TY - GEN A1 - König, Paul A1 - Mischke, Marcel A1 - Pohl, Michael A1 - Kazula, Stefan A1 - Höschler, Klaus T1 - Concept Development and Evaluation for a Broadband Noise Absorbing Acoustic Liner Concept for Aviation T2 - 24th International Society For Air Breathing Engines (ISABE-2019-24261), 22.-27. September 2019 N2 - This paper presents design adaptations during the further development of innovative broadband acoustic liner concepts (Foil Helmholtz Resonator Liner; FHR-Liners) which utilise flexible foils within a honeycomb structure to attenuate engine and aircraft noise. The requirements for acoustic liners in aviation are described and utilised to derive evaluation criteria. Modifications of the FHR-Liner concept are introduced. A suitable concept evaluation method based on VDI 2225 is applied to evaluate the modified liner concepts concerning the main evaluation criteria. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://2019.isabe.org/content/uploads/ISABE2019_Technical_Program.pdf ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kazula, Stefan A1 - Wöllner, Mark A1 - Grasselt, David A1 - Höschler, Klaus T1 - Ideal Geometries and Potential Benefit of Variable Pitot Inlets for Subsonic and Supersonic Business Aviation T2 - 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE FOR AERONAUTICS AND SPACE SCIENCES (EUCASS) N2 - The challenge of determining ideal inlet geometries for variable pitot aero engine inlets in transonic and supersonic civil aviation is presented. The trade-off in inlet design and the geometric inlet parameters are introduced. By means of a parametric design study, feasible inlet geometries for variable inlets are identified and the potential aerodynamic benefit of using variable pitot inlets for flight speeds from Mach 0.95, 1.3 up to 1.6 is examined. After considering the additional weight of variable inlets, for instance due to required actuators, a remaining range benefit of over 20% at a flight speed of Mach 1.6 is determined. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://eucass.eu/index.php/component/docindexer/?task=download&id=5871 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13009/EUCASS2019-314 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mischke, Marcel A1 - Kazula, Stefan A1 - Höschler, Klaus T1 - Preliminary Safety Assessment on System Design Level for Broadband Acoustic Liner Concepts for Aviation T2 - Proceedings of the 9th EASN International Conference on Innovation in Aviation & Space N2 - Selected methods of the aviation safety assessment process according to ARP 4761 are introduced and conducted within the scope of a concept study for future broadband acoustic liners. While having similar primary functions and basic design, the acoustic liner concepts diverge concerning subfunctions and potential malfunctions. With the ARP 4761 safety assessment methods, significant differences in sub functions and possible malfunctions of the concepts can be identified. The results of the safety assessment are discussed, and the concepts are evaluated in terms of feasibility and safety. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/abs/2019/53/matecconf_easn2019_04010/matecconf_easn2019_04010.html U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930404010 CY - Athen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yagci, Tolga A1 - Höschler, Klaus A1 - Pannier, Stephan A1 - Ende, Sven von ED - Silva Gomes, J. F. ED - Meguid, Shaker A. T1 - A Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) approach using a multidisciplinary digital twin for high-pressure turbine discs in civil aviation T2 - Proceedings IRF2020 : 7th International Conference Integrity-Reliability-Failur, Funchal/Portugal, 6-10 Sep 2020 N2 - The health status of an aircraft rotating turbine component depends heavily on the flight profiles flown by the operator. In contrast of this dependency, the declared Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) life is typically determined for a designed flight profile, which is representative for most fleet flight profiles. A significant improvement in component utilisation without compromising safety can be achieved by using Engine Health Monitoring (EHM) data in order to monitor the LCF life by means of a digital engine twin. This paper is focussed on the development of a digital twin for a Civil Small and Medium Engine (CSME) and the structural health monitoring (SHM) of LCF life. The digital twin combines analytical models from multiple disciplines such as system performance, thermals and structures and aims to connect operational data to the component’s accumulated damage. This enables individual monitoring of the component’s health status, and prediction of Remaining Useful Life (RUL). KW - structural health monitoring, digital twin, critical parts, fatigue monitoring, remaining useful life, safety assessment Y1 - 2020 UR - https://paginas.fe.up.pt/~irf/Proceedings_IRF2020/data/papers/16534.pdf SN - 978-989-54756-1-2 SP - 491 EP - 502 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kazula, Stefan A1 - Höschler, Klaus T1 - Evaluation of variable pitot inlet concepts for transonic and supersonic civil aviation T2 - Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology N2 - Purpose – This paper aims to describe the selection of the ideal variable inlet concept group by using results of aerodynamic investigations, system safety analyses and integration studies. Design/methodology/approach – Aerodynamic and functional inlet requirements are explained and variable inlet concept groups are introduced. The concept evaluation by means of a weighted point rating is presented. The respective concept groups are analysed and evaluated regarding economic, functional and safety requirements. Findings – By means of this evaluation, the