TY - GEN A1 - Olowe, Olugbenga Adekunle A1 - Choudhary, S. A1 - Schierack, Peter A1 - Wieler, Lothar H. A1 - Makanjuola, O. B. A1 - Olayemi, A. B. A1 - Anjum, M. T1 - Pathotyping bla CTX-M Escherichia coli from Nigeria T2 - European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology N2 - Background: Escherichia coli have become the enterobacteriaceae species most affected by extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in view of the emergence of CTX-M-type ESBLs. These CTX-M-positive E. coli have been reported in numerous regions worldwide. Virulence determinants of already reported CTX-M-positive E. coli were investigated. Methodology: To gain insights into the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we assessed serogroup, susceptibility pattern and diversity of virulence profiles within a collection of nine blaCTX-M-positive E. coli strains and their virulent determinant using miniaturized DNA microarray techniques. The nine ESBL-positive E. coli isolates were from eight male and one female patient(s) selected for study based on previous work. Virulence potential was inferred by detection of 63 virulence factor (VF) genes. Results: Four (44.4%) of the 9 E. coli isolates exhibited the same set of core characteristics: serotype O8:Hnt, while all were positive for OXA-1, ciprofloxacin resistance. Five of the isolates exhibited highly similar (91% to 100%) VF profiles. Conclusion: The findings describe a broadly disseminated, blaCTX-M-positive and virulent E. coli serogroup with highly homogeneous virulence genotypes, suggesting recent emergence in this zone. Understanding how this clone has emerged and successfully disseminated within the hospital and community, including across national boundaries, should be a public health priority. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1556/EuJMI.3.2013.2.5 SN - 2062-8633 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 120 EP - 125 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kleta, Sylvia A1 - Nordhoff, M. A1 - Tedin, Karsten A1 - Wieler, Lothar H. A1 - Kolenda, Rafał A1 - Oswald, S. A1 - Oelschlaeger, T. A. A1 - Bleiss, W. A1 - Schierack, Peter T1 - Role of F1C fimbriae, flagella, and secreted bacterial components in the inhibitory effect of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 on atypical enteropathogenic E. coli infection. T2 - Infect Immun. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01431-13 VL - 82 IS - 5 SP - 1801 EP - 1812 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mirsky, Vladimir M. A1 - Rödiger, Stefan A1 - Schierack, Peter A1 - Roggenbuck, Dirk T1 - Preface to the Special Issue on PCR on chip and related technologies T2 - Microchimica Acta Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-014-1246-1 VL - 181 IS - 13/14 SP - 1609 EP - 1610 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kolenda, Rafał A1 - Burdukiewicz, Michał A1 - Szabo, M. A1 - Orlowska, Aleksandra A1 - Nitschke, Jörg A1 - Böhm, Alexander A1 - Schierack, Peter T1 - Influence of Salmonella FimH sequence variation on binding to pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein GP2 of human and porcine origin T2 - 5th ASM Conference on Salmonella, Potsdam, 29.08-01.09.2016 Y1 - 2016 UR - https://www.asm.org/images/1903%20asm%20salmonella%20program%20web3.pdf SP - S. 125 PB - American Society for Microbiology CY - Washington, DC ER - TY - GEN A1 - Baus Lončar, Mirela A1 - Al-azzeh, E-d A1 - Sommer, Patricia S. M. A1 - Marinović, Maja A. A1 - Schmehl, K. A1 - Kruschewski, Martin A1 - Blin, Nikolaus A1 - Stohwasser, Ralf A1 - Gött, Peter A1 - Kayademir, Tuncay T1 - Tumour necrosis factor alpha and nuclear factor kappaB inhibit transcription of human TFF3 encoding a gastrointestinal healing peptide T2 - Gut Y1 - 2003 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.52.9.1297 SN - 1468-3288 SN - 0017-5749 VL - 52 IS - 9 SP - 1297 EP - 1303 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Inga Anita A1 - Clausen, Caterina J. A1 - Schwarz, Daniel A1 - Zaumseil, Peter A1 - Capellini, Giovanni A1 - Virgilio, Michele A1 - Da Silva Figueira, Maria Cecilia A1 - Birner, Stefan A1 - Koelling, Sebastian A1 - Koenraad, Paul M. A1 - Huang, Michael R. S. A1 - Koch, Christoph T. A1 - Wendav, Torsten A1 - Busch, Kurt A1 - Schulze, Jörg T1 - Composition analysis and transition energies of ultrathin Sn-rich GeSn quantum wells T2 - Physical Review Materials Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.024601 SN - 2475-9953 VL - 4 IS - 2 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Davin, Edouard A1 - Rechid, Diana A1 - Breil, Marcus A1 - Cardoso, Rita M. A1 - Coppola, Erika A1 - Hoffmann, Peter A1 - Jach, Lisa L. A1 - Katragkou, Eleni A1 - Noblet-Ducoudré, Nathalie de A1 - Radtke, Kai A1 - Raffa, Mario A1 - Soares, Pedro A1 - Sofiadis, Giannis A1 - Strada, Susanna A1 - Strandberg, Gustav A1 - Tölle, Merja H. A1 - Warrach-Sagi, Kirsten A1 - Wulfmeyer, Volker T1 - Biogeophysical impacts of deforestation in Europe First results from the LUCAS Regional Climate Mode intercomparison T2 - Earth System Dynamics N2 - The Land Use and Climate Across Scales Flagship Pilot Study (LUCAS FPS) is a coordinated community effort to improve the integration of land use change (LUC) in regional climate models (RCMs) and to quantify the biogeophysical effects of LUC on local to regional climate in Europe. In the first phase of LUCAS, nine RCMs are used to explore the biogeophysical impacts of re-/afforestation over Europe: two idealized experiments representing respectively a non-forested and a maximally forested Europe are compared in order to quantify spatial and temporal variations in the regional climate sensitivity to forestation. We find some robust features in the simulated response to forestation. In particular, all models indicate a year-round decrease in surface albedo, which is most pronounced in winter and spring at high latitudes. This results in a winter warming effect, with values ranging from +0.2 to +1 K on average over Scandinavia depending on models. However, there are also a number of strongly diverging responses. For instance, there is no agreement on the sign of temperature changes in summer with some RCMs predicting a widespread cooling from forestation (well below −2 K in most regions), a widespread warming (around +2 K or above in most regions) or a mixed response. A large part of the inter-model spread is attributed to the representation of land processes. In particular, differences in the partitioning of sensible and latent heat are identified as a key source of uncertainty in summer. Atmospheric processes, such as changes in incoming radiation due to cloud cover feedbacks, also influence the simulated response in most seasons. In conclusion, the multi-model approach we use here has the potential to deliver more robust and reliable information to stakeholders involved in land use planning, as compared to results based on single models. However, given the contradictory responses identified, our results also show that there are still fundamental uncertainties that need to be tackled to better anticipate the possible intended or unintended consequences of LUC on regional climates. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-183-2020 SN - 2190-4995 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 183 EP - 200 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bissolli, Peter A1 - Demicran, Mesut A1 - Kennedy, John A1 - Lakatos, Mónika A1 - McCarthy, Mark A1 - Morice, Colin A1 - Pastor Saavedra, S. A1 - Pons, M. R. A1 - Rodriguez Camino, C. A1 - Rösner, Benjamin A1 - Sensoy, Serhat A1 - Spillane, Sandra A1 - Trachte, Katja A1 - van der Schrier, Gerard T1 - Europe and the Middle East T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society / State of the Climate in 2017 N2 - In 2017, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth’s atmosphere—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide— reached new record highs. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth’s surface for 2017 was 405.0 ± 0.1 ppm, 2.2 ppm greater than for 2016 and the highest in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800 000 years. The global growth rate of CO2 has nearly quadrupled since the early 1960s. With ENSO-neutral conditions present in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean during most of the year and weak La Niña conditions notable at the start and end, the global temperature across land and ocean surfaces ranked as the second or third highest, depending on the dataset, since records began in the mid-to-late 1800s. Notably, it was the warmest non-El Niño year in the instrumental record. Above Earth’s surface, the annual lower tropospheric temperature was also either second or third highest according to all datasets analyzed. The lower stratospheric temperature was about 0.2°C higher than the record cold temperature of 2016 according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Argentina, Uruguay, Spain, and Bulgaria, reported record high annual temperatures. Mexico broke its annual record for the fourth consecutive year. On 27 January, the temperature reached 43.4°C at Puerto Madryn, Argentina—the highest temperature recorded so far south (43°S) anywhere in the world. On 28 May in Turbat, western Pakistan, the high of 53.5°C tied Pakistan’s all-time highest temperature and became the world-record highest temperature for May. In the Arctic, the 2017 land surface temperature was 1.6°C above the 1981–2010 average, the second highest since the record began in 1900, behind only 2016. The five highest annual Arctic temperatures have all occurred since 2007. Exceptionally high temperatures were observed in the permafrost across the Arctic, with record values reported in much of Alaska and northwestern Canada. In August, high sea surface temperature (SST) records were broken for the Chukchi Sea, with some regions as warm as +11°C, or 3° to 4°C warmer than the longterm mean (1982–present). According to paleoclimate studies, today’s abnormally warm Arctic air and SSTs have not been observed in the last 2000 years. The increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 7 March, sea ice extent at the end of the growth season saw its lowest maximum in the 37-year satellite record, covering 8% less area than the 1981–2010 average. The Arctic sea ice minimum on 13 September was the eighth lowest on record and covered 25% less area than the long-term mean. Preliminary data indicate that glaciers across the world lost mass for the 38th consecutive