TY - GEN A1 - Gerk, U. A1 - Franke, Ralf-Peter A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Scheller, B. A1 - Krüger-Genge, Anne A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Imaging of coronary arteries using ionic versus non-ionic radiographic contrast media: Intraindividual comparison study T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-199217 SN - 1875-8622 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Jung, Conrad H. G. A1 - Krüger-Genge, Anne A1 - Waldeck, Peter A1 - Küpper, Jan-Heiner T1 - Factors influencing the growth of Spirulina platensis in closed photobioreactors under CO₂ – O₂ conversion T2 - Journal of Cellular Biotechnology N2 - Since there is growing interest throughout the world in photosynthetic microbes as a potential source of food or food supplements, an assessment of factors which influence the biomass obtained in bioreactors, protein contents and constituents is important. This work reviews the autotrophic cultivation conditions of Spirulina platensis especially the dependency on the strain, the composition of the nutrient solution, pH, temperature of the medium, light intensity and color as well as exposure rhythm, the flow rate and composition of the aerating gas mixture and the bubble size, the content of oxygen, CO₂ and HCO₃ in the medium and last but not least from the optical density of the spirulina suspension during growth. KW - spirulina platensis KW - influencing factors KW - temperature KW - light intensity KW - wave length Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/JCB-199004 SN - 2352-3697 SN - 2352-3689 VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 125 EP - 134 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Stroszczynski, Christian A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) to detect abdominal microcirculatory disorders in severe cases of COVID-19 infection: First experience T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - In the hands of experienced examiners, the contrast enhanced sonography (CEUS) offers the possibility to analyze dynamic microcirculatory disturbances in real time dynamically without any risk for kidneys and thyroid gland even in severe progressing disease bedside. Based on severe COVID-19 infections, first experiences with abdominal CEUS examinations are presented. In the stage of an imminent organ failure with significantly reduced kidney and liver function, CEUS can be used to show a narrowing of the organ-supplying arteries, as well as a delayed capillary filling of vessels near the capsule, a regional reduced parenchymal perfusion or an inflammatory hyperemia with capillary hypercirculation. It is possible to quickly rule out organ infarction and to dynamically record the mesenteric arterial and venous blood flow. KW - Corona virus KW - contrast enhanced ultrasound sonography (CEUS) KW - COVID-19 KW - liver KW - kidney Y1 - 2020 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch209003 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-209003 SN - 1875-8622 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 74 IS - 4 SP - 353 EP - 361 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Stroszczynski, Christian A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to assess pleural pulmonal changes in severe Covid 19 infection: First results T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - AIM: Use of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in severe cases of COVID-19 infection to assess pulmonary changes near the pleura. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bedside examinations by an experienced intensive care unit examiner using a multi-frequency probe (C1-6 MHz) with B-mode and CEUS to assess pleural-near changes in severe cases of COVID-19 infection with respiratory failure. CEUS with bolus delivery via a central venous catheter of 2.4 ml Sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles from the arterial phase (10–15 s) to the late phase of 5 min. Digital storage of cine sequences of the lung sound with abdomen for independent assessment with the subsequently performed contrast-enhanced dual-source CT. RESULTS: In 11 intubated and ventilated patients (arithmetic mean 62 years, 48 to 78 years, 3 women) with confirmed severe COVID-19 infections, a peripherally accentuated consolidation with irregular hyperemia was found in the CEUS and also in the CT examination. Of the 5 cases with pulmonary arterial embolisms, signs of right ventricular failure were found. In all cases, using CEUS low perfused areas of the pleura with adjacent hyperemia could be detected, while, with CT segmental contrast medium, gaps with subpleural compressions were found. Interstitial changes near the pleura led to B-lines and to ground glass opacities in the CT. Near the diaphragm a delayed arterial contrast of the liver was observed. In addition, in 2 cases partial atelectasis, in 3 cases marginal pleural effusions were found. CONCLUSION: CEUS opens up new possibilities for bedside monitoring of pleural reactive inflammatory or