TY - RPRT A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Peter, St. A1 - Stecklina, Oliver T1 - Decision about Feasibility of IDS Implementation on State of the Art Sensor Nodes Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Peter, St. T1 - tinyDSM: A Highly Reliable Cooperative Data Storage for Wireless Sensor Networks Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Peter, St. A1 - Stecklina, Oliver A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - An Engineering Approach for Secure and Safe Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks for Industrial Automation Systems Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Peter, Steffen A1 - Vater, Frank A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Sicherheits-Engineering am Beispiel von drahtlos angebundenen Sensor/Aktor-Systemen in der Automatisierungstechnik Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Peter, St. A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - In-Network-Aggregation as Case Study for a Support Tool Reducing the Complexity of Designing Secure Wireless Sensor Networks Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vater, Frank A1 - Peter, Steffen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - An On-Chip Security Monitoring Solution for System Clock for Low Cost Devices Y1 - 2008 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242086470_An_On-chip_Security_Monitoring_Solution_For_System_Clock_For_Low_Cost_Devices ER - TY - PAT A1 - Peter, Steffen A1 - Methfessel, Michael A1 - Vater, Frank A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Reduktion von Seiten-Kanal-Informationen durch interagierende Krypto-Blocks Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Peter, S. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof T1 - On Concealed Data Aggregation for Wireless Sensor Networks Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Peter, S. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - An Efficient Polynomial Multiplier GF(2m) and its Application to ECC Designs Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Peter, S. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof T1 - Flexible Hardware Reduction for Elliptic Curve Cryptography in GF (2m) Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Peter, St. A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Nunes, R. A1 - Casaca, A. J. D. T1 - A Middleware Approach to Configure Security in WSN Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Peter, Steffen A1 - Methfessel, Michael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Vater, Frank T1 - Reduktion von Seiten-Kanal-Informationen durch interagierende Krypto-Blocks Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lehniger, Kai A1 - Schölzel, Mario A1 - Jelonek, Jonas A1 - Tabatt, Peter A1 - Aftowicz, Marcin A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Combination of ROP Defense Mechanisms for Better Safety and Security in Embedded Systems T2 - 25th Euromicro Conference on Digital Systems Design (DSD 2022), Maspalomas, Spain, 31 August 2022 - 02 September 2022 Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-7404-7 SN - 978-1-6654-7405-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/DSD57027.2022.00070 SN - 2771-2508 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tabatt, Peter A1 - Jelonek, Jonas A1 - Schölzel, Mario A1 - Lehniger, Kai A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Code Mutation as a Mean Against ROP Attacks for Embedded Systems T2 - 11th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO 2022), Budva, Montenegro, 07-10 June 2022 Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-6828-2 SN - 978-1-6654-6827-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO55406.2022.9797185 SN - 2637-9511 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Maaser, Michael A1 - Spichal, Gregor A1 - Schwander, Peter T1 - Charged Location Aware Services T2 - Wireless Information Systems, Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Wireless Information Systems, WIS 2005 Y1 - 2005 SN - 972-8865-21-X SP - 33 EP - 41 PB - INSTICC Press ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lehniger, Kai A1 - Schölzel, Mario A1 - Tabatt, Peter A1 - Aftowicz, Marcin A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Simplified Control Flow Integrity Method for Permutated Programs T2 - Proc. 32. Crypto-Day Matters 2021, (2021) Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/cdm-2021-32-21 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Peter, St. T1 - How Public Key Cryptography Influences Wireless Sensor Node Lifetime Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Vater, Frank A1 - Jagdhold, Ulrich A1 - Peter, Steffen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Taktüberwachungsschaltung Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Vater, Frank A1 - Peter, Steffen A1 - Jagdhold, Ulrich A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Erweiterter Clock Watchdog Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Vater, Frank A1 - Peter, Steffen A1 - Jagdhold, Ulrich A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Verschlüsselungseinheit Y1 - 2006 UR - https://patents.google.com/patent/DE102006062649A1/de ER - TY - PAT A1 - Peter, S. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Verfahren zur Reduktion eines Polynoms in einem binären finiten Feld Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Peter, St. T1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reduktion eines Polynoms in einem binären finiten Feld, insbesondere im Rahmen einer kryptographischen Anwendung Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Osipov, E. A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Peter, St. A1 - Jardak, C. A1 - Nunes, R. A1 - Grilo, Antonio A1 - Westhoff, D. A1 - Hessler, A. T1 - Scenario Driven Security Analysis and Architecture Driven Requirement Specification Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Peter, Steffen A1 - Lehmann, Martin T1 - Crosslayer Firewall Interaction as a Means to Provide Effective and Efficient Protection at Mobile Devices Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vater, Frank A1 - Peter, Steffen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Combinatorial Logic Circuitry as Means to Protect Low Cost Devices Against Side Channel Attacks Y1 - 2007 UR - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-72354-7_20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peter, S. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof T1 - Public Key Cryptography Empowered Smart Dust is Affordable Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Maaser, Michael A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Peter, St. T1 - Privacy Preserving Techniques: A Survey and Classification Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Casaca, A. J. D. A1 - Westhoff, D. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Peter, St. T1 - Scenario Definition and Initial Threat Analysis Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Dietterle, Daniel A1 - Ebert, Jean-Pierre A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Panic, Goran A1 - Peter, St. A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Kersten, J. A1 - Dombrowski, Kai F. T1 - Feasibility Study Wireless Technologies for NSR applications Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Westhoff, D. A1 - Castelluccia, C. A1 - Peter, St. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Specification of the Advanced Concealed Data Aggregation Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Peter, St. T1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Berechnen einer Polynom-Multiplikation, insbesondere für die elliptische Kurven-Kryptographie Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Twarok, Sven A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - König, Hartmut ED - Kim, Myungchul T1 - Automated Derivation of ILP Implementations from SDL Specifications T2 - Formal techniques for networked and distributed systems, FORTE 2001, IFIP TC6/WG6.1 - 21st International Conference on Formal Techniques for Networked and Distributed Systems, August 28 - 31, 2001, Cheju Island, Korea Y1 - 2001 SN - 0-7923-7470-3 SP - 3 EP - 18 PB - Kluwer CY - Boston [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Kraemer, Rolf T1 - Towards: User Defined Privacy in Location-aware Platforms Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Methfessel, Michael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Frankenfeldt, Horst A1 - Babanskaja, Irina A1 - Matthaei, Irina A1 - Kraemer, Rolf T1 - Optimizing the Cooperation between TCP and Wireless MAC. Proc. Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Buttyan, L. A1 - Gessner, D. A1 - Hessler, A. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Application of Wireless Sensor Networks in Critical Infractructure Protection - Challenges and Design Options Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Dietterle, Daniel A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Protokollbeschleunigermodul mit Paketweiterleitungsfunktion und Betriebsverfahren für einen Senderempfänger zur schnellen Weiterleitung von Datenpaketen Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brzozowski, Marcin A1 - Salomon, H. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - ILA: Idle Listening Avoidance in Scheduled Wireless Sensor Networks Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brzozowski, Marcin A1 - Salomon, H. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - On Efficient Clock Drift Prediction Means and their Applicability to IEEE 802.15.4 Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ortmann, Steffen A1 - Maaser, Michael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Self-Adapting Event Configuration in Ubiquitous Wireless Sensor Networks Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Unifizierter Multiplizierer Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Vater, Frank A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof T1 - Customizing Sensor Nodes and Software for Individual Pervasive Health Applications Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Reinöhl, J. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Ein Weg aus dem Dilemma der oberflächlichen Messsysteme T2 - Ambient assisted living 2008,1. Deutscher Kongress mit Ausstellung, 30.1. - 1.2.2008 in Berlin, Tagungsbandbeiträge Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-3-8007-3076-6 SP - 223 EP - 224 PB - VDE-Verl. CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Grilo, Antonio A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Casaca, A. J. D. T1 - A Wireless Sensor Network Reliable Architecture for Intrusion Detection Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brzozowski, Marcin A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - On Prolonging Sensornode Gataway Lifetime by Adapting its Duty Cycle Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ortmann, Steffen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Enhancing Reliability of Sensor Networks by Fine Tuning Their Event Observation Behavior Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brzozowski, Marcin A1 - Salomon, H. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Completely Distributed Low Duty Cycle Communication for Long-Living Sensor Networks Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Grilo, Antonio A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Casaca, A. J. D. T1 - A Wireless Sensor Network Architecture for Homeland Security Application Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Maaser, Michael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Privacy Guaranteeing Execution Container Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Maaser, Michael A1 - Ortmann, Steffen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - The Privacy Advocate: Assertion of Privacy by Personalised Contracts Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Maaser, Michael A1 - Ortmann, Steffen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - The Privacy Advocate (PrivAd): A Framework for Negotiating Individualized Privacy Contracts Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Winkler, F. A1 - Fischer, E. A1 - Grass, Eckhard A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - An Indoor Localization System Based on DTDOA for Different Wireless LAN Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Area Efficient Hardware Implementation of Elliptic Curve Cryptography by Iteratively Applying Karatsuba's Method Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Deist, C. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Tragfähige Architekturenprinzipien Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Deist, C. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Spezifikation der Anwendung (final) Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Middleware Spezifikation (final) Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lehmann, J. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Abschlußbericht Feldtest, Empfehlungen Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Maass, H. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Zwischenbericht 1. Halbjahr 2005 Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Maass, H. A1 - Falck, T. T1 - PLASMADS: Smart Mobiles Meet Intelligent Environments Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Post, A. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Kraemer, Rolf T1 - Applying Position Prediction as a Means for Performance-Tuning in Location-Aware Platforms Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Kulikowski, D. T1 - Moneta: An Anonymity Providing Lightweight Payment System for Mobile Devices Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kraemer, Rolf A1 - Dombrowski, Kai F. A1 - Dietterle, Daniel A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Methfessel, Michael T1 - Remote Operations: A Middleware and Distributed Systems Architecture for Satellite On-Board Wireless Communication Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lehmann, B. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Ergebnisbericht Wireless Internet - zellular Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Sojka, A. T1 - Implementation of the Secure Middleware Architecture with an Energy Management System Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Pelaez, F. D. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Sojka, A. T1 - FeuerWhere: Sensornetze als Lebensretter Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ortmann, Steffen A1 - Maaser, Michael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - High Level Definition of Event-based Applications for Pervasive Systems Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ortmann, Steffen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Social Networking and Privacy, a Contradiction? Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sojka, A. A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Symbiosis on a Lightweight ECC Security and Distributed Shared Memory in Wireless Sensor Networks Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stecklina, Oliver A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Menzel, Hannes T1 - Towards a Secure Address Space Separation for Low Power Sensor Nodes Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stecklina, Oliver A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Ubiquitous Computing Asks for Ubiquitous Line of Defense Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Unifizierter Multiplizierer Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jenihhin, Maksim A1 - Hamdioui, Said A1 - Sonza-Reorda, Matteo A1 - Krstic, Milos A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Sauer, Christian A1 - Klotz, Anton A1 - Hübner, Michael A1 - Nolte, Jörg A1 - Vierhaus, Heinrich Theodor A1 - Selimis, Georgions A1 - Alexandrescu, Dan A1 - Taouil, Mottaqiallah A1 - Schrijen, Geert-Jan A1 - Sterpone, Luca A1 - Squillero, Giovanni A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Raik, Jaan T1 - RESCUE: Interdependent Challenges of Reliability, Security and Quality in Nanoelectronic Systems T2 - ArXiv.org Y1 - 2019 UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.01561 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Vogel, Elisabeth A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Klann, Dan A1 - Shamilyan, Oxana A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - No Resilience without Security T2 - International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems and Internet-of-Things (CPS & IoT 2020) Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-1-7281-6949-1 SN - 978-1-7281-6950-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO49872.2020.9134179 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Klann, Dan A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - EC P-256: Successful Simple Power Analysis T2 - arXiv Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2106.12321 SP - 1 EP - 5 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alsabbagh, Wael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - A New Injection Threat on S7-1500 PLCs - Disrupting the Physical Process Offline T2 - IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2022.3151528 SN - 2644-1284 IS - 3 SP - 146 EP - 162 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Atomicity and Regularity Principles do not Ensure Full Resistance of ECC Designs against Single-Trace Attacks T2 - Sensors Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083083 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 8 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Brzozowski, Marcin A1 - Panic, Goran A1 - Calligaro, Cristiano A1 - Krstic, Milos A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - On the SCA Resistance of Crypto IP Cores T2 - 23rd IEEE Latin-American Test Symposium (LATS 2022), Montevideo, Uruguay, 05-08 September 2022 Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-5707-1 SN - 978-1-6654-5708-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/LATS57337.2022.9937007 SN - 2373-0862 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shamilyan, Oxana A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Distributed Artificial Intelligence as a Means to Achieve Self-X-Functions for Increasing Resilience: the First Steps T2 - 11th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO), Budva, Montenegro, 07-10 June 2022 Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-6828-2 SN - 978-1-6654-6827-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO55406.2022.9797193 SN - 2637-9511 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lehniger, Kai A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Through the Window: On the Exploitability of Xtensa’s Register Window Overflow T2 - 32nd International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC 2022), Wellington, New Zealand, 30 November 2022 - 02 December 2022 Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-7103-9 SN - 978-1-6654-7104-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITNAC55475.2022.9998407 SN - 2474-154X SP - 353 