year on record; the declines are remarkably consistent from region to region. Cumulatively since 1980, this loss is equivalent to slicing 22 meters off the top of the average glacier. Antarctic sea ice extent remained below average for all of 2017, with record lows during the first four months. Over the continent, the austral summer seasonal melt extent and melt index were the second highest since 2005, mostly due to strong positive anomalies of air temperature over most of the West Antarctic coast. In contrast, the East Antarctic Plateau saw record low mean temperatures in March. The year was also distinguished by the second smallest Antarctic ozone hole observed since 1988. Across the global oceans, the overall long-term SST warming trend remained strong. Although SST cooled slightly from 2016 to 2017, the last three years produced the three highest annual values observed; these high anomalies have been associated with widespread coral bleaching. The most recent global coral bleaching lasted three full years, June 2014 to May 2017, and was the longest, most widespread, and almost certainly most destructive such event on record. Global integrals of 0–700- m and 0–2000-m ocean heat content reached record highs in 2017, and global mean sea level during the year became the highest annual average in the 25-year satellite altimetry record, rising to 77 mm above the 1993 average. In the tropics, 2017 saw 85 named tropical storms, slightly above the 1981–2010 average of 82. The North Atlantic basin was the only basin that featured an above-normal season, its seventh most active in the 164-year record. Three hurricanes in the basin were especially notable. Harvey produced record rainfall totals in areas of Texas and Louisiana, including a storm total of 1538.7 mm near Beaumont, Texas, which far exceeds the previous known U.S. tropical cyclone record of 1320.8 mm. Irma was the strongest tropical cyclone globally in 2017 and the strongest Atlantic hurricane outside of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean on record with maximum winds of 295 km h−1. Maria caused catastrophic destruction across the Caribbean Islands, including devastating wind damage and flooding across Puerto Rico. Elsewhere, the western North Pacific, South Indian, and Australian basins were all particularly quiet. Precipitation over global land areas in 2017 was clearly above the long-term average. Among noteworthy regional precipitation records in 2017, Russia reported its second wettest year on record (after 2013) and Norway experienced its sixth wettest year since records began in 1900. Across India, heavy rain and flood-related incidents during the monsoon season claimed around 800 lives. In August and September, above-normal precipitation triggered the most devastating floods in more than a decade in the Venezuelan states of Bolívar and Delta Amacuro. In Nigeria, heavy rain during August and September caused the Niger and Benue Rivers to overflow, bringing floods that displaced more than 100 000 people. Global fire activity was the lowest since at least 2003; however, high activity occurred in parts of North America, South America, and Europe, with an unusually long season in Spain and Portugal, which had their second and third driest years on record, respectively. Devastating fires impacted British Columbia, destroying 1.2 million hectares of timber, bush, and grassland, due in part to the region’s driest summer on record. In the United States, an extreme western wildfire season burned over 4 million hectares; the total costs of $18 billion tripled the previous U.S. annual wildfire cost record set in 1991. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1175/2018BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 SN - 0003-0007 SN - 1520-0477 VL - 99 IS - 8 SP - 222 EP - 233 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Trachte, Katja A1 - Obregon, Andre A1 - Bissolli, Peter A1 - Kennedy, John A1 - Parker, David E. A1 - Trigo, Ricardo M. A1 - Barriopedro, D. E. T1 - Regional climates. Europe and the Middle East T2 - State of the Climate in 2011, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society N2 - Large-scale climate patterns influenced temperature and weather patterns around the globe in 2011. In particu-lar, a moderate-to-strong La Niña at the beginning of the year dissipated during boreal spring but reemerged during fall. The phenomenon contributed to historical droughts in East Africa, the southern United States, and northern Mexico, as well the wettest two-year period (2010 –11) on record for Australia, particularly remarkable as this follows a decade-long dry period. Precipitation patterns in South America were also influenced by La Niña. Heavy rain in Rio de Janeiro in January triggered the country’s worst floods and landslides in Brazil’s history. The 2011 combined average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces was the coolest since 2008, but was also among the 15 warmest years on record and above the 1981–2010 average. The global sea surface temperature cooled by 0.1°C from 2010 to 2011, associ-ated with cooling influences of La Niña. Global integrals of upper ocean heat content for 2011 were higher than for all prior years, demonstrating the Earth’s dominant role of the oceans in the Earth’s energy budget. In the upper atmosphere, tropical stratospheric temperatures were anomalously warm, while polar temper atures were anomalously cold. This led to large spring time stratospheric ozone reductions in polar latitudes in both hemispheres. Ozone concentrations in the Arctic strato-sphere during March were the lowest for that period since satellite records began in 1979. An extensive, deep, and persistent ozone hole over the Antarctic in September indicates that the recovery to pre-1980 conditions is proceeding very slowly.Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increased by 2.10 ppm in 2011, and exceeded 390 ppm for the first time since instrumental records began. Other greenhouse gases also continued to rise in concentration and the combined effect now represents a 30% increase in radia-tive forcing over a 1990 baseline. Most ozone depleting substances continued to fall. The global net ocean carbon dioxide uptake for the 2010 transition period from El Niño to La Niña, the most recent period for which analyzed data are available, was estimated to be 1.30 Pg C yr-1, almost 12% below the 29-year long-term average. Relative to the long-term trend, global sea level dropped noticeably in mid-2010 and reached a local minimum in 2011. The drop has been linked to the La Nina conditions that prevailed throughout much of 2010–11. Global sea level increased sharply during the second half of 2011. Global tropical cyclone activity during 2011 was well-below average, with a total of 74 storms compared with the 1981–2010 average of 89. Similar to 2010, the North Atlantic was the only basin that experienced above-normal activity.For the first year since the widespread introduction of the Dvorak intensity-estimation method in the 1980s, only three tropical cyclones reached Category 5 intensity level—all in the Northwest Pacific basin.The Arctic continued to warm at about twice the rate compared with lower latitudes. Below-normal summer snowfall, a decreasing trend in surface albedo, and above-average surface and upper air temperatures resulted in a continued pattern of extreme surface melting, and net snow and ice loss on the Greenland ice sheet. Warmer-than-normal temperatures over the Eurasian Arctic in spring resulted in a new record-low June snow cover extent and spring snow cover duration in this region. In the Canadian Arctic, the mass loss from glaciers and ice caps was the greatest since GRACE measurements began in 2002, continuing a negative trend that began in 1987. New record high temperatures occurred at 20 m below the land surface at all permafrost observatories on the North Slope of Alaska, where measurements began in the late 1970s. Arctic sea ice extent in September 2011 was the second-lowest on record, while the extent of old ice (four and five years) reached a new record minimum that was just 19% of normal.On the opposite pole, austral winter and spring tem-peratures were more than 3°C above normal over much of the Antarctic continent.However, winter temperatures were below normal in the northern Antarctic Peninsula, which continued the downward trend there during the last 15 years. In summer, an all-time record high tempera-ture of -12.3°C was set at the South Pole station on 25 December, exceeding the previous record by more than a full degree. Antarctic sea ice extent anomalies increased steadily through much of the year, from briefly setting a record low in April, to well above average in December. The latter trend reflects the dispersive effects of low pres-sure on sea ice and the generally cool conditions around the Antarctic perimeter.Unauthenticated | Downloaded 05/07/21 10:23 AM UTC Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1175/2012BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 VL - 93 IS - 7 SP - 186 EP - 199 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Trachte, Katja A1 - Obregon, Andre A1 - Bissolli, Peter A1 - Nitsche, Helga A1 - Parker, David A1 - Kennedy, John A1 - Kendon, Michael A1 - Trigo, Ricardo M. A1 - Barriopedro, David A1 - Ramos, A. A1 - Sensoy, Serhat A1 - Hovhannisyan, Diana T1 - Regional climates. Europe and the Middle East T2 - State of the Climate in 2013, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society N2 - In 2013, the vast majority of the monitored climate variables reported here maintained trends established in recent decades. ENSO was in a neutral state during the entire year, remaining mostly on the cool side of neutral with modest impacts on regional weather patterns around the world. This follows several years dominated by the effects of either La Niña or El Niño events. According to several independent analyses, 2013 was again among the 10 warmest years on record at the global scale, both at the Earth’s surface and through the troposphere. Some regions in the Southern Hemisphere had record or near-record high temperatures for the year. Australia observed its hottest year on record, while Argentina and New Zealand reported their second and third hottest years, respectively. In Antarctica, Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station reported its highest annual temperature since records began in 1957. At the opposite pole, the Arctic observed its seventh warmest year since records began in