TY - GEN A1 - Fei, Tai A1 - Mukhopadhyay, Subhas A1 - Da Costa, João Paulo Javidi A1 - Gardill, Markus A1 - Liu, Shengheng A1 - Roychaudhuri, Chirasree A1 - Lan, Lan A1 - Demitri, Nevine T1 - Guest editorial special issue on smartness and robustness of spatial environment perception in automated systems T2 - IEEE Sensors Journal N2 - As the curtains close on this special issue dedicated to advanced sensor research, we reflect on the critical role sensor technology plays in the future of automation. Throughout this issue, we have explored significant advancements and ongoing challenges in developing intelligent, resilient automated systems. A key theme is the vital need for smarter, more robust sensing systems. Modern sensors, now more adaptable, adjust their operations based on external changes, crucial for maximizing automation in varied real-world situations. Efforts to enhance sensor robustness have produced improvements in performance in extreme conditions, cybersecurity, cost-effective solutions, and flexible system requirements while preserving performance. The addition of self-monitoring and calibration features allows for continuous refinement of sensor accuracy and rapid problem detection, boosting system reliability. The capacity for seamlessly integrating alternative technologies when specific sensors fail further strengthens system resilience. This issue includes 33 manuscripts selected from 65 submissions, exploring these diverse aspects. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3409137 SN - 1558-1748 VL - 24 IS - 14 SP - 21800 EP - 21800 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Thompson, Corinne N. A1 - Zelner, Jonathan L. A1 - Nhu, Tran Do Hoang A1 - Phan, Vu Tra My A1 - Phuc, Hoang Le A1 - Hung, Nguyen Thanh A1 - Duong, Vu Thuy A1 - Ngoc, Minh Nguyen A1 - Tuan, Ha Manh A1 - Tu, Van Hoang Minh A1 - Vi, Lu Lan A1 - Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh A1 - Hien, Tran Tinh A1 - Clemm, Emmiliese von A1 - Storch, Harry A1 - Thwaites, Guy A1 - Grenfell, Bryan T. A1 - Baker, Stephen T1 - The impact of environmental and climatic variation on the spatiotemporal trends of hospitalized pediatric diarrhea in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam T2 - Health & Place N2 - It is predicted that the integration of climate-based early warning systems into existing action plans will facilitate the timely provision of interventions to diarrheal disease epidemics in resource-poor settings. Diarrhea remains a considerable public health problem in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam and we aimed to quantify variation in the impact of environmental conditions on diarrheal disease risk across the city. Using all inpatient diarrheal admissions data from three large hospitals within HCMC, we developed a mixed effects regression model to differentiate district-level variation in risk due to environmental conditions from the overarching seasonality of diarrheal disease hospitalization in HCMC. We identified considerable spatial heterogeneity in the risk of all-cause diarrhea across districts of HCMC with low elevation and differential responses to flooding, air temperature, and humidity driving further spatial heterogeneity in diarrheal disease risk. The incorporation of these results into predictive forecasting algorithms will provide a powerful resource to aid diarrheal disease prevention and control practices in HCMC and other similar settings. Y1 - 2015 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353829215001094 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.08.001 SN - 1353-8292 IS - 35 SP - 147 EP - 154 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rutz, Lukas A1 - Gao, Lan A1 - Küpper, Jan-Heiner A1 - Schrenk, Dieter T1 - Structure-dependent genotoxic potencies of selected pyrrolizidine alkaloids in metabolically competent HepG2 cells T2 - Archives of Toxicology N2 - 1,2-unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are natural plant constituents comprising more than 600 different structures. A major source of human exposure is thought to be cross-contamination of food, feed and phytomedicines with PA plants. In humans, laboratory and farm animals, certain PAs exert pronounced liver toxicity and can induce malignant liver tumors in rodents. Here, we investigated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of eleven PAs belonging to different structural classes. Although all PAs were negative in the fluctuation Ames test in Salmonella, they were cytotoxic and induced micronuclei in human HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells over-expressing human cytochrome P450 3A4. Lasiocarpine and cyclic diesters except monocrotaline were the most potent congeners both in cytotoxicity and micronucleus assays with concentrations below 3 μM inducing a doubling in micronuclei counts. Other open di-esters and all monoesters exhibited weaker or much weaker geno- and cytotoxicity. The findings were in agreement with recently suggested interim Relative Potency (iREP) factors with the exceptions of europine and monocrotaline. A more detailed micronuclei analysis at low concentrations of lasiocarpine, retrorsine or senecionine indicated that pronounced hypolinearity of the concentration–response curves was evident for retrorsine and senecionine but not for lasiocarpine. Our findings show that the genotoxic and cytotoxic potencies of PAs in a human hepatic cell line vary in a structure-dependent manner. Both the low potency of monoesters and the shape of prototype concentration–response relationships warrant a substance- and structure-specific approach in the risk assessment of PAs. KW - Genotoxicity KW - Liver cells KW - Micronuclei KW - Mutagenicity KW - Pyrrolizidine alkaloids KW - Relative potencies Y1 - 2020 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00204-020-02895-z U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02895-z SN - 0340-5761 SN - 1432-0738 VL - 94 IS - 12 SP - 4159 EP - 4172 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Geburek, Ina A1 - Rutz, Lukas A1 - Gao, Lan A1 - Küpper, Jan-Heiner A1 - These, Anja A1 - Schrenk, Dieter T1 - The metabolic pattern of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in liver cells T2 - Chemical Research