TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Verloh, Niklas A1 - Haimerl, Michael A1 - Lürken, Lukas A1 - Jage, Simon A1 - Stroszczynski, Christian A1 - Scharf, Gregor T1 - High resolution flow with glazing flow for optimized flow detection in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPS): First results T2 - Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-221427 SN - 1875-8622 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 82 IS - 3 SP - 231 EP - 238 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Stroszczynski, Christian A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) to detect abdominal microcirculatory disorders in severe cases of COVID-19 infection: First experience T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - In the hands of experienced examiners, the contrast enhanced sonography (CEUS) offers the possibility to analyze dynamic microcirculatory disturbances in real time dynamically without any risk for kidneys and thyroid gland even in severe progressing disease bedside. Based on severe COVID-19 infections, first experiences with abdominal CEUS examinations are presented. In the stage of an imminent organ failure with significantly reduced kidney and liver function, CEUS can be used to show a narrowing of the organ-supplying arteries, as well as a delayed capillary filling of vessels near the capsule, a regional reduced parenchymal perfusion or an inflammatory hyperemia with capillary hypercirculation. It is possible to quickly rule out organ infarction and to dynamically record the mesenteric arterial and venous blood flow. KW - Corona virus KW - contrast enhanced ultrasound sonography (CEUS) KW - COVID-19 KW - liver KW - kidney Y1 - 2020 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch209003 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-209003 SN - 1875-8622 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 74 IS - 4 SP - 353 EP - 361 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Stroszczynski, Christian A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to assess pleural pulmonal changes in severe Covid 19 infection: First results T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - AIM: Use of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in severe cases of COVID-19 infection to assess pulmonary changes near the pleura. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bedside examinations by an experienced intensive care unit examiner using a multi-frequency probe (C1-6 MHz) with B-mode and CEUS to assess pleural-near changes in severe cases of COVID-19 infection with respiratory failure. CEUS with bolus delivery via a central venous catheter of 2.4 ml Sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles from the arterial phase (10–15 s) to the late phase of 5 min. Digital storage of cine sequences of the lung sound with abdomen for independent assessment with the subsequently performed contrast-enhanced dual-source CT. RESULTS: In 11 intubated and ventilated patients (arithmetic mean 62 years, 48 to 78 years, 3 women) with confirmed severe COVID-19 infections, a peripherally accentuated consolidation with irregular hyperemia was found in the CEUS and also in the CT examination. Of the 5 cases with pulmonary arterial embolisms, signs of right ventricular failure were found. In all cases, using CEUS low perfused areas of the pleura with adjacent hyperemia could be detected, while, with CT segmental contrast medium, gaps with subpleural compressions were found. Interstitial changes near the pleura led to B-lines and to ground glass opacities in the CT. Near the diaphragm a delayed arterial contrast of the liver was observed. In addition, in 2 cases partial atelectasis, in 3 cases marginal pleural effusions were found. CONCLUSION: CEUS opens up new possibilities for bedside monitoring of pleural reactive inflammatory or peripheral thrombus embolism in severe cases of COVID-19 infection. KW - COVID-19 infection KW - lung- Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) KW - pleural affection KW - peripheral embolic consolidation Y1 - 2020 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch209005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-209005 SN - 1875-8622 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 75 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 26 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Peschel, G. A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Fisser, C. A1 - Putz, F. J. A1 - Wertheimer, T. A1 - Sinner, B. A1 - Lunz, D. A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Müller, M. T1 - Interstitial lung opacities in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia by bedside high-resolution ultrasound in association to CO2 retention T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). OBJECTIVE: This single centre cross-section study aimed to grade the severity of pneumonia by bed-side lung ultrasound (LUS). METHODS: A scoring system discriminates 5 levels of lung opacities: A-lines (0 