peripheral thrombus embolism in severe cases of COVID-19 infection. KW - COVID-19 infection KW - lung- Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) KW - pleural affection KW - peripheral embolic consolidation Y1 - 2020 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch209005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-209005 SN - 1875-8622 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 75 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 26 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lamby, Philipp A1 - Minkow, Alexander A1 - Handt, Stefan A1 - Falter, Johannes A1 - Schellenberg, Eva-Lotte A1 - Graf, Stefanie A1 - Hiebl, Bernhard A1 - Haerteis, Silke A1 - Gemeinhardt, Ole A1 - Krüger-Genge, Anne A1 - Klosterhalfen, Bernd A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Franke, Ralf-Peter A1 - Momeni, Arash A1 - Prantl, Lukas A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Histological and SEM assessment of blood stasis in kidney blood vessels after repeated intra-arterial application of radiographic contrast media T2 - Life N2 - Background: After application of iodinated contrast media (CM), a pronounced deterioration of the microcirculation in skin and myocardium was reported. Clinically, the repeated application of CM, especially, led to an increase of the renal resistance index (RRI). With respect to the transiency of the RRI increase, it is reasonable to assume that the deterioration of blood flow could be due to transient blood stasis caused by reversible morphologic cell alterations due to osmotic discrepancies between CM and human blood. Therefore, the hypothesis was investigated whether CM are able to induce in vivo such blood stasis and cell deformations in the renal vasculature of well-hydrated pigs. Methods: The in vivo study was performed as a prospective randomized examination to compare the effects of two different CM in 16 pigs (German Landrace). Pigs were randomized to receive either Iodixanol (n = 8), or Iopromide (n = 8). Each animal received 10 injections separated by 5-min intervals via the suprarenal aorta at a rate of 10 mL/s according to the usual procedure during a cardiac catheter examination. Finally, the kidneys were explanted and processed for histology (H & E staining and fibrin staining according to Weigert) as well as for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with regards to morphologic correlates explaining the changes in the microcirculation. Results: In each of the predefined four categories of vascular diameters, blood stasis were found, but clearly more often after application of Iopromide than after application of Iodixanol (p < 0.001). In addition, Iopromide induced more blood stasis in all of the examined kidney regions compared to Iodixanol (p = 0.0001). There were no obstructive events in the middle cortex following the application of Iodixanol. Except for the region around a puncture channel of a placed-in catheter probe, no fibrin was detected in Weigert’s fibrin-stained samples, neither around the histologically assessed thrombi nor in vessels with blood stasis. Complementary SEM analyses revealed in a few cases only a slight generation of fibrin and thrombi and deformations, such as echinocyte and “box-like” deformations. Conclusions: According to previous in vitro studies, pathological erythrocyte deformations, such as echinocyte and box-like formation of erythrocytes, were observed also in vivo. In addition, blood stasis and/or thrombi could be detected in histological samples from explanted kidneys from young pigs after repeated in vivo administration of CM. In only a few cases, mural platelet aggregates within minimal fibrin meshes occurred only after the application of Iopromide. KW - acute kidney injury KW - nephrotoxicity KW - nephropathy KW - renal pathology KW - iodinated contrast media KW - electron microscopy KW - histopathology Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/10/9/167 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/life10090167 SN - 2075-1729 VL - 10 IS - 9 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krüger-Genge, Anne A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Hufert, Frank A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Küpper, Jan-Heiner A1 - Storsberg, J. T1 - Effects of gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) on platelets and endothelial cells T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - Thrombotic events result from different pathologies and are the underlying causes of severe diseases like stroke or myocardial infarction. Recent basic research now revealed a link between food uptake, food conversion and gut metabolism. Gut microbial production of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) from dietary nutrients like choline, lecithin and L-carnitine was associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Within this review we give a systematic overview about the influence of TMAO on blood components like platelets and endothelial cells which both are involved as key players