the early 20th century. At 20-m depth, record high temperatures were measured at some permafrost stations on the North Slope of Alaska and in the Brooks Range. In the Northern Hemisphere extratropics, anomalous meridional atmospheric circulation occurred throughout much of the year, leading to marked regional extremes of both temperature and precipitation. Cold temperature anomalies during winter across Eurasia were followed by warm spring temperature anomalies, which were linked to a new record low Eurasian snow cover extent in May. Minimum sea ice extent in the Arctic was the sixth lowest since satellite observations began in 1979. Including 2013, all seven lowest extents on record have occurred in the past seven years. Antarctica, on the other hand, had above-average sea ice extent throughout 2013, with 116 days of new daily high extent records, including a new daily maximum sea ice area of 19.57 million km2 reached on 1 October. ENSO-neutral conditions in the eastern central Pacific Ocean and a negative Pacific decadal oscillation pattern in the North Pacific had the largest impacts on the global sea surface temperature in 2013. The North Pacific reached a historic high temperature in 2013 and on balance the globally-averaged sea surface temperature was among the 10 highest on record. Overall, the salt content in nearsurface ocean waters increased while in intermediate waters it decreased. Global mean sea level continued to rise during 2013, on pace with a trend of 3.2 mm yr-1 over the past two decades. A portion of this trend (0.5 mm yr-1) has been attributed to natural variability associated with the Pacific decadal oscillation as well as to ongoing contributions from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets and ocean warming. Global tropical cyclone frequency during 2013 was slightly above average with a total of 94 storms, although the North Atlantic Basin had its quietest hurricane season since 1994. In the Western North Pacific Basin, Super Typhoon Haiyan, the deadliest tropical cyclone of 2013, had 1-minute sustained winds estimated to be 170 kt (87.5 m s-1) on 7 November, the highest wind speed ever assigned to a tropical cyclone. High storm surge was also associated with Haiyan as it made landfall over the central Philippines, an area where sea level is currently at historic highs, increasing by 200 mm since 1970. In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide all continued to increase in 2013. As in previous years, each of these major greenhouse gases once again reached historic high concentrations. In the Arctic, carbon dioxide and methane increased at the same rate as the global increase. These increases are likely due to export from lower latitudes rather than a consequence of increases in Arctic sources, such as thawing permafrost. At Mauna Loa, Hawaii, for the first time since measurements began in 1958, the daily average mixing ratio of carbon dioxide exceeded 400 ppm on 9 May. The state of these variables, along with dozens of others, and the 2013 climate conditions of regions around the world are discussed in further detail in this 24th edition of the State of the Climate series. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1175/2014BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 VL - 95 IS - 7 SP - 181 EP - 193 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Natarov, Roman A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Bohovyk, R. A1 - Fedoriuk, M. A1 - Isaev, Dmytro S. A1 - Sudakov, Oleksandr A1 - Maksymyuk, O. A1 - Krishtal, Oleg A. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Artefacts in EEG Signals Epileptic Seizure Prediction using Edge Devices T2 - International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems and Internet-of-Things (CPS & IoT 2020) Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-1-7281-6949-1 SN - 978-1-7281-6950-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO49872.2020.9134076 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Emmenegger, Marc A1 - Kumar, Sreedhar Saseendran A1 - Emmenegger, Vishalini A1 - Malinauskas, Tomas A1 - Büttner, Thomas A1 - Rose, Laura A1 - Schierack, Peter A1 - Sprinzl, Martin F. A1 - Sommer, Clemens J. A1 - Lackner, Karl J. A1 - Aguzzi, Adriano A1 - Roggenbuck, Dirk A1 - Frauenknecht, Katrin B. M. T1 - Anti-prothrombin autoantibodies enriched after infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenced by strength of antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 proteins T2 - PLoS pathogens Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010118 SN - 1553-7374 VL - 17 IS - 12 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Deckers, Katleen A1 - Eckmeier, Eileen A1 - Frenzel, Peter A1 - Fritzsch, Dagmar A1 - Langan, Carolin A1 - Leierer, Lucia A1 - Metzner, Susan M. A1 - Pint, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Riehl, Simone A1 - Röpke, Astrid A1 - Schlütz, Frank A1 - Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila S. A1 - Wiedner, Katja ED - Stolz, Christian ED - Miller, Christopher E. T1 - Analysemethoden T2 - Geoarchäologie N2 - Die Geoarchäologie verfügt über ein äußerst breites und stetig wachsendes Spektrum an Analysemethoden, die sowohl im Labor als auch im Gelände angewandt werden. Das Kapitel stellt