points),≥3 B-line (1 point), coalescent B-lines (2 points), marked pleural disruptions (3 points), consolidations (4 points). LUS (convex 1–5 MHz probe) was performed at 6 defined regions for each hemithorax either in supine or prone position. A lung aeration score (LAS, maximum 4 points) was allocated for each patient by calculating the arithmetic mean of the examined lung areas. Score levels were correlated with ventilation parameters and laboratory markers. RESULTS: LAS of 20 patients with ARDS reached from 2.58 to 3.83 and was highest in the lateral right lobe (Mean 3.67). Ferritin levels (Mean 1885μg/l; r = 0.467; p = 0.051) showed moderate correlation in spearman roh calculation. PaCO2 level (Mean 46.75 mmHg; r = 0.632; p = 0.005) correlated significantly with LAS, while duration of ventilation, Horovitz index, CRP, LDH and IL-6 did not. CONCUSIONS: The proposed LAS describes severity of lung opacities in COVID-19 patients and correlates with CO2 retention in patients with ARDS. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch200925 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-200925 VL - 77 IS - 4 SP - 355 EP - 365 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wiesinger, Isabel A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael T1 - Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and perfusion imaging using VueBox® T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - The external perfusion software (VueBox™) for contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), enables the quantitative analysis of micro-vascularization within non-cystic lesions in terms of characterization and detection. This review summarizes our work about parathyroid gland, thyroid gland, liver, prostate and other tissues as well as original studies in the use of parametric perfusion imaging. Useful perfusion parameters are introduced. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch201040 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-201040 VL - 78 IS - 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Werner, Jens Martin A1 - Zidek, Martin A1 - Kammerer, Sylvia A1 - Platz Batista da Silva, Natascha A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Schlitt, Hans Jürgen A1 - Hornung, Matthias A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael T1 - Intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound can have a crucial role in surgical decision-making during hepato-pancreatico-biliary surgery –Analysis of impact and input T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact and procedural input of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and ultrasound elastography on surgical decision making during the procedure and consequently the out-come after hepato-pancreatico-biliary (HPB) surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of 50 consecutive patients, who underwent HPB surgery from 04/2018 to 07/2018 were prospectively collected for this study. During surgery, IOUS with a high-resolution ultrasound device using CEUS after bolus injection of 2.4–5 ml Sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles using a 6–9 MHz probe and a share wave and strain elastography was performed by an experienced examiner. Process and time analysis were carried out using mobile phone timer. RESULTS: The IOUS with CEUS and elastography correctly identified 42 malignant tumors and 4 benign lesions. In 3 cases, the examination provided false positive result (identifying 3 benign lesions as malignant) and in 1 case a malignant lesion was incorrectly assessed as benign (sensitivity 97,7%, specificity 57,1%, PPV 93,3% and NPV 80%). The specific question by the surgeon could be answered successfully in 98% of the cases. In 76% of the cases, there was a modification (42%) or a fundamental change (34%) of the planned surgical approach due to the information provided by the IOUS. Within the last group, the IOUS had a major impact on therapy outcome. In 7 patients an additional tumor resection was required, in 5 patients the tumor was assessed as inoperable, and in total in 5 patients an intraoperative RFA (4/5) or postoperative RITA (1/5) was required. Regarding procedural input, there was only a slight, but significant difference between the transport and set-up times before the intraoperative use (mean: 14 min 22 s) and the return transport (mean 13 min 6 s), (p = 0,038). The average examination time was 14 minutes, which makes only one third of the overall time demand. CONCLUSION: Combination of IOUS with CEUS and elastography in oncological HPB surgery provides valuable information that affects surgical decision-making. The procedural input of about 45 minutes seems to be a good investment considering the improvement of the surgical procedure and a significant modification of the therapy approach in the majority of the cases. KW - Surgical decision-making KW - hepato-pancreatico-biliary surgery KW - CEUS KW - elastography Y1 - 2021 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch201031 