in thrombotic processes. In summary, a mechanistic correlation between the gut microbiome, TMAO and cardiovascular diseases becomes obvious and emphasizes to the significance of the intestinal microbiome. KW - Microbiome KW - trimethylamin-N-oxide KW - platelets KW - endothelial cells KW - atherosclerosis Y1 - 2020 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch209206 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-209206 SN - 1875-8622 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 76 IS - 2 SP - 309 EP - 316 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Martina, Georgieva A1 - Kammerer, Sarah A1 - Prantl, Lukas A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Stroszczynski, Christian A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael T1 - Imaging of breast implant and implant-associated complications: Capsular contracture and intraor extracapsular rupture T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - BACKGROUND: In recent years, follow-up after breast reconstruction with silicone implants and the detection of complications have been relieved by the possibility of improved diagnostic methods. METHODS: Between January 2015 and December 2019 a total of 40 patients (29–84 years) with silicone implants were included in this retrospective study. The implants were examined clinically and with modern imaging: general ultrasound imaging (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), high resolution computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography –computed tomography (PET-CT). If necessary, a histological/cytological sample was taken. The breast implants were assessed by three radiologists specialized in breast imaging. The grade of capsular contracture was classified according to the Baker classification. RESULTS: All 40 women obtained a clinical examination and an US diagnostic to identify early and more common complications such as implant folding and capsular fibrosis. Depending on the clinical examination and ultrasound findings additional MRI (n = 10), CT (n = 9) and/or PET-CT (n = 2) were performed. 16 patients had implants folding proven with US (n = 16), MRI (n = 6) and CT (n = 1). The grade of capsular fibrosis was determined according to the Baker classification. The following results were obtained in our study: 25 breast implants with Baker grade I and eleven breast implants with Baker grade II, both proven with US; one breast implants with Baker grade III and one breast implant with Baker grade IV, proven with US (n = 2), MRI (n = 1) and CT (n = 1). One patient had intracapsular rupture and one patient had extracapsular rupture, both detected on CT and surgically proven. No patient had a silicone accumulation in the lymph nodes. One patient had pathologically enlarged axillary lymph nodes, which were evaluated as inflammatory changes in PET-CT. Long-term complications such as the development of malignant breast tumors could not be observed. CONCLUSION: To detect early complications after breast implant surgery, a regular clinical examination is indispensable. Imaging methods complement each other and if they are used multimodal, it is easier to identify early complications. Modern diagnostic modalities like ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging expand the spectrum and improve diagnostic safety. KW - Breast implant KW - ultrasound KW - magnetic resonance imaging KW - capsular contracture Y1 - 2020 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch209218 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-209218 SN - 1875-8622 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 76 IS - 2 SP - 221 EP - 231 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Wertheimer, T. A1 - Putz, F. J. A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Kammerer, Sarah A1 - Pregler, B. A1 - Luerken, L. A1 - Stroszczynski, Christian A1 - Beyer, L. T1 - Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with parametric imaging and time intensity curve analysis (TIC) for evaluation of the success of prostate arterial embolization (PAE) in cases of prostate hyperplasia T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - AIM: To evaluate the use of dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with parametric color-coded imaging and time intensity curve analysis (TIC) for planning and follow-up after prostate arterial embolization (PAE). MATERIAL/METHOD: Before and after selective iliacal embolization by PAE with a follow up of 6 months 18 male patients (43–78 years, mean 63±3.5 years) with histopathological proven benign prostate hyperplasia were examined by one experienced examiner. A multifrequency high resolution probe (1–6 MHz) was used for transabdominal ultrasound and CEUS with bolus injections of 2.4 ml sulphur-hexafluoride microbubbles. Independent evaluation of color-coded parametric imaging before and after PAE by in PACS stored DICOM loops from arterial phase (10–15 s) up to 1min were performed. Criteria for successful treatment were reduction of early arterial enhancement by