alle gebräuchlichen Methoden vor und soll insbesondere Nachwuchswissenschaftlern als Werkzeugkasten dienen. Zunächst liegt der Fokus auf den bodenkundlich-geomorphologischen Standardmethoden, wie Korngrößenanalyse (Bodenart), Bodenfarbe, Gehalt an organischer Substanz, Carbonatgehalt, Bodenreaktion (pH) und vielfältigen Multielement-Analysen zur Lösung verschiedener Fragestellungen. Für die Paläoumweltforschung haben die Pollenanalyse sowie die Analyse von Nichtpollen-Palynomorphen (NPP) schon seit vielen Jahrzehnten eine große Bedeutung. Für größere biogene Reste stehen die Makrorestanalyse und die Anthrakologie zur Untersuchung von Holzkohlen zur Verfügung. Weiterhin beschreibt das Kapitel die Methode der Mikromorphologie (Dünnschliffe), die Analyse von Biomarkern und stabilen Isotopen sowie die Bestimmung und Einordnung von Foraminiferen und Ostrakoden aus aquatischen Ökosystemen. Beschrieben werden außerdem Ansätze zu Phytolithen und Messungen mithilfe der Fourier-Tranformations-Infrarotspektrometrie (FTIR). Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62774-7_15 SP - 287 EP - 335 PB - Springer Spektrum CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Saskia M. A1 - Macaulay, Peter J. R. A1 - Bilz, Ludwig T1 - Broadening the contextual perspective on bullying: Direct and cross-level interaction effects between staff communication climate, classroom climate, and students’ bullying experiences T2 - 26th Workshop on Aggression. The Nature and Prevention of Political Violence. N2 - Research on the development of bullying is often based upon Bronfenbrenner’s socioecological model (Swearer & Hymel, 2015). Thus, various relevant contextual variables have been identified, including classroom climate and school climate (Thornberg et al., 2018; Zych et al., 2019). School climate has been defined in different ways, mostly including relationships between people in the school environment (Wang et al., 2016). Empirically, only the relationships between students (also summarised within the class as classroom climate) and between teachers and pupils are usually considered. However, teachers have been identified as particularly significant in the bullying process and as role models for students (Colpin et al., 2021). Because of this, it is assumed that relationships among teachers can also be significant risk factors for student bullying. In this study, we investigate communication climate among teachers as part of the school climate and its associations to student bullying. In addition, we follow Bronfenbrenner’s idea of interactions among contextual levels by considering both school climate and classroom climate and investigating moderation effects. Data was collected from more than 550 teachers and 2,000 students in 114 classes at 24 schools in Germany. The analyses involved three-level hierarchical binary regression analyses and cross-level interaction models. Findings suggest that staff communication climate is not associated directly with students’ experiences with bullying, but that the worse staff communication climate, the more students bully others in classrooms with high rates of rivalry (cross-level moderation). The associations will further be analysed under consideration of relevant control variables. Final results will be presented at the conference. The study broadens the contextual perspective on bullying by including more than one level at once and supports the importance of a whole-school perspective on bullying. Y1 - 2022 UR - http://www.woa.uni-jena.de/WoA2022-Program.pdf ER - TY - GEN A1 - Meier, M. A1 - Meyer, Antoine A1 - Motuz, Vasyl A1 - Sliavin, Yaraslau A1 - Bista, T. R. A1 - Strangfeld, Matthias A1 - Szabo, Peter A1 - Egbers, Christoph T1 - Dielectrophoretic induced convection in a sounding rocket flight T2 - Tagung: 27th European Low Gravity Research Association Biennial Symposium and General Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.elgra2022.es/pages/congresos/elgra2022/bookofabstractselgra2022 SP - 37 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Meyer, Antoine A1 - Meier, M. A1 - Szabo, Peter A1 - Sliavin, Yaraslau A1 - Motuz, Vasyl A1 - Gerstner, Philipp A1 - Roller, Jonas A1 - Heuveline, Vincent A1 - Egbers, Christoph T1 - Thermoelectric instability of a dielectric fluid in a cylindrical annulus with vertical or horizontal orientation T2 - European Fluid Mechanics Conference EFMC14 Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.erasmus.gr/microsites/1240/scientific-programme SP - 37 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Neyret, Margot A1 - Le Provost, Gaëtane A1 - Boesing, Andrea Larissa A1 - Schneider, Florian D. A1 - Baulechner, Dennis A1 - Bergmann, Joana A1 - Vries, Franciska T. de A1 - Fiore-Donno, Anna Maria A1 - Geisen, Stefan A1 - Goldmann, Kezia A1 - Merges, Anna A1 - Saifutdinov, Ruslan A. A1 - Simons, Nadja K. A1 - Tobias, Joseph A. A1 - Zaitsev, Andrey S. A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Jung, Kirsten A1 - Kandeler, Ellen A1 - Krauss, Jochen A1 - Penone, Caterina A1 - Schloter, Michael A1 - Schulz, Stefanie A1 - Staab, Michael A1 - Wolters, Volkmar A1 - Apostolakis, Antonios A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Boeddinghaus, Runa S. A1 - Bolliger, Ralph A1 - Bonkowski, Michael A1 - Buscot, François A1 - Dumack, Kenneth A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Gan, Huei Ying A1 - Heinze, Johannes A1 - Hölzel, Norbert A1 - John, Katharina A1 - Klaus, Valentin H. A1 - Kleinebecker, Till A1 - Marhan, Sven A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Renner, Swen C. A1 - Rillig, Matthias C. A1 - Schenk, Noëlle V. A1 - Schöning, Ingo A1 - Schrumpf, Marion A1 - Seibold, Sebastian A1 - Socher, Stephanie A. A1 - Solly, Emily F. A1 - Teuscher, Miriam A1 - Kleunen, Mark van A1 - Wubet, Tesfaye A1 - Manning, Peter T1 - A slow-fast trait continuum at the whole community level in relation to land-use intensification T2 - Nature Communications N2 - AbstractOrganismal functional strategies form a continuum from slow- to fast-growing organisms, in response to common drivers such as resource availability and disturbance. However, whether there is synchronisation of these strategies at the entire community level is unclear. Here, we combine trait data for 2800 above- and belowground taxa from 14 trophic guilds spanning a disturbance and resource availability gradient in German grasslands. The results indicate that most guilds consistently respond to these drivers through both direct and trophically mediated effects, resulting in a ‘slow-fast’ axis at the level of the entire community. Using 15 indicators of carbon and nutrient fluxes, biomass production and decomposition, we also show that fast trait communities are associated with faster rates of ecosystem functioning. These findings demonstrate that ‘slow’ and ‘fast’ strategies can be manifested at the level of whole communities, opening new avenues of ecosystem-level functional classification. KW - General Physics and Astronomy KW - General Biochemistry KW - General Chemistry KW - Multidisciplinary KW - Genetics and Molecular Biology Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45113-5 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 15 IS - 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Andreessen, Lena M. A1 - Gerjets, Peter A1 - Meurers, Detmar A1 - Zander, Thorsten O. T1 - Toward neuroadaptive support technologies for improving digital reading: a passive BCI-based assessment of mental workload imposed by text difficulty and presentation speed during reading T2 - User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction N2 - We investigated whether a passive brain–computer interface that was trained to distinguish low and high mental workload in the electroencephalogram (EEG) can be used to identify (1) texts of different readability difficulties and (2) texts read at different presentation speeds. For twelve subjects we calibrated a subject-dependent, but task-independent predictive model classifying mental workload. We then recorded EEG data from each subject, while twelve texts in blocks of three were presented to them word by word. Half of the texts were easy, and the other half were difficult texts according to classic reading formulas. From each text category three texts were read at a self-adjusted comfortable presentation speed and the other three at an increased speed. For each subject we applied the predictive model to EEG data of each word of the twelve texts. We found that the resulting predictive values for mental workload were higher for difficult texts than for easy texts. Predictive values from texts presented at an increased speed were also higher than for those presented at a normal self-adjusted speed. The results suggest that the task-independent predictive model can be used on single-subject level to build a highly predictive user model of the reader over time. Such a model could be employed in a system which continuously monitors brain activity related to mental workload and adapts to specific reader’s abilities and characteristics by adjusting the difficulty of text materials and the way it is presented to the reader in real time. A neuroadaptive system like this could foster efficient reading and text-based learning by keeping readers’ mental workload levels at an individually optimal level. KW - Computer Science Applications KW - Human-Computer Interaction KW - Education Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11257-020-09273-5 SN - 0924-1868 VL - 31 IS - 1 SP - 75 EP - 104 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bilz, Ludwig A1 - Kansok-Dusche, Julia A1 - Fischer, Saskia M. A1 - Bartholomäus, Peter T1 - What works in hate speech intervention and prevention in schools? First results of a systematic review T2 - 28TH WORKSHOP ON AGGRESSION N2 - Hate speech is a global social problem with a multitude of negative consequences. Derogatory expressions against certain groups of people are not a new phenomenon. However, hate speech has become much more widespread in recent years. After the Internet, the school is a place where hate speech occurs and where children and young people perpetrate, witness, and become victims of hate speech (Castellanos et al., 2023; Kansok-Dusche et al., 2023). Schools represent a suitable location to address hate speech incidents and to prevent future hate speech. To date, there is limited evidence on the availability, quality, and effectiveness of school-based anti-hate speech programs. The objective of this systematic review is to compile a catalogue of available anti-hate speech programs, that are particularly aimed at children and youth and that can be used to deal with hate speech in schools. Furthermore, their quality and utility are to be evaluated on a criteria-driven basis by two independent reviewers. The presentation will provide an overview of the 27 programmes identified and the initial results regarding their quality. Recommendations are given for the implementation of these programmes in schools and for their further improvement. