald, Steffen A1 - Hao, Qi A1 - Lubk, Axel A1 - Wolf, Daniel A1 - Steiner, Udo A1 - Büchner, Bernd A1 - Hampel, Silke T1 - Chromium Trihalides CrX₃(X = Cl, Br, I): Direct Deposition of Micro‐ and Nanosheets on Substrates by Chemical Vapor Transport T2 - Advanced Materials Interfaces N2 - The experimental observation of intrinsic ferromagnetism in single layered chromium trihalides CrX₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) has gained outstanding attention recently due to their possible implementation in spintronic devices. However, the reproducible preparation of highly crystalline chromium(III) halide nanolayers without stacking faults is still an experimental challenge. As chromium trihalides consist of adjacent layers with weak interlayer coupling, the preparation of ultrathin CrX₃ nanosheets directly on substrates via vapor transport proves as an advantageous synthesis technique. It is demonstrated that vapor growth of ultrathin highly crystalline CrX₃ micro‐ and nanosheets succeeds directly on yttrium stabilized zirconia substrates in a one‐step process via chemical vapor transport (CVT) in temperature gradients of 100 K (600°C → 500°C for CrCl₃ and 650°C → 550°C for CrBr₃ or CrI₃) without a need for subsequent delamination. Due to simulation results, optimization of synthesis conditions is realized and phase pure CrX₃ nanosheets with thicknesses ≤25 nm are obtained via short term CVT. The nanosheets morphology, crystallinity, and phase purity are analyzed by several techniques, including microscopy, diffraction, and spectroscopy. Furthermore, a potential subsequent delamination technique is demonstrated to give fast access to CrX₃ monolayers using the example of CrCl₃ . KW - 2D layered compounds KW - Crystal growth KW - Chemical vapor transport KW - Halides KW - Nanocrystals KW - Thermodynamic modeling Y1 - 2019 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/admi.201901410 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201901410 SN - 2196-7350 VL - 6 IS - 24 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Martin, Bernd A1 - Süß, Hendrik T1 - Milnor algebras could be isomorphic to modular algebras Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Martin, Bernd A1 - Lavandoskyy, Victor T1 - A Symbolic Approach to Generation and Analysis of Finite Difference Schemes of Partial Differential Equations T2 - arXiv.org : (math-ph) KW - Computer Algebra KW - Differential Equation KW - Difference Schemes Y1 - 2010 UR - http://arxiv.org/pdf/1007.4443.pdf ER - TY - GEN A1 - Martin, Bernd A1 - Hirsch, Tobias T1 - Deformation with sections: Cotangent cohomology, flatnes conditions and modular germs T2 - arXiv.org : (math.CV) Y1 - 2003 UR - http://arxiv.org/pdf/math/0306281v1.pdf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jantke, Klaus-Peter A1 - Memmel, Martin A1 - Rostanin, Oleg A1 - Thalheim, Bernhard A1 - Tschiedel, Bernd ED - Eder, Johann T1 - Decision Support by Learning-on-Demand T2 - The 15th Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE '03), Klagenfurt/Velden, Austria, 16-20 June, 2003, workshops proceedings KW - decision support Y1 - 2003 SN - 86-435-0552-8 SP - 317 EP - 328 PB - Techn. Univ. CY - Aachen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kühhorn, Arnold A1 - Beirow, Bernd A1 - Schrape, Sven A1 - Golze, Mark A1 - Knöpke, Martin T1 - Simulation fluidgedämpfter Strukturschwingungen mittels partitionierter Fluid-Struktur-Kopplung T2 - Forum der Forschung Y1 - 2005 SN - 0947-6989 VL - 9 IS - 18 SP - 79 EP - 86 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Martin, Bernd A1 - Hirsch, Tobias T1 - Modular Strata of Deformation Functors T2 - Computational commutative and non-commutative algebraic geometry, proceedings of the Nato Advanced Research Workshop on Computational Commutative and Non-Commutative Algebraic Geometry, Chisinau, Moldova, 6 - 11 June 2004 Y1 - 2005 SN - 1-586-03505-3 SP - 156 EP - 166 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - GEN A1 - Martin, Bernd A1 - Pochekutov, Dimitry T1 - Discriminant and Singularities of Logarithmic Gauss Map, Examples and Application T2 - Journal of Siberian Federal University, Mathematik & Physics N2 - The study of hypersurfaces in a torus leads to the beautiful zoo of amoebas and their contours, whose possible configurations are seen from combinatorial data. There is a deep connection to the logarithmic Gauss map and its critical points. The theory has a lot of applications in many directions. In this report we recall basic notions and results from the theory of amoebas, show some connection to algebraic singularity theory and discuss some consequences from the well known classification of singularities to this subject. Moreover, we have tried to compute some examples using the computer algebra system SINGULAR