EP - 358 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shamilyan, Oxana A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Sudakov, Oleksandr A1 - Cherninskyi, Andrii A1 - Brzozowski, Marcin A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Intelligence and Motion Models of Continuum Robots: an Overview T2 - IEEE Access N2 - Many technical solutions are bio-inspired. Octopus-inspired robotic arms belong to continuum robots which are used in minimally invasive surgery or for technical system restoration in areas difficult-to-access. Continuum robot missions are bounded with their motions, whereby the motion of the robots is controlled by humans via wireless communication. In case of a lost connection, robot autonomy is required. Distributed control and distributed decision-making mechanisms based on artificial intelligence approaches can be a promising solution to achieve autonomy of technical systems and to increase their resilience. However these methods are not well investigated yet. Octopuses are the living example of natural distributed intelligence but their learning and decision-making mechanisms are also not fully investigated and understood yet. Our major interest is investigating mechanisms of Distributed Artificial Intelligence as a basis for improving resilience of complex systems. We decided to use a physical continuum robot prototype that is able to perform some basic movements for our research. The idea is to research how a technical system can be empowered to combine movements into sequences of motions by itself. For the experimental investigations a suitable physical prototype has to be selected, its motion control has to be implemented and automated. In this paper, we give an overview combining different fields of research, such as Distributed Artificial Intelligence and continuum robots based on 98 publications. We provide a detailed description of the basic motion control models of continuum robots based on the literature reviewed, discuss different aspects of autonomy and give an overview of physical prototypes of continuum robots. KW - Robots KW - Artificial intelligence KW - Resilience KW - Continuum robots Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3286300 SN - 2169-3536 IS - 11 SP - 60988 EP - 61003 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lehniger, Kai A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Window Canaries: Re-Thinking Stack Canaries for Architectures With Register Windows T2 - IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing N2 - his paper presents Window Canaries, a novel approach to Stack Canaries for architectures with a register window that protects return addresses and stack pointers without the need of adding additional instruction to each potentially vulnerable function. Instead, placement and check of the canary word is moved to window exception handlers that are responsible to handle register window overflows and underflows. The approach offers low performance overhead while guaranteeing that return addresses are protected by stack buffer overflows without relying on a heuristic that decides which functions to instrument. The contributions of this paper are a complete implementation of the approach for the Xtensa LX architecture with register window option as well as a performance evaluation and discussion of advantages and drawbacks. KW - Buffer overflows KW - Computer architecture KW - stack canaries KW - Xtensa architecture Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TDSC.2022.3230748 SN - 1941-0018 SN - 1545-5971 VL - 20 IS - 6 SP - 4637 EP - 4647 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lehniger, Kai A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Through the Window: Exploitation and Countermeasures of the ESP32 Register Window Overflow T2 - Future Internet N2 - With the increasing popularity of IoT (Internet-of-Things) devices, their security becomes an increasingly important issue. Buffer overflow vulnerabilities have been known for decades, but are still relevant, especially for embedded devices where certain security measures cannot be implemented due to hardware restrictions or simply due to their impact on performance. Therefore, many buffer overflow detection mechanisms check for overflows only before critical data are used. All data that an attacker could use for his own purposes can be considered critical. It is, therefore, essential that all critical data are checked between writing a buffer and its usage. This paper presents a vulnerability of the ESP32 microcontroller, used in millions of IoT devices, that is based on a pointer that is not protected by classic buffer overflow detection mechanisms such as Stack Canaries or Shadow Stacks. This paper discusses the implications of vulnerability and presents mitigation techniques, including a patch, that fixes the vulnerability. The overhead of the patch is evaluated using simulation as well as an ESP32-WROVER-E development board. We showed that, in the simulation with 32 general-purpose registers, the overhead for the CoreMark benchmark ranges between 0.1% and 0.4%. On the ESP32, which uses an Xtensa LX6 core with 64 general-purpose registers, the overhead went down to below 0.01%. A worst-case scenario, modeled by a synthetic benchmark, showed overheads up to 9.68%. KW - Xtensa KW - Buffer overflow KW - return-oriented prgramming Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15060217 SN - 1999-5903 VL - 15 IS - 6 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alsabbagh, Wael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Security of Programmable Logic Controllers and Related Systems: Today and Tomorrow T2 - IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society N2 - Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are indispensable in critical infrastructures and industrial control systems. The increasing demand for enhanced cost-effectiveness and production efficiency has driven automation manufacturers to integrate PLC-based applications and systems with external networks, such as Internet. Unfortunately, this connectivity has exposed systems to potential malicious attacks from motivated adversaries. Addressing this pressing issue necessitates a comprehensive summary of ongoing research related to PLCs and their related systems. This summary should classify these systems based on disclosed vulnerabilities, potential threats, and proposed security solutions, catering to both scientists and industrial engineers. While several recent surveys have reviewed and discussed PLC security and related topics, they often fell short of covering all essential aspects comprehensively. Furthermore, prior surveys tended to focus on analyzing vulnerabilities at the system level, overlooking the vulnerabilities specific to PLCs themselves. Consequently, their findings failed to effectively secure current operational systems or propose improved solutions for future PLC designs. In this article, we bridge this research gap by providing a detailed review of all aspects concerning the security of PLCs and related systems. This includes vulnerabilities, potential attacks, and security solutions including digital forensics. We aim to offer a precise analysis, addressing the shortcomings of previous studies. Finally, we conclude this article by presenting our recommendations tailored for PLC manufacturers, researchers, and engineers. We hope that these recommendations will contribute to the development of more secure PLCs in the future. KW - Digital forensics KW - Programmable logic devices KW - Cyberattacks KW - Cybersecurity KW - Microprogramming Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2023.3335976 SN - 2644-1284 IS - 4 SP - 659 EP - 693 ER - TY - THES A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Gestaltung konfigurierbarer Codegeneratoren für die automatische Erzeugung effizienter Protokollimplementierungen Y1 - 2001 SN - 3-8265-8539-9 PB - Shaker CY - Aachen ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Vater, Frank A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Basmer, Thomas A1 - Stecklina, Oliver T1 - Abschlussbericht Trusted Sensor Node Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Martin, Cristian A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Zarrin, Pouya Soltani A1 - Díaz, Manuel A1 - Rubio, Bartolomé T1 - Kafka-ML: Connecting the Data Stream with ML/AI Frameworks T2 - Future Generation Computer Systems Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2021.07.037 SN - 0167-739X VL - 126 SP - 15 EP - 33 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lehniger, Kai A1 - Saad, Abdelaziz A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Finding Gadgets in Incremental Code Updates for Return-Oriented Programming Attacks on Resource-Constrained Devices T2 - Annals of Telecommunications Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-022-00917-8 SN - 0003-4347 VL - 78 SP - 209 EP - 229 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Petryk, Dmytro A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Perez, Eduardo A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Katzer, Jens A1 - Schäffner, Jan A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Sensitivity of HfO2-based RRAM Cells to Laser Irradiation T2 - Microprocessors and Microsystems Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2021.104376 SN - 0141-9331 IS - 87 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Assafo, Maryam A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - A TOPSIS-Assisted Feature Selection Scheme and SOM-Based Anomaly Detection