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.ntu.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0030/2539218/28th-Workshop-on-Aggression-Programme.pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.35879.97440 CY - Nottingham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Frost, Fabian A1 - Weiss, Stefan A1 - Hertel, Johannes A1 - Rühlemann, Malte A1 - Bang, Corinna A1 - Franke, Andre A1 - Nauck, Matthias A1 - Dörr, Marcus A1 - Völzke, Henry A1 - Roggenbuck, Dirk A1 - Schierack, Peter A1 - Völker, Uwe A1 - Homuth, Georg A1 - Aghdassi, Ali A. A1 - Sendler, Matthias A1 - Lerch, Markus M. A1 - Weiss, Frank U. T1 - Fecal glycoprotein 2 is a marker of gut microbiota dysbiosis and systemic inflammation T2 - Gut Pathogens N2 - Background autoantigenic glycoprotein 2 (GP2) is an important component of the innate immune system which originates from the exocrine pancreas as well as from the small intestines. The relationship of GP2 with the intestinal microbiome as well as the systemic implications of increased fecal GP2 levels are, however, still unclear. Therefore, fecal samples from 2,812 individuals of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) were collected to determine GP2 levels (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and gut microbiota profiles (16 S rRNA gene sequencing). These data were correlated and associated with highly standardised and comprehensive phenotypic data of the study participants. Results Fecal GP2 levels were increased in individuals with higher body mass index and smokers, whereas lower levels were found in case of preserved exocrine pancreatic function, female sex or a healthier diet. Moreover, higher GP2 levels were associated with increased serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, loss of gut microbial diversity and an increase of potentially detrimental bacteria (Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Clostridium XIVa, or Collinsella). At the same time, predicted microbial pathways for the biosynthesis of beneficial short-chain fatty acids or lactic acid were depleted in individuals with high fecal GP2. Of note, GP2 exhibited a stronger association to overall microbiome variation than calprotectin. Conclusion Fecal GP2 is a biomarker of gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated with increased systemic inflammation. The intestines may be more important as origin for GP2 than pancreatic acinar cells. Future studies need to investigate the potential clinical value in disease specific patient cohorts. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-024-00657-1 SN - 1757-4749 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Saskia M. A1 - Macaulay, Peter J. R. A1 - Baraldsnes, Dziuginta A1 - Brett, Hannah A1 - Paljakka, Antonia T1 - Kooperationen zwischen Elternhaus und Schule bei der Prävention und Intervention bei Mobbing unter Schüler:innen T2 - 53. DGPs-Kongress Wien N2 - Die Forschung zur Prävention und Intervention von Mobbing und Cybermobbing wird sehr häufig vor dem theoretischen Hintergrund sozio-ökologischer Modelle durchgeführt. Die Bedeutung des sozialen Kontexts von Mobbing und somit auch des Handelns von Lehrpersonen bei der Prävention von Mobbing und bei der Intervention bei bestehendem Mobbing steht dabei mittlerweile außer Frage. Ebenso wird immer wieder auf die Notwendigkeit hingewiesen, das Elternhaus bzw. die Sorgeberechtigten in die Anti-Mobbing-Maßnahmen einzubeziehen. Sofern Anti-Mobbing-Programme oder Maßnahmen die Zusammenarbeit von Schule und Familie bzw. von Lehrpersonen und Eltern beinhalten, unterscheiden sich Form, Ausmaß und Qualität der Zusammenarbeit allerdings beträchtlich und reichen beispielsweise vom Versenden von Briefen nach Hause bis hin zum aktiven Einbezug der Eltern in die Mobbingprävention auf Schul-, Klassen- und individueller Ebene. Ziel des vorgestellten systematischen Reviews ist es, Forschungsergebnisse zu identifizieren, die Informationen über die Effektivität und Art der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Elternhaus und Schule bei der Prävention und Intervention von Mobbing und Cybermobbing liefern. Eine systematische Literaturrecherche in relevanten Datenbanken ist bereits abgeschlossen und die Ergebnisse umfassen gemäß der Suchstrategie sowohl qualitative als auch quantitative Studien in englischer und deutscher Sprache. Zum Zeitpunkt der Konferenz werden die Ergebnisse der Volltextanalyse bereits vorliegen und erste Auswertungen präsentiert, die die Struktur der Zusammenarbeit, Hürden und Herausforderungen, rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen und Aspekte der Zusammenarbeit, die eine erfolgreiche Kooperation unterstützen, aufzeigen. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/EUP94 CY - Wien ER -