changes of time to peak (TTP) and area under the curve (AUC) by measurements in 8 regions of interest (ROI) of 5 mm in diameter at the margin and in the center and changes from hyperenhancement in parametric imaging (perfusion evaluation of arterial enhancement over 15 s) from red and yellow to blue and green by partial infarctions. Reference imaging method was the contrast high resolution 3 tesla magnetic resonance tomography (MRI) using 3D vibe sequences before and after PAE and for the follow up after 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: PAE was technically and clinically successful in all 18 patients with less clinical symptoms and reduction of the gland volume. In all cases color-coded CEUS parametric imaging was able to evaluate partial infarction after embolization with changes from red and yellow to green and blue colors in the embolization areas. Relevant changes could be evaluated for TIC-analysis of CEUS with reduced arterial enhancement in the arterial phase and prolonged enhancement of up to 1 min with significant changes (p = 0.0024). The area under the curve (AUC) decreased from 676±255.04 rU (160 rU–1049 rU) before PAE to 370.43±255.19 rU (45 rU–858 rU) after PAE. Time to peak (TTP) did not change significantly (p = 0.6877); TTP before PAE was 25.82±9.04 s (12.3 s–42.5 s) and after PAE 24.43±9.10 s (12–39 s). Prostate volume decreased significantly (p = 0.0045) from 86.93±34.98 ml (30–139 ml) before PAE to 50.57±26.26 ml (19–117 ml) after PAE. There were no major complications and, in most cases (14/18) a volume reduction of the benign prostate hyperplasia occurred. CONCLUSION: Performed by an experienced examiner CEUS with parametric imaging and TIC-analysis is highly useful to further establish prostatic artery embolization (PAE) as a successful minimal invasive treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. KW - Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) KW - parametric imaging KW - time intensity curve analysis (TIC) KW - prostate arterial embolization (PAE) Y1 - 2020 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch209202 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-209202 SN - 1875-8622 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 76 IS - 2 SP - 143 EP - 153 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Hösl, Vanessa A1 - Fraunberg, Sarah von A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Prantl, Lukas T1 - Ultrasound elastography for the detection of capsular fibrosis in breast implants: First results T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - BACKGROUND: Capsular contractures around breast implants usually develop leading to pain and aesthetically inadequate results and ultimately often requires the replacement of the implants. Textured silicone implants are the most commonly placed implant, but polyurethane-coated implants are increasingly being used in an attempt to ameliorate the long-term complications associated with implant insertion. AIM: Capsular contracture is traditionally classified using the Baker scale, a subjective classification system based upon clinical findings. Aim of this study was to evaluate the association between pain due capsular contraction, Baker Score and different techniques of US elastography. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients were contacted who had undergone an implant replacement due to capsular contracture. Inclusion criterion was the re-implantation of a PU-coated implant. In the third year after changing the implant a follow-up examination was performed in 16 patients with 23 implants. A conventional examination with anamnesis, tactile and visual findings to obtain a Baker score, and ultrasound examinations including shear wave elastography, ARFI and compound elastography were performed. In addition, pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: The pain data showed a significant improvement (before implant exchange: 4.1±2.8 score points) with significance in favor of the current state (1.7±1.0 pain score points; p = 0.002). All patients suffered from less or no pain three years after exchange of the implant. Pain values and elastography (ARFI values) correlated well (r = 0,873), with increasing Baker score the ARFI values increased. US elastography evaluations can locally determine tissue density but correlate only to a limited extent with the test findings according to Baker. US elastography values of mammary gland tissue without implant did not differ from mammary gland tissue around implants. CONCLUSION: Preoperative Baker scores prior to exchange and the current Baker scores at the follow-up showed significantly lower score points three years after exchange of the implants. Ultrasound elastography seems to be an objective classification of capsular fibrosis. These first results motivate to initiate a prospective multicenter investigation. KW - Capsular fibrosis KW - ultrasound examinations KW - elastography KW - ARFI KW - Baker score Y1 - 2020 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch200875 