for Milling Tools under Different Operating Conditions T2 - IEEE Access Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3091476 SN - 2169-3536 IS - 9 SP - 90011 EP - 90028 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Klann, Dan A1 - Aftowicz, Marcin A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Resistance of the Montgomery Ladder against Simple SCA: Theory and Practice T2 - Journal of Electronic Testing Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10836-021-05951-3 SN - 1573-0727 SN - 0923-8174 VL - 37 IS - 3 SP - 289 EP - 303 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Klann, Dan A1 - Schäffner, Jan A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - On the Complexity of Attacking Commercial Authentication Products T2 - Microprocessors and Microsystems Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2020.103480 SN - 0141-9331 IS - 80 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Haddadi Esfahani, Ali A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Ortmann, Steffen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Impact of Data Preparation in Freezing of Gait Detection using Feature-Less Recurrent Neural Network T2 - IEEE Access Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3117543 SN - 2169-3536 IS - 9 SP - 138120 EP - 138131 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Vogel, Elisabeth A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Klann, Dan A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Resilience in the Cyber World: Definitions, Features and Models T2 - Future Internet Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13110293 SN - 1999-5903 VL - 13 IS - 11 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lang, Patrick A1 - Haddadi Esfahani, Ali A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter ED - Rehman, Masood Ur T1 - FPGA-based Realtime Detection of Freezing of Gait of Parkinson Patients T2 - Body Area Networks. Smart IoT and Big Data for Intelligent Health Management : 16th EAI International Conference, BODYNETS 2021, Virtual Event, October 25-26, 2021, Proceedings Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-030-95593-9 SN - 978-3-030-95592-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95593-9_9 SN - 1867-8211 SN - 1867-822X SP - 101 EP - 111 PB - Springer International Publishing ER - TY - GEN A1 - Amatov, Batyi A1 - Lehniger, Kai A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Return-Oriented Programming Gadget Catalog for the Xtensa Architecture T2 - 6th International Workshop on Security, Privacy and Trust in the Internet of Things (SPT-IoT 2022) Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-1647-4 SN - 978-1-6654-1648-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/PerComWorkshops53856.2022.9767489 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Aftowicz, Marcin A1 - Lehniger, Kai A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Scalable FPGA Hardware Accelerator for SVM Inference T2 - Proc. 10th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems and Internet-of-Things (CPS&IoT 2022) Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-6828-2 SN - 978-1-6654-6827-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO55406.2022.9797110 SN - 2637-9511 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Petryk, Dmytro A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Sorge, Roland A1 - Schaeffner, Jan A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Optical Fault Injection Attacks against Radiation-Hard Registers T2 - Proc. 24th EUROMICRO Conference on Digital System Design (DSD 2021), Special Session: Architectures and Hardware for Security Applications (AHSA), 371 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2106.07271 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Klann, Dan A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Fast Dual-Field ECDSA Accelerator with Increased Resistance against Horizontal SCA Attacks T2 - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR) Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-6654-0285-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/CSR51186.2021.9527912 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shamilyan, Oxana A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Kuba, Michael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Octopuses: Biological Facts and Technical Solutions T2 - 2021 10th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO) Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-6654-2989-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO52532.2021.9459727 SN - 2637-9511 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alsabbagh, Wael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - A Control Injection Attack against S7 PLCs -Manipulating the Decompiled Code T2 - IECON 2021 – 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-6654-0256-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON48115.2021.9589721 SN - 2577-1647 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Petryk, Dmytro A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Perez, Eduardo A1 - Mahadevaiah, Mamathamba Kalishettyhalli A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Wenger, Christian A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Evaluation of the Sensitivity of RRAM Cells to Optical Fault Injection Attacks T2 - EUROMICRO Conference on Digital System Design (DSD 2020), Special Session: Architecture and Hardware for Security Applications (AHSA) Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-7281-9535-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/DSD51259.2020.00047 SN - 978-1-7281-9536-0 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Petryk, Dmytro A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Sensitivity of Standard Library Cells to Optical Fault Injection Attacks in IHP 250 nm Technology T2 - Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO 2020) Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-1-7281-6949-1 SN - 978-1-7281-6947-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO49872.2020.9134146 SN - 2637-9511 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brzozowski, Marcin A1 - Salomon, H. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Limiting End-to-End Delays in Long-Lasting Sensor Networks Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lehniger, Kai A1 - Aftowicz, Marcin A1 - Schölzel, Mario A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Coarse-Grained Control Flow Integrity Check for Processors with Sliding Register Windows T2 - 12th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO) Y1 - 2023 SN - 979-8-3503-2291-0 SN - 979-8-3503-2290-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10154928 SN - 2637-9511 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alsabbagh, Wael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - No Need to be Online to Attack - Exploiting S7-1500 PLCs by Time-Of-Day Block T2 - Proc. 28th International Conference on Information, Communication and Automation Technologies (ICAT 2022), arajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 16-18 June 2022 Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-6692-9 SN - 978-1-6654-6691-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAT54566.2022.9811147 SN - 2643-1858 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alsabbagh, Wael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter ED - Jasperneite, Jürgen ED - Lohweg, Volker T1 - A Remote Attack Tool on Siemens S7-300 Controllers: Practical Report T2 - Kommunikation und Bildverarbeitung in der Automation : Ausgewählte Beiträge der Jahreskolloquien KommA und BVAu 2020 Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-662-64282-5 SN - 978-3-662-64283-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64283-2_1 SN - 2522-8579 SP - 3 EP - 21 PB - Springer Vieweg CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Brzozowski, Marcin A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Casaca, Augusto A1 - Grilo, Antonio A1 - Diaz, Manuel A1 - Martín, Cristian A1 - Camacho, Jose A1 - Landi, Giada T1 - UNITE: Integrated IoT-Edge-Cloud Continuum T2 - 2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), Yokohama, 26 October 2022 - 11 November 2022 Japan Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-9153-2 SN - 978-1-6654-9154-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152292 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ortmann, Steffen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - The Impact of Social Networks on User Privacy - What Social Networks Really Learn about their Users Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ortmann, Steffen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - A Telemedicine System for Improved Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Saad, AbdElaziz AbdElaal A1 - Lehniger, Kai A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Incremental Code Updates Exploitation as a Basis for Return Oriented Programming Attacks on Resource-Constrained Devices T2 - 5th Cyber Security in Networking Conference (CSNet 2021), (2021) Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-6654-0723-6 SN - 978-1-6654-0722-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/CSNet52717.2021.9614275 SN - 2768-0029 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sosa, Omar Alejandro A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Cryptographic ICs: Simulation of Electromagnetic Radiation T2 - Proc. 33rd Crypto-Day Matters 2021, (2021) Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/cdm-2021-33-13 