TY - GEN A1 - Kahra, Marvin A1 - Breuß, Michael A1 - Kleefeld, Andreas A1 - Welk, Martin T1 - Matrix-valued LogSumExp approximation for colour morphology T2 - Journal of mathematical imaging and vision N2 - Mathematical morphology is a part of image processing that employs a moving window to modify pixel values through the application of specific operations. The supremum and infimum are pivotal concepts, yet defining them in a general sense for high-dimensional data such as colour is a challenging endeavour. As a result, a number of different approaches have been taken to try to find a solution, with certain compromises being made along the way. In this paper, we present an analysis of a novel approach that replaces the supremum within a morphological operation with the LogExp approximation of the maximum for matrix-valued colours. This approach has the advantage of extending the associativity of dilation from the one-dimensional to the higher-dimensional case. Furthermore, the minimality property is investigated and a relaxation specified to ensure that the approach is continuously dependent on the input data. KW - Mathematical morphology KW - Colour image KW - Matrix-valued image KW - Positive definite matrix KW - Symmetric matrix KW - Supremum Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10851-025-01267-5 SN - 0924-9907 SN - 1573-7683 VL - 67 IS - 5 PB - Springer US CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Villasmunta, Francesco A1 - Heise, Patrick A1 - Breiter, Manuela A1 - Schrader, Sigurd A1 - Schenk, Harald A1 - Regehly, Martin A1 - Mai, Andreas T1 - Monolithically integrated optical through-silicon waveguides for 3D chip-to-chip photonic interconnects T2 - IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics N2 - The scaling limitations of electrical interconnects are driving the demand for efficient optical chip-to-chip links. We report the first monolithic integration of air-clad optical through-silicon waveguides in silicon, fabricated via Bosch and cryogenic deep reactive-ion etching. Rib, single-bridge, and double-bridge designs with 50 μm cores and up to 150 μm propagation lengths have been evaluated. Cryogenic-etched rib waveguides achieve the highest median transmission (66%, −1.80 dB), compared to Bosch-etched ribs (62%, −2.08 dB). Across all geometries, 3 dB alignment windows range from 9.3 μm to 49.2 μm, with Bosch-etched double-bridge waveguides providing the broadest tolerance. We show that geometric fidelity outweighs sidewall roughness for transmission and alignment in these large-core, multimode optical through-silicon waveguides. This technology provides a scalable, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-compatible pathway toward 3D photonic interconnects. KW - Optical interconnections KW - Silicon photonics KW - Three-dimensional integrated circuits KW - Through-silicon vias (TSV) Y1 - 2026 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3615001 SN - 1077-260X SN - 1558-4542 VL - 32 IS - 2: 3-D Horizons in Photonics SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) CY - New York, NY ER - TY - GEN A1 - Racheva, Miroslava A1 - Basalo Lourido, Javier A1 - Gurdal, Enise Ece A1 - Herbst, Martin A1 - Bayar, Seyhmus A1 - Radzik, Daniela A1 - Bähr, Elen A1 - Zwies, Constanze A1 - Neffe, Axel T. A1 - Pietzsch, Markus A1 - Lendlein, Andreas A1 - Wischke, Christian T1 - Tyrosinase cross-linked PEG hydrogels with DAT and DATT as artificial substrates : design, structure, and functions T2 - Biomacromolecules N2 - Enzymes such as oxidases are sustainable tools for hydrogel synthesis, but complex competing reactions have limited the mechanistic understanding and biomedical applications of these materials. Guided by molecular docking and MM-GBSA calculations, we identified two artificial substrates, desaminotyrosine (DAT) and desaminotyrosyltyrosine (DATT), that were experimentally more efficiently converted by mushroom tyrosinase (mTyr) than the natural substrate tyrosine. These substrates were used to synthesize hydrogels from DAT/DATT-functionalized star-shaped oligoethylene glycol (sOEG). Model reactions elucidated the chemical nature and functionality of the hydrogel netpoints. Material properties were systematically investigated depending on sOEG molecular weight (5, 10, 20 kDa), substrate type, and mTyr concentration. Functional mesh sizes and controlled release functions were investigated with fluorescent dextrans (4–500 kDa) and heparin. Cell culture studies with L929 fibroblasts and THP-1 monocytes suggested inertness of the material. These findings provide fundamental insight into mTyr-catalyzed hydrogel formation and support further exploration for in situ hydrogel synthesis. KW - Hydrogel KW - Enzymatic synthesis KW - Biomaterial Y1 - 2026 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.5c01929 SN - 1525-7797 VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 1317 EP - 1336 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) CY - Washington, DC ER -