concept group that adjusts the inlet geometry by rigid segment repositioning is identified as most suitable concept group. Originality/value – The early selection of the most suitable concept group enables more detailed subsequent concept investigations, potentially enabling the technology of variable inlets for future commercial aircraft. KW - Design evaluation KW - Variable aero engine inlet KW - Morphing nacelle intake Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/AEAT-11-2019-0225 SN - 0002-2667 VL - 92 IS - 6 SP - 807 EP - 815 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kazula, Stefan A1 - Wöllner, Mark A1 - Höschler, Klaus T1 - Identification of efficient geometries for variable pitot inlets for supersonic transport T2 - Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology N2 - Purpose – This paper aims to reveal the influence of selected geometric parameters on the aerodynamic performance of circular variable aero engine inlets in transonic and supersonic civil aviation. Design/methodology/approach – The trade-off in inlet design and aerodynamic evaluation parameters is presented. The approach to investigate the dependencies between the aerodynamic and geometric parameters at different flight conditions by means of a parametric design study is introduced. Findings – The dependencies of inlet drag and efficiency from geometric parameters at flight speeds of Mach 0.95 up to Mach 1.6 are identified. Although entailing additional weight, the inlet length represents the parameter with the highest potential for drag reduction by up to 50% in the selected design space. Ideal geometries for variable pitot inlets are determined. After considering weight, their potential range benefit nearly disappears for subsonic applications, but remains above 20% for supersonic flight at Mach 1.6. Originality/value – Hence, the technology of circular variable pitot inlets for supersonic transport aircraft could be a way to achieve the ambitious ecological, safety and economic goals for future civil aviation. KW - Benefit of supersonic variable axisymmetric pitot inlets KW - Supersonic transport (SST) KW - Ideal aircraft intake geometries KW - Pitot inlet drag estimation Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/AEAT-11-2019-0228 SN - 0002-2667 VL - 92 IS - 7 SP - 981 EP - 992 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kazula, Stefan A1 - Höschler, Klaus T1 - Review of Variable Leading Edge Patents for Aircraft Wings and Engine Inlets and Their Relevance for Variable Pitot Inlets in Future Supersonic Transport T2 - Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2020, Online, 1. bis 3. September 2020 N2 - The motivation for designing variable pitot inlets for future supersonic transport (SST) is explained. A comprehensive overview of existing technological solutions for variable leading edges of aircraft wings and engines inlets is given. The advantages and limitations of over 80 solutions, as well as their relevance for application on variable pitot inlets for SST are analysed. These analyses emphasis challenges of existing solution options concerning design methodologies, level of detail and experience with a technology. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://dlrk2020.dglr.de/programmheft/index.html ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kazula, Stefan A1 - Höschler, Klaus T1 - A Variable Pitot-Inlet Concept for Supersonic Aviation T2 - Global Power & Propulsion Society GPPS Chania20, Online, 7th - 9th September 2020 N2 - An overview of aero-engine inlets, the design process in aviation and a safe design approach for academic studies is provided. By means of a safe design approach, a variable inlet concept is developed up to technology readiness level (TRL) 3 and described. The application of safety and reliability methods, aerodynamic and structural analyses, as well as functional demonstrators proves the feasibility of the present variable inlet concept and highlights its potential for application in future supersonic transport (SST). Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.33737/gpps20-tc-49 SN - 2504-4400 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mischke, Marcel A1 - Pohl, Michael A1 - Höschler, Klaus A1 - Huppertz, André T1 - A Holistic Approach for the Generic Preliminary Design of Axial Compressor and Turbine Annulus Contours T2 - Conference Paper of the DLRK 2020 N2 - An essential aspect in the whole engine modelling of modern aircraft engines is the preliminary design of the meridional gas path definition. Especially the annulus dimensioning and topological characterisation of engine core subsystems are usually time-consuming. This paper presents a holistic and parametric approach to predesign the geometric 2D annulus contours of compressor and turbine subsystems without complex thermodynamic calculations. It is based on distribution functions of the axial and radial dimensions, as well as the variations of compressor and turbine stages and realises a time-efficient re-dimensioning and topological variation of the complex annulus geometry. Parametric methods for an optimised arrangement of the blade stages in a turbomachinery subsystem configuration are shown and integrated into a mathematical model. KW - Gas Path; Annulus Contour; Generic Preliminary Design; Turbine; Compressor Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2020121112463561159960 UR - https://publikationen.dglr.de/?tx_dglrpublications_pi1%5bdocument_id%5d=530097 VL - Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2020 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V. CY - Bonn ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mischke, Marcel A1 - Pohl, Michael A1 - Höschler, Klaus A1 - Huppertz, André T1 - GAS PATH DESIGNER – zeiteffiziente Vorauslegung von