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-201031 VL - 78 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 14 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Kammerer, Sarah A1 - Brandenstein, M. A1 - Putz, F. J. A1 - Stroszczynski, Christian A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - High resolution flow (HR Flow) and Glazing Flow in cases of hepatic flow changes: Comparison to color-coded doppler sonography (CCDS) T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - AIM: To evaluate the possibilities of flow detection using high resolution flow (HR Flow) and Glazing Flow technique in patients with liver parenchymal changes and flow changes in comparison to color-coded Doppler sonography (CCDS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: All examinations were performed using a multi frequency matrix convex probe with high resolution technique (SC6-1U/Resona7, Mindray, Shenzhen, China) by one experienced examiner to evaluate the venous, portal venous and arterial liver flow with digital documentation of the dynamic flow parameters like peak systolic flow, end-diastolic flow and resistance index. For liver parenchymal stiffness changes shear wave elastography was performed with at least 10 measurements. By two independent readers an elevation was performed to evaluate the image quality and the degree of flow artefacts, from 0 = not available to 5 points with excellent image quality without flow artefacts. RESULTS: All 40 patients (24 men, 16 women, age 27–83 years, mean 56±5 years) showed morphology changes from B-Mode of the liver parenchyma to inhomogeneous tissue with higher stiffness evaluated by the shear wave elastography (1.45 m/s up to 2.79 m/s±1.79 m/s, considering F1 up to F4 fibrosis) and in 15 cases histopathologically proven liver cirrhosis. In 9 cases after non-acute thrombosis flow reduction of the portal vein was the reason for the diameter less than 5 mm. Flow parameters for the venous flow were between 8 cm/s up to 29 cm/s, mean 14±4 cm/s, for the hepatic portal vein 5 cm/s up to 57 cm/s, mean 17±5 cm/s, for the hepatic artery systolic flow between 50 cm/s up to 127±33 cm/s, end-diastolic flow from 22 cm/s up to 47±8 cm/s. Resistance index for the hepatic artery was between 0.41 up to 0.73, mean 0.67±0.25. The image quality for CCDS over all cases was evaluated for CCDS between 1 up to 4. The mean quality was 2.5±0.5, for HR Flow in combination with Glazing Flow 3±0.5, with significant differences for the 2 readers (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Combination of HR Flow with Glazing Flow could be helpful to evaluate morphological und hemodynamic changes of liver arterial flow, portal venous and venous flow. Reduction of flow artefacts in combination with a higher image quality could be helpful for optimizing the digital measurements also for follow up examinations. KW - Liver vascular imaging KW - high resolution flow (HR) KW - Glazing Flow KW - imaging quality KW - artefact reduction Y1 - 2021 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch219102 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-219102 SN - 1875-8622 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 79 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 17 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Diesch, S. T. A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Prantl, Lukas A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael T1 - Surface imaging of breast implants using modern high-frequency ultrasound technology in comparison to high-end sonography with power analyses for B-scan optimization T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-219204 SN - 1875-8622 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 80 IS - 4 SP - 487 EP - 495 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Lamby, Philipp A1 - Prantl, Lukas A1 - Wiggermann, P. A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Krüger-Genge, Anne A1 - Franke, Ralf-Peter T1 - Post-mortem distribution of Iodinated Contrast Media (ICM) (iodixanol versus iopromide) in the porcine kidney after multiple bolus injections in vivo into the supra-renal aorta T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-229102 SN - 1875-8622 VL - 85(2023) IS - 3 SP - 289 EP - 295 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Stroszczynski, Christian A1 - Wiesinger, Isabel T1 - Dynamic endoluminal contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for display of drainages in inflammatory abdominal fluid collections T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-211370 SN - 1875-8622 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 80 IS - 2 SP - 49 EP - 59 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Stroszczynski, Christian A1 - Wiesinger, Isabel T1 - Quantification of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in non-cystic breast lesions using external perfusion software T2 - Scientific Reports N2 - The aim of this present clinical pilot study is the display of typical perfusion results