and discuss different possibilities and their effectivity to compute the critical points. Here we meet an essential obstacle: Relevant examples need real or even rational solutions, which are found only by chance. We have tried to unify different views to that subject. KW - logarithmic Gauss map, singularities, discriminant, asymptotics, hypersurface amoeba Y1 - 2013 SN - 1997-1397 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 74 EP - 85 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Viehweger, Bernd A1 - Schölzke, Thomas A1 - Schierz, Martin T1 - Drücken strukturierter Feinbleche T2 - Bänder, Bleche, Rohre : bbr KW - strukturierte Feinbleche Y1 - 2013 UR - www.bbr.de VL - 54 IS - 6 SP - 122 EP - 123 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Steffens, S. A1 - Becker, C. A1 - Amkreutz, Daniel A1 - Klossek, André A1 - Kittler, Martin A1 - Chen, Y.-Y. A1 - Schnegg, Alexander A1 - Klingsporn, Max A1 - Abou-Ras, Daniel A1 - Lips, Klaus A1 - Rech, Bernd T1 - Impact of Dislocations and Dangling Bond Defects on The Electrical Performance of Crystalline Silicon Thin Films T2 - Applied Physics Letters Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4890625 SN - 1077-3118 SN - 0003-6951 VL - 105 IS - 2 SP - 022108 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Klossek, Andre A1 - Mankovics, Daniel A1 - Arguirov, Tzanimir V. A1 - Ratzke, Markus A1 - Kirner, Simon A1 - Friedrich, Felice A1 - Gabriel, Onno A1 - Stannowski, Bernd A1 - Schlatmann, Rutger A1 - Kittler, Martin T1 - Growth process of microcrystalline silicon studied by combined photoluminsescence and Raman investigations T2 - Journal of applied physics Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4838058 SN - 1520-8850 VL - 114 SP - 223511 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lips, Klaus A1 - Schulze, Tim F. A1 - Starr, David E. A1 - Bär, Marcus A1 - Wilks, Regan G. A1 - Fenske, F. A1 - Ruske, Florian A1 - Reiche, Martin A1 - Krol, Roel van de A1 - Reichardt, Gerd A1 - Schäfers, Franz A1 - Hendel, Stefan A1 - Follath, Rolf A1 - Bahrdt, Johannes A1 - Peredkov, Sergey A1 - DeBeer, Serena A1 - Hävecker, Michael A1 - Knop-Gericke, Axel A1 - Rau, Björn A1 - Kaufmann, Christian A1 - Schlatmann, Rutger A1 - Schlögl, Robert A1 - Rech, Bernd A1 - Raoux, Simone T1 - EMIL: The Energy Materials In-situ Laboratory Berlin – A novel characterization facility for photovoltaic and energy materials T2 - 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, proceedings of the international conference held in Hamburg, Germany, 14 -18 September 2015 Y1 - 2015 SN - 3-936338-39-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20152015-1AO.2.1 SP - 25 EP - 28 PB - WIP CY - München ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Böttger, Stefan A1 - Felgentreff, Bernd A1 - Hesse, Gerold A1 - Hloucal, Martin-Joseph A1 - Leßmann, Dieter A1 - Mix, Sebastian A1 - Roselt, Kersten A1 - Safarik, Mathias A1 - Schmidt, Jörg A1 - Steffan, Christoph A1 - Uhlmann, Wilfried T1 - Seethermie - Innovative Wärmeversorgung aus Tagebaurestseen - Schlussbericht KW - Seethermie Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.innovationsregion-mitteldeutschland.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/20210723_Schlussbericht-Seethermie_Langfassung.pdf CY - Leipzig ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Salecki, Steven A1 - Heinbach, Katharina A1 - Hirschl, Bernd A1 - Weidinger, Roman A1 - Schäfer-Stradowsky, Simon A1 - Ott, Ralf A1 - Lehnert, Wieland A1 - Kliem, Christine A1 - Altrock, Martin A1 - Umlauf, Florian A1 - Puffe, Matthias T1 - Finanzielle Beteiligung von betroffenen Kommunen bei Planung, Bau und Betrieb von erneuerbaren Energieanlagen (FinBEE) Ergebnisse für die Windenergie N2 - Im vorliegenden Bericht wurden die in Wissenschaft und Praxis diskutierten Instrumente zur finanziellen Beteiligung von Kommunen an EE-Anlagen vertieft analysiert und insbesondere rechtlich geprüft. Dabei kann unterschieden werden zwischen Instrumenten, die an bestehende Abgabenzahlungen an Kommunen anknüpfen (Grundsteuer, Gewerbesteuer, Konzessionsabgabe), und Instrumenten, mit denen eine neue Abgabe zugunsten der Kommune geschaffen wird (Sonderabgabe, Außenbereichsabgabe). Auf der Basis dieser Analyse wurde dann ein eigenes Instrument entwickelt (EEG-integrierter Mechanismus) sowie Ausgestaltungsempfehlungen zur Umsetzung. Neben den Instrumenten zur finanziellen Beteiligung von Kommunen wurde aufgrund der politischen Entwicklungen im Laufe des Forschungsvorhabens zusätzlich das Angebot vergünstigter (Bürger-)Stromtarife als ein Instrument zur Bürgerbeteiligung untersucht und ebenfalls mit Ausgestaltungsvorschlägen empfohlen. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.ioew.de/fileadmin/user_upload/BILDER_und_Downloaddateien/Publikationen/2020/FinBEE_Bericht_WEA_09092020.pdf PB - Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) CY - Berlin ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Salecki, Steven A1 - Hirschl, Bernd A1 - Lehnert, Wieland A1 - Altrock, Martin A1 - Kliem, Christine A1 - Weidinger, Roman A1 - Schäfer-Stradowsky, Simon A1 - Ott, Ralf T1 - Finanzielle Beteiligung von betroffenen Kommunen bei Planung, Bau und Betrieb von erneuerbaren Energieanlagen. Kurzpapier mit Empfehlungen zur kommunalen und Bürgerbeteiligung an Windenergieanlagen. N2 - Das vorliegende Papier präsentiert die von den Gutachter/innen erarbeiteten Vorschläge zur finanziellen Beteiligung von Kommunen und BürgerInnen an lokalen Onshore-Windenergieanlagen (WEA). Die beiden empfohlenen kommunalen und Bürgerbeteiligungsinstrumente wurden im Projektverlauf nach mehreren Kriterien ausgewählt. Ein kommunales Beteiligungsinstrument, das über das EEG finanziert wird, behebt die verfassungs- und finanzverfassungsrechtlichen Probleme, die andere vorgeschlagene Steuer- und Abgabeninstrumente mit sich bringen. Eine privatrechtliche Zahlungsvereinbarung wurde daher im Rahmen unserer umfangreichen Bewertung als vorzugswürdig erachtet und wird hier weiter hinsichtlich eines konkreten Umsetzungsvorschlags ausgearbeitet. Als direktes Bürgerbeteiligungsinstrument werden vergünstigte Bürgerstromtarife vorgestellt. Auf Empfehlung des Vermittlungsausschusses des Bundestags und Bundesrats und vor dem Hintergrund der hohen Zustimmungswerte der Bevölkerung zu diesem Instrument, werden vergünstigte Bürgerstromtarife als Bürgerbeteiligungsinstrument zur Implementierung neben einem kommunalen Beteiligungsinstrument empfohlen – direkt verknüpft mit der kommunalen Beteiligung. Beide Vorschläge führen insgesamt zu jährlichen Zahlungen an die betroffenen Kommunen und Bürger/innen im Bereich von 20.000 bis 30.000 Euro pro WEA. Dabei wird dem WEA-Betreiber ermöglicht, alternativ die Zahlungen ausschließlich an die Kommune zu entrichten. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.ioew.de/fileadmin/user_upload/BILDER_und_Downloaddateien/Publikationen/2020/IOEW__BBH_und_IKEM__2020__-_Finanzielle_Beteiligung_von_Kommunen_an_EE-An....pdf CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Froeschke, Samuel A1 - Yasmen, Nadia A1 - Popov, Alexey A1 - Schiemenz, Sandra A1 - Wolf, Daniel A1 - Giebeler, Lars A1 - Hantusch, Martin A1 - Gräßler, Nico A1 - Büchner, Bernd A1 - Schmidt, Peer A1 - Hampel, Silke T1 - Controlled Nanoplatelet Deposition of 2D Chromium Trihalide Solid Solutions T2 - Chemistry of Materials N2 - The two-dimensional (2D) chromium trihalides CrCl3, CrBr3, and CrI3 are most famous for their exotic magnetic properties when their crystals get downscaled to nanometer dimensions. One way to tune the properties of such materials and to further increase their potential utility, e.g., in spintronics, is the formation of solid solutions. Here, we present a detailed theoretical and experimental study on the synthesis and nanoplatelet growth of CrBrxCl3–x and CrBrxI3–x solid solutions. Phase pure powder was obtained by tempering the respective parent compounds at 600 and 550 °C, using additional iodine in the case of CrBrxI3–x. The dominant stacking order changes at x = 1.8 for CrBrxCl3–x while remaining similar to CrI3 for the whole CrBrxI3–x series. A consecutive chemical vapor transport from 575 → 525 °C for 2 h (CrBrxCl3–x) or 600 → 550 °C for 3 h with 0.1 mmol additional iodine (CrBrxI3–x) resulted in the deposition of high-quality nanoplatelets on a substrate with only several nanometers in height. The composition can be controlled by the choice of the starting material, since only small shifts in the anion ratio occur during the transport. The deposited CrBrxCl3–x nanoplatelets can then be easily delaminated by ultrasonication in ethanol to reduce the height even further to few-layer dimensions. These nanoplatelets could potentially be used to investigate the property changes (e.g., in terms of magnetic response) for the downscaling of these solid solutions. We further demonstrate the quality of the deposited material by transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy of the solid solution series reveals a complex evolution of vibrational modes. Photoluminescence measurements on solid solution samples show emission peaks in the near-infrared energy range with the specific energy and intensity being composition and temperature dependent. KW - 2D layered compounds KW - Chemical vapor transport KW - Crystal growth KW - Crystal structure KW - Halides KW - Thermodynamic modeling Y1 - 2023 UR - https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c03785 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c03785 SN - 1520-5002 SN - 0897-4756 VL - 35 IS - 11 SP - 4136 EP - 4148 ER -