Triebwerks-Ringräumen und zusätzlichen Strukturen T1 - GAS PATH DESIGNER – Time Efficient Pre-Design of Aero Engine Annulus Contours and Additional Structures T2 - Conference Paper des Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2020 N2 - Der Beginn einer jeden Triebwerksentwicklung startet mit der Auslegung des Ringraumes des Primärgasstromes. Hier müssen einige vorläufige aber auch grundlegende Entscheidungen zu Entwurfsparametern wie Eintrittsquerschnitte, Subsystemlängen, axiale Stufenanzahl in Verdichter und Turbine, usw. definiert werden. Für die Vorauslegung sollte die Palette an anfänglichen Entwurfsparametern so gering wie möglich gehalten werden, um die Menge an möglichen Ringraumentwürfen nicht frühzeitig einzuschränken. Dieses Paper präsentiert das Vorauslegungswerkzeug „Gas Path Designer“ (GPD), welches in der Lage ist Ringraumentwürfe für Turbotriebwerke über zeiteffiziente Berechnungsmethoden in kürzester Zeit bereitzustellen. Das Interface bietet eine Auswahl an Einstellungen, um die genannten Variationsmöglichkeiten zu unterstützen. Der Aufbau ist übersichtlich, um im Rahmen grundlegender konzeptorientierter Gespräche mit dem Kunden eine schnelle und beidseitig nachvollziehbare Variation und Visualisierung des Konzeptentwurfes zu ermöglichen. Des Weiteren können die erhaltenen Ringraumstrukturen der Triebwerksentwürfe als Leitstruktur für CAD-Programme sowie weiterführende Optimierungsstrategien genutzt werden. N2 - The beginning of each aircraft engine development starts with the design of the annulus contour of the primary gas path. In this case, preliminary but also fundamental decisions on design parameters such as inlet cross sections, subsystem lengths, number of stages in compressor and turbine and many more details have to be defined. For the preliminary design, the amount of initial design parameters should be kept as small as possible. Hence, the amount of possible annulus contours and future aero engine designs will not be limited at an early design stage. This paper presents the design tool "Gas Path Designer" (GPD) which is able to provide annulus designs for aero engines via time efficient calculation methods. The user interface offers a suitable range of settings to support the afore mentioned design variation possibilities. Hence, in the context of basic concept-oriented discussions with customers, the GPD allows a quick and mutually comprehensible variation and visualisation of conceptual designs. Furthermore, the resulting annulus contour of the aircraft engine designs can be used as a reference curves for CAD programs and advanced optimization strategies. KW - Gas Path Designer; Annulus Contour; Generic Preliminary Design; Aircraft Engine Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2020121112494640076557 UR - https://publikationen.dglr.de/?tx_dglrpublications_pi1%5bdocument_id%5d=530098 VL - Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2020 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V. CY - Bonn ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xie, Tianxiao A1 - Starick, Tommy A1 - Mosgow, Anatol A1 - Berg, Heinz Peter A1 - Höschler, Klaus A1 - Schmidt, Heiko T1 - Thermofluiddynamic pre-design of a primary surface heat exchanger under the influence of heat radiation using 1D/3D coupled simulation method T2 - NAFEMS World Congress 2021, online, 25-29. Oktober 2021 N2 - Within the Framework of the "TurboFuelCell (TFC)" a highly integrated and compact energy conversion system based on Micro Gas Turbine Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (MGT-SOFC) hybrid process is being developed by the team at BTU-Cottbus Senftenberg. This work focuses on the extension of the pre-design process of a primary surface heat exchanger (PSHX), which is a key component for the coupling between MGT and SOFC, using an 1D/3D hybrid simulation method for the understanding of its behaviour under the influence of heat radiation. In a MGT-SOFC hybrid process the high temperature heat exchanger plays an important role in preheating the fresh air to a minimum operation temperature necessary for SOFC. Due to the special location of this PSHX in the TFC, it is constantly exposed to heat radiation from the SOFC module, which requires additional consideration of its influence for better model accuracy. A first design, which is later extended through an 1D Flow network model, based on 𝜖 − 𝑁𝑇𝑈 method is presented. A complete 3D-CFD simulation with consideration of heat radiation is initially employed for the whole flow process to examine the first design. However, this approach proves to be highly computationally expensive due to the large dimensional difference between the plenum for cathode exhaust air and the fine channels in the PSHX. To reduce the computational effort, the flow and heat transfer in the PSHX is modelled by 1D elements. The flow in the plenum is simulated by 3D-CFD, which better accounts for convection and thermal radiation. A comparison between 3D-CFD and 1D/3D hybrid model is performed. A significant reduction of simulation time and computing resources can be achieved for well calibrated hybrid model without compromising on accuracy. In the talk, the effect of insulation layer thickness variations on the heat transfer on the plenum side due to heat radiation and their influence on the heat exchanger efficiency are discussed. Consequently, design improvements are realized based on the previous findings. Finally, the 1D/3D hybrid simulation method is evaluated and prepared for the general applications in thermal management of machines based on coupled MGT-SOFC process. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www-docs.b-tu.de/fg-stroemungsmodellierung/public/Starick_2021_NAFEMS_World_Congress_Manuscript.pdf UR - https://agenda.nwc21.org/session.php?s=B5 ER -