in patients with solid, non-cystic breast lesions. The lesions were characterized using contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with (i) time intensity curve analyses (TIC) and (ii) parametric color maps. The 24 asymptomatic patients included were genetically tested for having an elevated risk for breast cancer. At a center of early detection of familial ovary and breast cancer, those patients received annual MRI and grey-scale ultrasound. If lesions remained unclear or appeared even suspicious, those patients also received CEUS. CEUS was performed after intravenous application of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles. Digital DICOM cine loops were continuously stored for one minute in PACS (picture archiving and communication system). Perfusion images and TIC analyses were calculated off-line with external perfusion software (VueBox). The lesion diameter ranged between 7 and 15 mm (mean 11 ± 3 mm). Five hypoechoic irregular lesions were scars, 6 lesions were benign and 12 lesions were highly suspicious for breast cancer with irregular enhancement at the margins and a partial wash out. In those 12 cases, histopathology confirmed breast cancer. All the suspicious lesions were correctly identified visually. For the perfusion analysis only Peak Enhancement (PE) and Area Under the Curve (AUC) added more information for correctly identifying the lesions. Typical for benign lesions is a prolonged contrast agent enhancement with lower PE and prolonged wash out, while scars are characterized typically by a reduced enhancement in the center. No differences (p = 0.428) were found in PE in the center of benign lesions (64.2 ± 28.9 dB), malignant lesions (88.1 ± 93.6 dB) and a scar (40.0 ± 17.0 dB). No significant differences (p = 0.174) were found for PE values at the margin of benign lesions (96.4 ± 144.9 dB), malignant lesions (54.3 ± 86.2 dB) or scar tissue (203.8 ± 218.9 dB). Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found in PE of the surrounding tissue when comparing benign lesions (33.6 ± 25.2 dB) to malignant lesions (15.7 ± 36.3 dB) and scars (277.2 ± 199.9 dB). No differences (p = 0.821) were found in AUC in the center of benign lesions (391.3 ± 213.7), malignant lesions (314.7 ± 643.9) and a scar (213.1 ± 124.5). No differences (p = 0.601) were found in AUC values of the margin of benign lesions (313.3 ± 372.8), malignant lesions (272.6 ± 566.4) or scar tissue (695.0 ± 360.6). Significant differences (p < 0.01) were found in AUC of the surrounding tissue for benign lesions (151.7 ± 127.8), malignant lesions (177.9 ± 1345.6) and scars (1091 ± 693.3). There were no differences in perfusion evaluation for mean transit time (mTT), rise time (RT) and time to peak (TTP) when comparing the center to the margins and the surrounding tissue. The CEUS perfusion parameters PE and AUC allow a very good assessment of the risk of malignant breast lesions and thus a downgrading of BI-RADS 4 lesions. The use of the external perfusion software (VueBox, Bracco, Milan, Italy) did not lead to any further improvement in the diagnosis of suspicious breast lesions and does appears not to have any additional diagnostic value in breast lesions. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-96137-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96137-6 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dropco, Ivor A1 - Kaiser, Ulrich A1 - Wagner, Lola A1 - Brunner, Stefan M. A1 - Schlitt, Hans Jürgen A1 - Stroszcynski, Christian A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Yi, Dong A1 - Herr, Wolfgang A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael T1 - Color mapping using ultrasound system-integrated perfusion software for evaluation of focal liver lesions: a possible first step for more independent reading T2 - Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases N2 - Aims To assess the value of using integrated parametric ultrasound software for contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of liver tumors. Methods 107 patients with liver tumors were studied. CEUS were performed to detect focal lesions. Parametric images were based on continuous CINE LOOPs, from the early-arterial phase (15 s) to the portal-venous phase (1 min) generated by perfusion software. The evaluations of the parametric images and their dignity for liver lesions were performed independently by an experienced and a less-experienced investigator. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging scans or histological analysis were used as references. Results High parametric image quality were obtained in all patients. Among the patients, 44% lesions were benign, 56% were malignant. The experienced investigator correctly classified 46 of 47 (98%) as benign, and 60 of 60 (100%) as malignant tumors based on the parametric images. The less-experienced investigator correctly classified 39 of 47 (83%) as benign, and 49 of 60 (82%) malignant tumors, acheaving a high statistical accuracy of 98% with this type of diagnostic. Conclusion Parametric imaging for grading the malignant degree of tumor may be a good complement to existing ultrasound techniques and was particularly helpful for improving the assessments of the less-experienced examiner. KW - CEUS KW - parametric imaging KW - dynamic vascularization KW - liver malignancies Y1 - 2023 UR - https://europepmc.org/article/med/38147619 U6 - https://doi.org/10.15403/jgld-4997 SN - 1842-1121 VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 479 EP - 487 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Stroszczynski, Christian A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Advanced multimodal imaging of solid thyroid lesions with artificial intelligence-optimized B-mode, elastography, and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography parametric and with perfusion imaging: Initial results T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - Goal of the study was the assessment of AI-assisted diagnosis of solid thyroid foci with multimodal modern ultrasound imaging. 50 patients (26–81 years, 54.7±13.1 years) were included in the study. Multimodal ultrasound imaging by means of B-mode with linear probe (4–12 MHz) with option of automated documentation of findings by means of AI, with supplementary Ultra MicroAngiography (UMA) was used. Macrovascularisation was assessed by dynamic contrast ultrasonography (CEUS) with parametric evaluation and perfusion analysis, and microvascularization was assessed by combined strain and shear wave elastography on a novel high-performance ultrasound system (Resona R9/Mindray) by an experienced examiner with independent reading. The evaluation was performed according to TI-RADS III-V. The volume of the thyroid lobes on both sides averaged 39 ml±5 ml (27 to 69 ml). The 13 cases of histologically confirmed thyroid carcinomas (8 papillary, 2 medullary, 2 microfollicular, 1 anaplastic CA) with a mean size of 15 mm±6 mm (9–21 mm) were correctly evaluated by TI-RADS V on the basis of irregular shape, induration > 2.5 m/s or > 30kPA and striking wash-out kinetics. Tumor lymph nodes could only be correctly detected preoperatively in one case of medullary carcinoma according to the surgical findings, based on irregular vascularization with UMA in roundish shape with cortex > 4 mm, transverse diameter up to 11 mm. In 25 cases of inhomogeneous nodular goiter an evaluation with TI-RADS III was performed in 31 cases, in 4 cases with incomplete marginal contour, partial marginal vascularization with UMA and partial wash out with indurations up to 2.5 m/s 30 kPA an evaluation with TI-RADS IV and surgical excision for nodular goiter. In 12 cases regressive nodular changes without relevant malignancy criteria resulted in nodular goiter, with focal changes up to 1.5 cm in diameter, classified as requiring control with TI-RADS III. There were no relevant changes in findings in the controls after 6 months. From the AI tool, the 20/25 goiter nodes were assessed as TI-RADS III, 7/12 adenomas, 5 goiter nodes, and 5 adenomas as TI-RADS IV, 5/13 carcinomas as TI-RADS IV, and 8/13 carcinomas as TI-RADS V. Multimodal ultrasound diagnostics supported by AI has a high diagnostic potential for the evaluation of solid thyroid lesions and standardizes the reporting with digital representative image documentation. CEUS perfusion and modern elastography techniques allow targeted follow-up of TI-RADS III findings. KW - Thyroid lesions KW - multimodal ultrasound KW - artificial intelligence (AI) KW - UMA-elastography KW - contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) KW - parametric-perfusion analysis Y1 - 2023 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch239102 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-239102 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 84 IS - 2 SP - 227 EP - 236 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Martina, Georgieva A1 - Kammerer, Sarah A1 - Prantl, Lukas A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Stroszczynski, Christian A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael T1 - Imaging of breast implant and implant-associated complications: Capsular contracture and intraor extracapsular rupture T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - BACKGROUND: In recent years, follow-up after breast reconstruction with silicone implants and the detection of complications have been relieved by the possibility of improved diagnostic methods. METHODS: Between January 2015 and December 2019 a total of 40 patients (29–84 years) with silicone implants were included in this retrospective study. The implants were examined clinically and with modern imaging: general ultrasound imaging (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), high resolution computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography –computed tomography (PET-CT). If necessary, a histological/cytological sample was taken. The breast implants were assessed by three radiologists specialized in breast imaging. The grade of capsular contracture was classified according to the Baker classification. RESULTS: All 40 women obtained a clinical examination and an US diagnostic to identify early and more common complications such as implant folding and capsular fibrosis. Depending on the clinical examination and ultrasound findings additional MRI (n = 10), CT (n = 9) and/or PET-CT (n = 2) were performed. 