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Klann, Dan A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Breaking of an Open Source Fully Balanced Elliptic Curve Design using Automated Simple SCA T2 - Proc. 32. Crypto-Day Matters 2021, (2021) Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/cdm-2021-32-23 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Petryk, Dmytro A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Optical Fault Injection Attacks: Single-Mode versus Multi-Mode Laser T2 - Proc. 33rd Crypto-Day Matters 2021, (2021) Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/cdm-2021-33-23 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Klann, Dan A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Efficient Implementation of Unified ECC Accelerators based on the Karatsuba Multiplication Method T2 - Proc. 32. Crypto-Day Matters 2021, (2021) Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/cdm-2021-32-24 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Aftowicz, Marcin A1 - Klann, Dan A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Extended Horizontal SCA Attack using Clustering Algorithm T2 - Proc. 32. Crypto-Day Matters 2021, (2021) Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/cdm-2021-32-25 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Petryk, Dmytro A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Laser Fault Injection Attacks against IHP Chips T2 - Proc. 32. Crypto-Day Matters 2021, (2021) Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/cdm-2021-32-22 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sosa, Omar Alejandro A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Simulation of Electromagnetic Emanation of Cryptographic ICs: Tools, Methods, Problems T2 - 19th IEEE East-West Design & Test Symposium (EWDTS 2021), 12 (2021) Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-6654-4504-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/EWDTS52692.2021.9581013 SN - 2472-761X ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Klann, Dan A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Multiplier as a Mean for Reducing Vulnerability of Atomic Patterns to Horizontal Address-Bit Attacks T2 - 2021 10th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO) Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-6654-2989-4 SN - 978-1-6654-3912-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO52532.2021.9460158 SN - 2377-5475 SN - 2637-9511 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Aftowicz, Marcin A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Clustering versus Statistical Analysis for SCA: when Machine Learning is Better T2 - 2021 10th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO) Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-6654-2989-4 SN - 978-1-6654-3912-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO52532.2021.9460161 SN - 2377-5475 SN - 2637-9511 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alsabbagh, Wael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - A Fully-Blind False Data Injection on PROFINET I/O Systems T2 - 2021 IEEE 30th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-7281-9024-2 SN - 978-1-7281-9023-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE45552.2021.9576496 SN - 2163-5145 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alsabbagh, Wael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Patch Now and Attack Later - Exploiting S7 PLCs by Time-Of-Day Block T2 - 2021 4th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS) Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-6654-3045-6 SN - 978-1-7281-6207-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS49255.2021.9468226 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alsabbagh, Wael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - A Stealth Program Injection Attack against S7-300 PLCs T2 - 2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-7281-5731-3 SN - 978-1-7281-5730-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT46573.2021.9453483 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Frohberg, Max A1 - Weidling, Stefan A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Challenges in Developing a Wireless Sensor Network for an Agricultural Monitoring and Decision System T2 - Selected Papers from the 12th International Networking Conference, INC 2020 Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-64757-5 SN - 978-3-030-64760-5 SN - 978-3-030-64758-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64758-2_16 SN - 2367-3370 SP - 224 EP - 240 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Klann, Dan A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - EC Scalar Multiplication: Successful Simple Address-Bit SCA Attack against Atomic Patterns T2 - IEEE 22nd Latin American Test Symposium (LATS) Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-6654-2058-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/LATS53581.2021.9651877 SN - 2373-0862 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Klann, Dan A1 - Aftowicz, Marcin A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - FFT based Horizontal SCA Attack against ECC T2 - 2021 11th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS) Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-6654-4400-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/NTMS49979.2021.9432665 SN - 2157-4960 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof T1 - More Privacy in Context-aware Platforms: User Controlled Access Right Delegation Using Kerberos Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Maaser, Michael T1 - Charged Location Aware Services: A Privacy Analysis T2 - International Conference on Mobile Business, ICMB 2005, July 11 - 13, 2005, Crowne Plaza Darling Harbour, Sydney, Australia Y1 - 2005 SN - 0-7695-2367-6 SP - 116 EP - 120 PB - IEEE Computer Society CY - Los Alamitos, Calif. [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Privacy and Convenient Up Time of Mobile Devices: An Antagonism? Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Adam, Sebastian T1 - A Graphical Tool for Specification, Rapid Prototyping and Implementation of Location Based Services Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Winkler, F. A1 - Meffert, B. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Fischer, E. T1 - Indoor Localization based on Wireless LAN Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Maaser, Michael T1 - Geschütztes Ausführen einer Datenverarbeitungsanwendung eines Diensteanbieters für einen Nutzer durch eine vertrauenswürdige Ausführungsumgebung Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Methfessel, Michael A1 - Dombrowski, Kai F. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Frankenfeldt, Horst A1 - Babanskaja, Irina A1 - Matthaei, Irina A1 - Kraemer, Rolf T1 - Vertical Optimization of Data Transmission for Mobile Wireless Terminals Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Kraemer, Rolf A1 - König, Hartmut T1 - Evaluation of Well-Known Protocol Implementation Techniques for Application in Wireless Networks JF - The Journal of Supercomputing Y1 - 2001 SN - 0920-8542 VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 161 EP - 173 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Maaser, Michael A1 - Nowak, Stefan A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Automated Mapping of MAC Parameters into Generic QoS Parameters by Inter-MAC Adaptors Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ortmann, Steffen A1 - Maaser, Michael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Adaptive Pruning of Event Decision Trees for Energy Efficient Collaboration in Event Driven WSN Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Maaser, Michael T1 - Privacy Guaranteeing Execution Containers: One Time use of Personal Data by Location Based Services Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ortmann, Steffen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Maaser, Michael T1 - Enhancing Privacy by Applying Information Flow Modelling in Pervasive Systems Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ortmann, Steffen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Maaser, Michael T1 - A Self-Configuring Privacy Management Architecture for Pervasive Systems Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Maaser, Michael A1 - Ortmann, Steffen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - NEPP: Negotiation Enhancements for Privacy Policies Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Maaser, Michael T1 - A Distributed Privacy Enforcement Architecture Based on Kerberos Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Lehmann, Martin A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof T1 - Efficient Protection of Mobile Devices by Cross Layer Interaction of Firewall Approaches Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Maaser, Michael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Automated Negotiation of Privacy Contracts Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Lehmann, Martin T1 - Implementation Independent Profiling of SDL Specifications Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Wireless sensor and actuator networks for critical infrastructure protection Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ortmann, Steffen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Kornemann, Stephan T1 - WiSec 2011 Demo: Demonstrating Self-Contained on-node Counter Measures for Various Jamming Attacks in WSN Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Maye, Oliver A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Sorge, R. A1 - Winkler, R. A1 - Kraemer, Rolf T1 - Plasma - A Middleware for Location-Based Services: Design, Implementations and Lessons Learned Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Tsaoussidis, V. T1 - Some Open Issues on Internetworking for the Next Generation Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kulikowski, D. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof T1 - A Location Aware Revocation Approach Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vater, Frank A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - An Area Efficient Realization of AES for Wireless Devices Y1 - 2007 UR - https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1524/itit.2007.49.3.188/html ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Maye, Oliver A1 - Dyka, Zoya T1 - Protecting Privacy in E-Cash Schemes by Securing Hidden Identity Approaches against Stochastic Attacks Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ortmann, Steffen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Maaser, Michael T1 - Adaptive Pervasive Systems to Multiuser Privacy Requirements Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Methfessel, Michael A1 - Frankenfeldt, Horst A1 - Babanskaja, Irina A1 - Matthaei, Irina A1 - Kraemer, Rolf T1 - Shielding TCP from Wireless Link Errors: Retransmission Effort and Fragmentation Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Branki, C. A1 - Cross, B. A1 - Diaz, G. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Laux, F. A1 - Ortiz, G. A1 - Randles, M. A1 - Taleb-Bendiab, A. A1 - Teuteberg, F. A1 - Unland, R. A1 - Wanner, G. T1 - Techniques and Applications for Mobile Commerce Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-1-58603-826-7 PB - Amsterdam : IOS Press ER - TY - GEN A1 - Harju, J. A1 - Heijenk, G. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Siris, V. A. T1 - Wired / Wireless Internet Communications Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-3-540-68805-1 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Shen, S. A1 - Lin, C. A1 - Sun, Yaoming A1 - Pan, J. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Cao, Z. T1 - Wireless Network Security Y1 - 2006 SN - 1530-8669 PB - Wiley ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Panic, Goran A1 - Sojka, A. A1 - Grilo, Antonio A1 - Barreiros d'Almeida Pereira, P. R. T1 - Specification and Testing of the Secure Middleware Architecture with an Energy Management System Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Castelluccia, C. A1 - Westhoff, D. T1 - Specification of an IDS Scheme and Secure Code Attestation Protocol for WSAN Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Dietterle, Daniel A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Protokollbeschleunigermodul mit Paketweiterleitungsfunktion und Betriebsverfahren für einen Senderempfänger zur schnellen Weiterleitung von Datenpaketen Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Kornemann, Stephan T1 - Implementation of an IDS Scheme and Secure Code Attestation Protocol for WSAN Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Vater, Frank A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Basmer, Thomas A1 - Stecklina, Oliver T1 - User Manual Trusted Sensor Node Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Tuinenbreijer, K. A1 - Marchesani, R. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Dallas, A. A1 - Leligou, N. A1 - Redondo, L. A1 - Torre, E. de la A1 - Lippert, P. A1 - Berekovic, M. T1 - Set of Representative WSN Application Domains Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Hiebel, St. A1 - Maaser, Michael A1 - Nowak, St. T1 - Djamal-Eddine Meddour: OMEGA common semantic, Deliverable 5.1, 2008 Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Maaser, Michael T1 - Geschütztes Ausführen einer Datenverarbeitungsanwendung eines Diensteanbieters für einen Nutzer durch eine vertrauenswürdige Ausführungsumgebung Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Maaser, Michael T1 - White Paper WG5 Services and Applications: Middleware Platforms for Heterogeneous Distributed Systems Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Westhoff, D. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Piotrowski, Krzysztof A1 - Poschmann, A. T1 - Specification, Implementation and Simulation of Secure Distributed Data Storage Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Dyka, Zoya T1 - Area Efficient Hardware Implementation of Elliptic Curve Cryptography by Iteratively Applying Karatsuba's Method Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Falck, T. A1 - Maass, H. A1 - Weidenhaupt, K. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Verfahren zum schrittweisen Austausch persönlicher Informationen in non-trusted Peer-to-Peer Umgebungen Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Vater, Frank A1 - Maye, Oliver A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Kraemer, Rolf T1 - Efficient Implementations of Cryptographic Routines - A Review and Performance Analysis of Various Approaches Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alsabbagh, Wael A1 - Amogbonjaye, Samuel A1 - Urrego, Diego A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - A Stealthy False Command Injection Attack on Modbus based SCADA Systems T2 - 20th Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC), (2023) N2 - Modbus is a widely-used industrial protocol in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems for different purposes such as controlling remote devices, monitoring physical processes, data acquisition, etc. Unfortunately, such a protocol lacks security means i.e., authentication, integrity, and confidentiality. This has exposed industrial plants using the Modbus protocol and made them attractive to malicious adversaries who could perform various kinds of cyber-attacks causing significant consequences as Stuxnet showed. In this paper, we exploit the insecurity of the Modbus protocol and perform a stealthy false command injection scenario concealing our injection from the SCADA operator. Our attack approach is comprised of two main phases: 1) Pre-attack phase (offline) where an attacker sniffs, collects and stores sufficient valid request-response pairs in a database, 2) Attack phase (online) where the attacker performs false command injection and conceals his injection by replaying a valid response from his database upon each request sent from the HMI user. Such a scenario is quite severe and might cause disastrous damages in SCADA systems and critical infrastructures if it is successfully implemented by malicious adversaries. Finally, we suggest some appropriate mitigation solutions to prevent such a serious threat. KW - Performance evaluation KW - SCADA systems KW - Command Injection Attacks KW - Industrial plants Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-6654-9734-3 SN - 978-1-6654-9735-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC51644.2023.10059804 SN - 2331-9860 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Förster, Benjamin A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Hinze, Thomas T1 - Determining Distributions of Security Means for Wireless Sensor Networks based on the Model of a Neighbourhood Watch T2 - arXiv N2 - Neighbourhood watch is a concept that allows a community to distribute a complex security task in between all members. Members of the community carry out individual security tasks to contribute to the overall security of it. It reduces the workload of a particular individual while securing all members and allowing them to carry out a multitude of security tasks. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of resource-constraint independent battery driven computers as nodes communicating wirelessly. Security in WSNs is essential. Without sufficient security, an attacker is able to eavesdrop the communication, tamper monitoring results or deny critical nodes providing their service in a way to cut off larger network parts. The resource-constraint nature of sensor nodes prevents them from running full-fledged security protocols. Instead, it is necessary to assess the most significant security threats and implement specialised protocols. A neighbourhood-watch inspired distributed security scheme for WSNs has been introduced by Langend\"orfer. Its goal is to increase the variety of attacks a WSN can fend off. A framework of such complexity has to be designed in multiple steps. Here, we introduce an approach to determine distributions of security means on large-scale static homogeneous WSNs. Therefore, we model WSNs as undirected graphs in which two nodes connected iff they are in transmission range. The framework aims to partition the graph into $n$ distinct security means resulting in the targeted distribution. The underlying problems turn out to be NP hard and we attempt to solve them using linear programs (LPs). To evaluate the computability of the LPs, we generate large numbers of random {\lambda}-precision unit disk graphs (UDGs) as representation of WSNs. For this purpose, we introduce a novel {\lambda}-precision UDG generator to model WSNs with a minimal distance in between nodes. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2212.09050 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Förster, Benjamin A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Hinze, Thomas T1 - Novel Approach to a Plant Inspired Distributed Security Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks T2 - 12th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO), Budva, Montenegro, 2023 N2 - Energy efficiency is a key factor for the longevity of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Most representatives of the plants have evolved to be highly energy-efficient in their survival strategies, despite their limited resources. Plants have to deal with a variety of threats originating from different herbivores and microbial pathogens while handling a number of abiotic stress factors. For plants and WSNs, different defence mechanisms impose different fitness costs and therefore the costs and benefits have to be well-balanced. This way, plants are able to not only conquer a large variety of different attacks but also handle several different simultaneous attacks adequately. To react early and adapt to upcoming threats, plants within a network are capable of signalling each other within a certain distance about ongoing attacks. The biological strategies of plants in terms of signalling and defence, as well as their energy and resource limitations, share significant similarities with WSNs. This study aims to explore these similarities and demonstrates the correspondence between the biological concepts and WSNs. Additionally, we present a novel approach to enhancing security in WSNs through a cooperative distributed security scheme inspired by key factors of plant defence mechanisms, with the goal of reducing the energy constraints and maximising the longevity of the network. KW - Wireless sensor networks KW - Pathogens KW - Embedded computing KW - Cyber-physical systems Y1 - 2023 SN - 979-8-3503-2291-0 SN - 979-8-3503-2290-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10154949 SN - 2637-9511 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alsabbagh, Wael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - You Are What You Attack: Breaking the Cryptographically-Protected S7 Protocol T2 - 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS), (2023) N2 - S7 protocol defines an appropriate format for exchanging messages between SIMATIC S7 PLCs and their corresponding engineering software i.e., TIA Portal. Recently, Siemens has provided its newer PLC models and their proprietary S7 protocols with a very developed and sophisticated integrity check mechanism to protect them from various exploits e.g., replay attacks. This paper addresses exactly this point, and investigates the security of the most developed integrity check mechanism that the newest S7CommPlus protocol version implements. Our results showed that the latest S7 PLC models as well as their related protocols are still vulnerable. We found that adversaries can manipulate two hashes that play a significant role in generating keys and bytes for the encryption processes implemented in the S7CommPlus protocol. This allows to reproduce S7 packets and conduct several attacks that eventually impact the operation of the target PLC and the entire physical process it controls. To validate our findings, we test all the attack scenarios presented in this work on a cryptographically protected S7 PLC from the 1500 family which uses the S7CommPlusV3 protocol. KW - Protocols KW - Process control KW - S7 Protocol KW - Industrial Control Systems Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-6654-6432-1 SN - 978-1-6654-6433-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS57264.2023.10144251 SN - 2835-8414 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Kornemann, Stephan A1 - Alsabbagh, Wael A1 - Hermann, Erik T1 - Information Security: The Cornerstone for Surviving the Digital Wild T2 - The Future of Smart Production for SMEs: A Methodological and Practical Approach Towards Digitalization in SMEs N2 - In this chapter we are discussing the very basics in the sense of how to prepare your company with respect to security. The essential issues are a proper information security governance framework that takes into account the managerial and organizational issues as well as proper technical means. For the latter we introduce network separation as this is one of the prime means to protect your production network from network based attacks. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-031-15428-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15428-7_29 SP - 335 EP - 341 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sigourou, Alkistis A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Sklavos, Nicolas A1 - Dyka, Zoya T1 - Successful Simple Side Channel Analysis: Vulnerability of an Atomic Pattern kP Algorithm Implemented with a Constant Time Crypto Library to Simple Electromagnetic Analysis Attacks T2 - 12th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO 2023), 167 (2023) Y1 - 2023 SN - 979-8-3503-2291-0 SN - 979-8-3503-2290-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10154940 SN - 2637-9511 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Randomized Addressing Countermeasures are Inefficient against Address-Bit SCA T2 - IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR 2023), 580 (2023) Y1 - 2023 SN - 979-8-3503-1170-9 SN - 979-8-3503-1171-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/CSR57506.2023.10224968 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alsabbagh, Wael A1 - Kim, Chaerin A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Good Night, and Good Luck: A Control Logic Injection Attack on OpenPLC T2 - Proc. 49th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2023), (2023) Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32913.20321 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alsabbagh, Wael A1 - Kim, Chaerin A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - No Attacks Are Available: Securing the OpenPLC and Related Systems T2 - 8th GI/ACM Workshop on Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS WS 2023), 2085 (2023) N2 - The use of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) expands in industrial domains, which makes ensuring the security of Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) become paramount. The OpenPLC project, the first open-source initiative, provides flexible and cost-effective PLC solutions to build up affordable test-beds, as well as conduct experiments and academic researches. This project has wildly grown in the last few years, thus it is essential to address the most emerging security challenges it encounters. This paper introduces a new OpenPLC architecture, called OpenPLC Aqua, provided with a set of security solutions designed specifically to overcome the vulnerabilities that the current OpenPLC versions are prone to. The new OpenPLC architecture includes four security features: 1) user credentials encryption, securing the Webserver, Whitelisting and secure SSL/TLS communication channel. The OpenPLC Aqua software was tested against several attack scenarios, that were feasible against the old OpenPLC versions. Our experimental results showed our enhanced OpenPLC software is secure and resistant against several attack scenarios e.g., authentication, injection, Man-in-the-Middle and replay attacks. The OpenPLC Aqua is publicly available and a proof of concept demo is also published with this paper. KW - OpenPLC KW - Seucrity Solutions KW - Industrial Control Systems KW - Mitigation Solutions Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.24570.47043 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Langendörfer, Peter A1 - Dyka, Zoya T1 - Vulnerability of Atomic Patterns to Simple SCA T2 - 19th IEEE East-West Design & Test Symposium (EWDTS 2023), (2023) N2 - In this work we discuss the vulnerability of atomic pattern algorithms for elliptic curve point multiplication against simple side-channel analysis attacks using our own implementation as an example. One of the assumptions, on which the atomicity principle is based, is the indistinguishability of operations with different registers, i.e. storing of the data into two different registers cannot be distinguished if their old and new data values are the same. But before the data can be stored in a register/block, this register/block has to be addressed for storing the data. Different registers/blocks have different addresses. The key-dependent addressing of registers/blocks is an inherent feature of the binary kP algorithms and allows to reveal the key k. In our work we demonstrated it. This means that the main assumption, that addressing of different registers/blocks is an indistinguishable operation, may no longer be applied when realizing kP implementations, at least not for hardware implementations. KW - Elliptic curves KW - NIST KW - Elliptic curve cryptography KW - Atomicity principle KW - Side-channel Analysis (SCA) KW - Simple Power Analysis (SPA) KW - Horizontal attacks KW - Address-bit attacks Y1 - 2023 SN - 979-8-3503-1484-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/EWDTS59469.2023.10297074 SN - 2472-761X ER - TY - GEN A1 - Haddadi Esfahani, Ali A1 - Maye, Oliver A1 - Frohberg, Max A1 - Speh, Maria A1 - Jöbges, Michael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Machine Learning based Real Time Detection of Freezing of Gait of Parkinson Patients Running on a Body Worn Device T2 - IEEE/ACM international conference on Connected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies (CHASE 2023), 181 (2023) N2 - For those who have Parkinson's disease, one of the most incapacitating symptoms is Freezing of Gait (FOG). Gait impairment and disruptions limit everyday activities and reduce quality of daily life along with the increase in the risk of falling [1]. Thanks to recent advancement in embedded electronics and sensors as well as their adaptation in the wearable device market, low