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-200875 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 77(2021) IS - 3 SP - 247 EP - 257 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Werner, Jens Martin A1 - Zidek, Martin A1 - Kammerer, Sylvia A1 - Platz Batista da Silva, Natascha A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Schlitt, Hans Jürgen A1 - Hornung, Matthias A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael T1 - Intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound can have a crucial role in surgical decision-making during hepato-pancreatico-biliary surgery –Analysis of impact and input T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact and procedural input of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and ultrasound elastography on surgical decision making during the procedure and consequently the out-come after hepato-pancreatico-biliary (HPB) surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of 50 consecutive patients, who underwent HPB surgery from 04/2018 to 07/2018 were prospectively collected for this study. During surgery, IOUS with a high-resolution ultrasound device using CEUS after bolus injection of 2.4–5 ml Sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles using a 6–9 MHz probe and a share wave and strain elastography was performed by an experienced examiner. Process and time analysis were carried out using mobile phone timer. RESULTS: The IOUS with CEUS and elastography correctly identified 42 malignant tumors and 4 benign lesions. In 3 cases, the examination provided false positive result (identifying 3 benign lesions as malignant) and in 1 case a malignant lesion was incorrectly assessed as benign (sensitivity 97,7%, specificity 57,1%, PPV 93,3% and NPV 80%). The specific question by the surgeon could be answered successfully in 98% of the cases. In 76% of the cases, there was a modification (42%) or a fundamental change (34%) of the planned surgical approach due to the information provided by the IOUS. Within the last group, the IOUS had a major impact on therapy outcome. In 7 patients an additional tumor resection was required, in 5 patients the tumor was assessed as inoperable, and in total in 5 patients an intraoperative RFA (4/5) or postoperative RITA (1/5) was required. Regarding procedural input, there was only a slight, but significant difference between the transport and set-up times before the intraoperative use (mean: 14 min 22 s) and the return transport (mean 13 min 6 s), (p = 0,038). The average examination time was 14 minutes, which makes only one third of the overall time demand. CONCLUSION: Combination of IOUS with CEUS and elastography in oncological HPB surgery provides valuable information that affects surgical decision-making. The procedural input of about 45 minutes seems to be a good investment considering the improvement of the surgical procedure and a significant modification of the therapy approach in the majority of the cases. KW - Surgical decision-making KW - hepato-pancreatico-biliary surgery KW - CEUS KW - elastography Y1 - 2021 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch201031 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-201031 VL - 78 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 14 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krüger-Genge, Anne A1 - Steinbrecht, Susanne A1 - Jung, Conrad H. G. A1 - Westphal, Sophia A1 - Klöpzig, Stefanie A1 - Waldeck, Peter A1 - Küpper, Jan-Heiner A1 - Storsberg, J. A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Arthrospira platensis accelerates the formation of an endothelial cell monolayer and protects against endothelial cell detachment after bacterial contamination T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - Within the last years a comprehensive number of scientific studies demonstrated beneficial effect of Arthropira platensis (AP) as dietary supplement due to a high content of proteins, minerals and vitamins. Positive effects like promoting the immune system, reducing inflammation and an anti-oxidant capacity are reported. In this study, the effect of an aqueous AP extract on primary human venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) was investigated. In addition, the effect of AP on HUVEC treated with a bacterial toxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPA), inducing an activation of HUVEC and cellular detachment, was analyzed. Depending on the concentration of AP extract a significantly accelerated formation of an endothelial cell monolayer was observed. Furthermore, the detachment of HUVEC after LPA addition was dramatically reduced by AP. In conclusion, the data are promising and indicatory for an application of Arthrospira platensis in the clinical field. KW - Arthrospira platensis KW - endothelial cells KW - xCELLigence system Y1 - 2021 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch201096 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-201096 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 78 IS - 2 SP - 151 EP - 161 ER -