16 patients had implants folding proven with US (n = 16), MRI (n = 6) and CT (n = 1). The grade of capsular fibrosis was determined according to the Baker classification. The following results were obtained in our study: 25 breast implants with Baker grade I and eleven breast implants with Baker grade II, both proven with US; one breast implants with Baker grade III and one breast implant with Baker grade IV, proven with US (n = 2), MRI (n = 1) and CT (n = 1). One patient had intracapsular rupture and one patient had extracapsular rupture, both detected on CT and surgically proven. No patient had a silicone accumulation in the lymph nodes. One patient had pathologically enlarged axillary lymph nodes, which were evaluated as inflammatory changes in PET-CT. Long-term complications such as the development of malignant breast tumors could not be observed. CONCLUSION: To detect early complications after breast implant surgery, a regular clinical examination is indispensable. Imaging methods complement each other and if they are used multimodal, it is easier to identify early complications. Modern diagnostic modalities like ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging expand the spectrum and improve diagnostic safety. KW - Breast implant KW - ultrasound KW - magnetic resonance imaging KW - capsular contracture Y1 - 2020 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch209218 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-209218 SN - 1875-8622 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 76 IS - 2 SP - 221 EP - 231 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Wertheimer, T. A1 - Putz, F. J. A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Kammerer, Sarah A1 - Pregler, B. A1 - Luerken, L. A1 - Stroszczynski, Christian A1 - Beyer, L. T1 - Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with parametric imaging and time intensity curve analysis (TIC) for evaluation of the success of prostate arterial embolization (PAE) in cases of prostate hyperplasia T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - AIM: To evaluate the use of dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with parametric color-coded imaging and time intensity curve analysis (TIC) for planning and follow-up after prostate arterial embolization (PAE). MATERIAL/METHOD: Before and after selective iliacal embolization by PAE with a follow up of 6 months 18 male patients (43–78 years, mean 63±3.5 years) with histopathological proven benign prostate hyperplasia were examined by one experienced examiner. A multifrequency high resolution probe (1–6 MHz) was used for transabdominal ultrasound and CEUS with bolus injections of 2.4 ml sulphur-hexafluoride microbubbles. Independent evaluation of color-coded parametric imaging before and after PAE by in PACS stored DICOM loops from arterial phase (10–15 s) up to 1min were performed. Criteria for successful treatment were reduction of early arterial enhancement by changes of time to peak (TTP) and area under the curve (AUC) by measurements in 8 regions of interest (ROI) of 5 mm in diameter at the margin and in the center and changes from hyperenhancement in parametric imaging (perfusion evaluation of arterial enhancement over 15 s) from red and yellow to blue and green by partial infarctions. Reference imaging method was the contrast high resolution 3 tesla magnetic resonance tomography (MRI) using 3D vibe sequences before and after PAE and for the follow up after 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: PAE was technically and clinically successful in all 18 patients with less clinical symptoms and reduction of the gland volume. In all cases color-coded CEUS parametric imaging was able to evaluate partial infarction after embolization with changes from red and yellow to green and blue colors in the embolization areas. Relevant changes could be evaluated for TIC-analysis of CEUS with reduced arterial enhancement in the arterial phase and prolonged enhancement of up to 1 min with significant changes (p = 0.0024). The area under the curve (AUC) decreased from 676±255.04 rU (160 rU–1049 rU) before PAE to 370.43±255.19 rU (45 rU–858 rU) after PAE. Time to peak (TTP) did not change significantly (p = 0.6877); TTP before PAE was 25.82±9.04 s (12.3 s–42.5 s) and after PAE 24.43±9.10 s (12–39 s). Prostate volume decreased significantly (p = 0.0045) from 86.93±34.98 ml (30–139 ml) before PAE to 50.57±26.26 ml (19–117 ml) after PAE. There were no major complications and, in most cases (14/18) a volume reduction of the benign prostate hyperplasia occurred. CONCLUSION: Performed by an experienced examiner CEUS with parametric imaging and TIC-analysis