power devices are becoming more and more capable running neural networks. This enables researchers to implement complex models on wearable devices that capture and analyze sensor data to detect FOGin real-time. KW - Parkinson's disease KW - Wearable computers KW - Neural networks KW - Machine learning KW - Real-time systems Y1 - 2023 SN - 979-8-4007-0102-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3580252.3589423 SN - 2832-2975 SP - 181 EP - 182 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Aftowicz, Marcin A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Non-Profiled Unsupervised Horizontal Iterative Attack against Hardware Elliptic Curve Scalar Multiplication Using Machine Learning T2 - Future Internet N2 - While IoT technology makes industries, cities, and homes smarter, it also opens the door to security risks. With the right equipment and physical access to the devices, the attacker can leverage side-channel information, like timing, power consumption, or electromagnetic emanation, to compromise cryptographic operations and extract the secret key. This work presents a side channel analysis of a cryptographic hardware accelerator for the Elliptic Curve Scalar Multiplication operation, implemented in a Field-Programmable Gate Array and as an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit. The presented framework consists of initial key extraction using a state-of-the-art statistical horizontal attack and is followed by regularized Artificial Neural Networks, which take, as input, the partially incorrect key guesses from the horizontal attack and correct them iteratively. The initial correctness of the horizontal attack, measured as the fraction of correctly extracted bits of the secret key, was improved from 75% to 98% by applying the iterative learning. KW - side channel analysis KW - machine learning KW - horizontal attack KW - non-profiled attack KW - FPGA KW - ASIC Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16020045 SN - 1999-5903 VL - 16 IS - 2 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Natarov, Roman A1 - Sudakov, Oleksandr A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Maksymyuk, O. A1 - Iegorova, O. A1 - Krishtal, Oleg A. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Resilience Aspects in Distributed Wireless Electroencephalographic Sampling T2 - 2020 9th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO) Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-1-7281-6949-1 SN - 978-1-7281-6947-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO49872.2020.9134157 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Assafo, Maryam A1 - Städter, Jost Philipp A1 - Meisel, Tenia A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - On the Stability and Homogeneous Ensemble of Feature Selection for Predictive Maintenance: A Classification Application for Tool Condition Monitoring in Milling T2 - Sensors N2 - Feature selection (FS) represents an essential step for many machine learning-based predictive maintenance (PdM) applications, including various industrial processes, components, and monitoring tasks. The selected features not only serve as inputs to the learning models but also can influence further decisions and analysis, e.g., sensor selection and understandability of the PdM system. Hence, before deploying the PdM system, it is crucial to examine the reproducibility and robustness of the selected features under variations in the input data. This is particularly critical for real-world datasets with a low sample-to-dimension ratio (SDR). However, to the best of our knowledge, stability of the FS methods under data variations has not been considered yet in the field of PdM. This paper addresses this issue with an application to tool condition monitoring in milling, where classifiers based on support vector machines and random forest were employed. We used a five-fold cross-validation to evaluate three popular filter-based FS methods, namely Fisher score, minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR), and ReliefF, in terms of both stability and macro-F1. Further, for each method, we investigated the impact of the homogeneous FS ensemble on both performance indicators. To gain broad insights, we used four (2:2) milling datasets obtained from our experiments and NASA’s repository, which differ in the operating conditions, sensors, SDR, number of classes, etc. For each dataset, the study was conducted for two individual sensors and their fusion. Among the conclusions: (1) Different FS methods can yield comparable macro-F1 yet considerably different FS stability values. (2) Fisher score (single and/or ensemble) is superior in most of the cases. (3) mRMR’s stability is overall the lowest, the most variable over different settings (e.g., sensor(s), subset cardinality), and the one that benefits the most from the ensemble. KW - classification KW - feature selection KW - homogeneous feature selection ensemble KW - predictive maintenance KW - milling KW - sensor fusion KW - stability of feature selection KW - tool condition monitoring Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094461 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 23 IS - 9 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alsabbagh, Wael A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - A Flashback on Control Logic Injection Attacks against Programmable Logic Controllers T2 - Automation N2 - Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) make up a substantial part of critical infrastructures (CIs) and industrial control systems (ICSs). They are programmed with a control logic that defines how to drive and operate critical processes such as nuclear power plants, petrochemical factories, water treatment systems, and other facilities. Unfortunately, these devices are not fully secure and are prone to malicious threats, especially those exploiting vulnerabilities in the control logic of PLCs. Such threats are known as control logic injection attacks. They mainly aim at sabotaging physical processes controlled by exposed PLCs, causing catastrophic damage to target systems as shown by Stuxnet. Looking back over the last decade, many research endeavors exploring and discussing these threats have been published. In this article, we present a flashback on the recent works related to control logic injection attacks against PLCs. To this end, we provide the security research community with a new systematization based on the attacker techniques under three main attack scenarios. For each study presented in this work, we overview the attack strategies, tools, security goals, infected devices, and underlying vulnerabilities. Based on our analysis, we highlight the current security challenges in protecting PLCs from such severe attacks and suggest security recommendations for future research directions. KW - industrial control system KW - programmable logic controller KW - control logic injection attack KW - program injection KW - program modification Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/automation3040030 SN - 2673-4052 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 596 EP - 621 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Natarov, Roman A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Bohovyk, R. A1 - Fedoriuk, M. A1 - Isaev, Dmytro S. A1 - Sudakov, Oleksandr A1 - Maksymyuk, O. A1 - Krishtal, Oleg A. A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Artefacts in EEG Signals Epileptic Seizure Prediction using Edge Devices T2 - International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems and Internet-of-Things (CPS & IoT 2020) Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-1-7281-6949-1 SN - 978-1-7281-6950-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO49872.2020.9134076 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mykytyn, Pavlo A1 - Kabin, Ievgen A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Ensuring a Secure Communication Between a GCS and a UAV via the MAVlink Protocol T2 - Proc. 33rd Crypto-Day Matters 2021, (2021) Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/cdm-2021-33-21 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Assafo, Maryam A1 - Lautsch, Martin A1 - Suawa, Priscile Fogou A1 - Jongmanns, Marcel A1 - Hübner, Michael A1 - Reichenbach, Marc A1 - Brockmann, Carsten A1 - Reinhardt, Denis A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - The ForTune Toolbox: Building Solutions for Condition-Based and Predictive Maintenance Focusing on Retrofitting Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8007-6204-0 SN - 978-3-8007-6203-3 N1 - Poster, Tagungsband MikroSystemTechnik Kongress 2023, Dresden, 23. - 25. Oktober 2023 SP - S. 541 PB - VDE Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mykytyn, Pavlo A1 - Brzozowski, Marcin A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Jamming Detection for IR-UWB Ranging Technology in Autonomous UAV Swarms T2 - 2021 10th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO) Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-6654-2989-4 SN - 978-1-6654-3912-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO52532.2021.9460250 SN - 2637-9511 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mykytyn, Pavlo A1 - Brzozowski, Marcin A1 - Dyka, Zoya A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - GPS-Spoofing Attack Detection Mechanism for UAV Swarms T2 - 12th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO) Y1 - 2023 SN - 979-8-3503-2290-3 SN - 979-8-3503-2291-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO58584.2023.10154998 SN - 2637-9511 ER -