in Toxicology N2 - Contamination with 1,2-unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) is a serious problem for certain phytomedicines, foods, and animal feeds. Several of these PAs are genotoxic and carcinogenic, primarily in the liver, upon cytochrome P450 (CYP)-catalyzed activation into reactive (pyrrolic and pyrrole-like) metabolites. Here we investigated the metabolism of selected PAs (echimidine, europine, lasiocarpine, lycopsamine, retrorsine, and senecionine) in rat hepatocytes in primary culture and in human CYP3A4-transfected HepG2 cells. The open-chained diesters echimidine and lasiocarpine and the cyclic diester senecionine were extensively metabolized in rat hepatocytes into a broad spectrum of products released into the medium. A large portion of unidentified, possibly irreversibly bound, products remained in the cells while detectable amounts of reactive and other metabolites were found in the incubation media. In HepG2-CYP3A4 cells, lasiocarpine was more extensively metabolized than echimidine and senecionine which also gave rise to the release of pyrrolic metabolites. In human cells, no pyrrolic metabolites were detected in retrorsine or lycopsamine incubations, while no such metabolites were detected from europine in both cell types. Other types of metabolic changes comprised modifications such as side chain demethylation or oxygenation reactions like the formation of N-oxides. The latter, considered as a detoxification step, was a major pathway with cyclic diesters, was less distinctive for echimidine and lycopsamine and almost negligible for lasiocarpine and europine. Our data are in agreement with previously published cyto- and genotoxicity findings and suggests that the metabolic pattern may contribute substantially to the specific toxic potency of a certain congener. In addition, marked differences were found for certain congeners between rat hepatocytes and transfected human HepG2 cells, whereby a high level of bioactivation was found for lasiocarpine, whereas a very low level of bioactivation was observed for monoesters, in particular in human cells. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00507 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00507 VL - 34 IS - 4 SP - 1101 EP - 1113 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jinks, Clare A1 - Botto-van Bemden, Angie A1 - Bunzli, Samantha A1 - Bowden, Jocelyn A1 - Egerton, Thorlene A1 - Eyles, Jillian A1 - Foster, Nadine A1 - Healey, Emma L. A1 - Maddison, John A1 - O’Brien, Daniel A1 - Quicke, Jonathan G. A1 - Schiphof, Dieuwke A1 - Parry, Emma A1 - Thomas, Martin J. A1 - Holden, Melanie A. A1 - Allen, Kelli A1 - Babatunde, Opeyemi O. A1 - Bennel, Kim L. A1 - Berry, Alice A1 - Bierma-Zeinstra, Sita A1 - Callahan, Leigh A1 - Campbell, Laura A1 - Dziedzic, Krysia S. A1 - Finney, Andrew A1 - French, Helen P. A1 - Haber, Travis A1 - Hadley-Barrows, Tina A1 - Hall, Michelle A1 - Hawker, Gillian A1 - Henriksen, Marius A1 - Hinman, Rana S. A1 - Ho-Pham, Lan A1 - Hunter, David J. A1 - Lawford, Belinda J. A1 - Mallen, Christian D. A1 - McHugh, Gretl A. A1 - Kopkow, Christian A1 - Neogi, Tuhina A1 - Nicholls, Elaine A1 - Nicolson, Philippa J. A. A1 - Østerås, Nina A1 - Paskins, Zoe A1 - Protheroe, Joanne A1 - Roos, Ewa M. A1 - Runhaar, Jos A1 - Skou, Soren T. A1 - Simkins, Joanna A1 - Swaithes, Laura A1 - Thomas, Geraint A1 - Esch, Martin van der A1 - Whittaker, Jackie A1 - Zhang, Weiya T1 - Changing the narrative on osteoarthritis: A call for global action T2 - Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2024.02.004 SN - 1063-4584 VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 414 EP - 420 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Bai A1 - Gao, Jiarong A1 - Wang, Xiuru A1 - Ma, Lan A1 - Cui, Qiang A1 - Veste, Maik T1 - Effects of biological soil crusts on water infiltration and evaporation Yanchi Ningxia, Maowusu Desert, China T2 - International Journal of Sediment Research N2 - Biological soil crusts serve as a vanguard for improving the ecological environment in arid, semi-arid desertification areas.It is a good indicator of the level of improvement which the local ecological evironment is undertaking. In desert areas, water condition is a key factor of improving the ecological environment. As a first layer protection, biological crusts play an important role in local vegetation succession due to their abilities to conserve and maintain moisture. Using Maowusu desert in Yanchi of Ningxia province as an example, after three years of research, this paper chooses three kinds of biological crusts including lichen, moss and cyanobacterial which are under the cover of Artemisia ordosicaas research objects. The results of this study indicate that, the closer biological crusts are to Artemisia ordosica vegetation, the thicker they become. In the same position of Artemisia ordosica vegetation, the thickness of moss crusts is the highest, followed by lichen crusts, and the thickness of cyanobacterial crusts is the lowest. Biological soil crusts coverage protects the natural water content of soil layers from 0 to 5cm. Also, it effects falling water to infiltrate deeper, and cannot prevent the surfacewater content from evaporating effectively. The effect of biological crusts blocking water infiltration decreases with the increase of rainfall. At the same rainfall level, moss crusts provide the strongest water infiltration blockage, followed by lichen crusts and cyanobacterial crusts. With the increase of rainfall, the depth of water infiltration increases.At the same rainfall level, the relationship of water infiltration depth is as follows: cyanobacterial crusts > lichen crusts > moss crusts. With the increase of biological crusts thickness, they blocking water infiltration capacity is stronger, and the depth of water infiltration is smaller. Analysis on the characteristic of simulated rainfall process on biological crusts shows that sandy land can be fixed by applying appropriate artificial biological crusts to build a sustainable forest protection system and to create a stable ecosystem in desertification area. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2016.05.005 SN - 1001-6279 VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 311 EP - 323 ER -