is highly useful to further establish prostatic artery embolization (PAE) as a successful minimal invasive treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. KW - Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) KW - parametric imaging KW - time intensity curve analysis (TIC) KW - prostate arterial embolization (PAE) Y1 - 2020 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch209202 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-209202 SN - 1875-8622 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 76 IS - 2 SP - 143 EP - 153 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krüger-Genge, Anne A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Hufert, Frank A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Küpper, Jan-Heiner A1 - Storsberg, J. T1 - Effects of gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) on platelets and endothelial cells T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - Thrombotic events result from different pathologies and are the underlying causes of severe diseases like stroke or myocardial infarction. Recent basic research now revealed a link between food uptake, food conversion and gut metabolism. Gut microbial production of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) from dietary nutrients like choline, lecithin and L-carnitine was associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Within this review we give a systematic overview about the influence of TMAO on blood components like platelets and endothelial cells which both are involved as key players in thrombotic processes. In summary, a mechanistic correlation between the gut microbiome, TMAO and cardiovascular diseases becomes obvious and emphasizes to the significance of the intestinal microbiome. KW - Microbiome KW - trimethylamin-N-oxide KW - platelets KW - endothelial cells KW - atherosclerosis Y1 - 2020 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch209206 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-209206 SN - 1875-8622 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 76 IS - 2 SP - 309 EP - 316 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lamby, Philipp A1 - Minkow, Alexander A1 - Handt, Stefan A1 - Falter, Johannes A1 - Schellenberg, Eva-Lotte A1 - Graf, Stefanie A1 - Hiebl, Bernhard A1 - Haerteis, Silke A1 - Gemeinhardt, Ole A1 - Krüger-Genge, Anne A1 - Klosterhalfen, Bernd A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Franke, Ralf-Peter A1 - Momeni, Arash A1 - Prantl, Lukas A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Histological and SEM assessment of blood stasis in kidney blood vessels after repeated intra-arterial application of radiographic contrast media T2 - Life N2 - Background: After application of iodinated contrast media (CM), a pronounced deterioration of the microcirculation in skin and myocardium was reported. Clinically, the repeated application of CM, especially, led to an increase of the renal resistance index (RRI). With respect to the transiency of the RRI increase, it is reasonable to assume that the deterioration of blood flow could be due to transient blood stasis caused by reversible morphologic cell alterations due to osmotic discrepancies between CM and human blood. Therefore, the hypothesis was investigated whether CM are able to induce in vivo such blood stasis and cell deformations in the renal vasculature of well-hydrated pigs. Methods: The in vivo study was performed as a prospective randomized examination to compare the effects of two different CM in 16 pigs (German Landrace). Pigs were randomized to receive either Iodixanol (n = 8), or Iopromide (n = 8). Each animal received 10 injections separated by 5-min intervals via the suprarenal aorta at a rate of 10 mL/s according to the usual procedure during a cardiac catheter examination. Finally, the kidneys were explanted and processed for histology (H & E staining and fibrin staining according to Weigert) as well as for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with regards to morphologic correlates explaining the changes in the microcirculation. Results: In each of the predefined four categories of vascular diameters, blood stasis were found, but clearly more often after application of Iopromide than after application of Iodixanol (p < 0.001). In addition, Iopromide induced more blood stasis in all of the examined kidney regions compared to Iodixanol (p = 0.0001). There were no obstructive events in the middle cortex following the application of Iodixanol. Except for the region around a puncture channel of a placed-in catheter probe, no fibrin was detected in Weigert’s fibrin-stained samples, neither around the histologically assessed thrombi nor in vessels with blood stasis. Complementary SEM analyses revealed in a few cases only a slight generation of fibrin and thrombi and deformations, such as echinocyte and “box-like” deformations. Conclusions: According to previous in vitro studies, pathological erythrocyte deformations, such as echinocyte and box-like formation of