TY - GEN A1 - Neyret, Margot A1 - Le Provost, Gaëtane A1 - Boesing, Andrea Larissa A1 - Schneider, Florian D. A1 - Baulechner, Dennis A1 - Bergmann, Joana A1 - Vries, Franciska T. de A1 - Fiore-Donno, Anna Maria A1 - Geisen, Stefan A1 - Goldmann, Kezia A1 - Merges, Anna A1 - Saifutdinov, Ruslan A. A1 - Simons, Nadja K. A1 - Tobias, Joseph A. A1 - Zaitsev, Andrey S. A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Jung, Kirsten A1 - Kandeler, Ellen A1 - Krauss, Jochen A1 - Penone, Caterina A1 - Schloter, Michael A1 - Schulz, Stefanie A1 - Staab, Michael A1 - Wolters, Volkmar A1 - Apostolakis, Antonios A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Boeddinghaus, Runa S. A1 - Bolliger, Ralph A1 - Bonkowski, Michael A1 - Buscot, François A1 - Dumack, Kenneth A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Gan, Huei Ying A1 - Heinze, Johannes A1 - Hölzel, Norbert A1 - John, Katharina A1 - Klaus, Valentin H. A1 - Kleinebecker, Till A1 - Marhan, Sven A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Renner, Swen C. A1 - Rillig, Matthias C. A1 - Schenk, Noëlle V. A1 - Schöning, Ingo A1 - Schrumpf, Marion A1 - Seibold, Sebastian A1 - Socher, Stephanie A. A1 - Solly, Emily F. A1 - Teuscher, Miriam A1 - Kleunen, Mark van A1 - Wubet, Tesfaye A1 - Manning, Peter T1 - A slow-fast trait continuum at the whole community level in relation to land-use intensification T2 - Nature Communications N2 - AbstractOrganismal functional strategies form a continuum from slow- to fast-growing organisms, in response to common drivers such as resource availability and disturbance. However, whether there is synchronisation of these strategies at the entire community level is unclear. Here, we combine trait data for 2800 above- and belowground taxa from 14 trophic guilds spanning a disturbance and resource availability gradient in German grasslands. The results indicate that most guilds consistently respond to these drivers through both direct and trophically mediated effects, resulting in a ‘slow-fast’ axis at the level of the entire community. Using 15 indicators of carbon and nutrient fluxes, biomass production and decomposition, we also show that fast trait communities are associated with faster rates of ecosystem functioning. These findings demonstrate that ‘slow’ and ‘fast’ strategies can be manifested at the level of whole communities, opening new avenues of ecosystem-level functional classification. KW - General Physics and Astronomy KW - General Biochemistry KW - General Chemistry KW - Multidisciplinary KW - Genetics and Molecular Biology Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45113-5 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 15 IS - 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kundel, Dominika A1 - Meyer, Svenja A1 - Birkhofer, Herbert A1 - Fliessbach, Andreas A1 - Mäder, Paul A1 - Scheu, Stefan A1 - Kleunen, Mark van A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus T1 - Design and Manual to Construct Rainout-Shelters for Climate Change Experiments in Agroecosystems T2 - Frontiers in Environmental Science N2 - Climate change models predict reduced summer precipitations for most European countries, including more frequent and extreme summer droughts. Rainout-shelters which intercept part of the natural precipitation provide an effective tool to investigate effects of different precipitation levels on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In this study, we evaluate and describe in detail a fixed-location rainout-shelter (2.5 × 2.5 m) with partial interception of natural rainfall. We provide a complete parts list, a construction manual and detailed CAD drawings allowing to rebuild and use these shelters for rainfall manipulation studies. In addition, we describe a rainout-shelter control treatment giving the possibility to quantify and account for potential shelter artifacts. To test the rainout-shelters, we established the following three treatments each in eight winter wheat plots of the agricultural long-term farming system comparison trial DOK in Therwil (Switzerland): (1) A rainout-shelter with 65% interception of rainfall, (2) a rainout-shelter control without interception of rainfall, and (3) an ambient control. The rainout-shelter effectively excluded 64.9% of the ambient rainfall, which is very close to the a priori calculated exclusion of 65.1%. In comparison to the ambient control plots, gravimetric soil moisture decreased under the rainout-shelter by a maximum of 11.1 percentage points. Air temperature under the rainout-shelter differed little from the ambient control (−0.55°C in 1.2 m height and +0.19°C in 0.1 m height), whereas soil temperatures were slightly higher in periods of high ambient temperature (+1.02°C), but remained basically unaffected in periods of low ambient temperature (+0.14°C). A maximum edge effect of 0.75 m defined a sampling area of 1 × 1 m under the rainout-shelter. The rainout-shelters presented here, proved to sustain under heavy weather and they were well-suited to be used in agricultural fields where management operations require the removal of the rainout-shelters for management operations. Overall, the results confirmed the good performance of the presented rainout-shelters regarding rainout-shelter artifacts, predictable rain exclusion, and feasibility for experimental studies in agricultural fields. KW - rainout-shelter design, summer drought, climate change, precipitation, wheat, CAD drawings Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00014 SN - 2296-665X VL - 6 ER -