erythrocytes, were observed also in vivo. In addition, blood stasis and/or thrombi could be detected in histological samples from explanted kidneys from young pigs after repeated in vivo administration of CM. In only a few cases, mural platelet aggregates within minimal fibrin meshes occurred only after the application of Iopromide. KW - acute kidney injury KW - nephrotoxicity KW - nephropathy KW - renal pathology KW - iodinated contrast media KW - electron microscopy KW - histopathology Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/10/9/167 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/life10090167 SN - 2075-1729 VL - 10 IS - 9 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Hösl, Vanessa A1 - Fraunberg, Sarah von A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Prantl, Lukas T1 - Ultrasound elastography for the detection of capsular fibrosis in breast implants: First results T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - BACKGROUND: Capsular contractures around breast implants usually develop leading to pain and aesthetically inadequate results and ultimately often requires the replacement of the implants. Textured silicone implants are the most commonly placed implant, but polyurethane-coated implants are increasingly being used in an attempt to ameliorate the long-term complications associated with implant insertion. AIM: Capsular contracture is traditionally classified using the Baker scale, a subjective classification system based upon clinical findings. Aim of this study was to evaluate the association between pain due capsular contraction, Baker Score and different techniques of US elastography. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients were contacted who had undergone an implant replacement due to capsular contracture. Inclusion criterion was the re-implantation of a PU-coated implant. In the third year after changing the implant a follow-up examination was performed in 16 patients with 23 implants. A conventional examination with anamnesis, tactile and visual findings to obtain a Baker score, and ultrasound examinations including shear wave elastography, ARFI and compound elastography were performed. In addition, pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: The pain data showed a significant improvement (before implant exchange: 4.1±2.8 score points) with significance in favor of the current state (1.7±1.0 pain score points; p = 0.002). All patients suffered from less or no pain three years after exchange of the implant. Pain values and elastography (ARFI values) correlated well (r = 0,873), with increasing Baker score the ARFI values increased. US elastography evaluations can locally determine tissue density but correlate only to a limited extent with the test findings according to Baker. US elastography values of mammary gland tissue without implant did not differ from mammary gland tissue around implants. CONCLUSION: Preoperative Baker scores prior to exchange and the current Baker scores at the follow-up showed significantly lower score points three years after exchange of the implants. Ultrasound elastography seems to be an objective classification of capsular fibrosis. These first results motivate to initiate a prospective multicenter investigation. KW - Capsular fibrosis KW - ultrasound examinations KW - elastography KW - ARFI KW - Baker score Y1 - 2020 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch200875 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-200875 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 77(2021) IS - 3 SP - 247 EP - 257 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gerk, U. A1 - Franke, Ralf-Peter A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Scheller, B. A1 - Krüger-Genge, Anne A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Imaging of coronary arteries using ionic versus non-ionic radiographic contrast media: Intraindividual comparison study T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-199217 SN - 1875-8622 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Moran, Valentina Ocañaa A1 - Engel, Martin A1 - Krüger-Genge, Anne A1 - Stroszczynski, Christian A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Modified contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with the new high-resolution examination technique of high frame rate contrast-enhanced ultrasound (HiFR-CEUS) for characterization of liver lesions: First results T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-221449 SN - 1875-8622 SP - 1 EP - 16 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Brandenstein, M. A1 - Wiesinger, Isabel A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Stroszczynski, Christian A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael T1 - High-performance sonographical multimodal imaging of non cystic thyroid lesions: Chances of the preoperative diagnostics in relation to histopathology T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - AIM: To improve preoperative diagnostics of solid non-cystic thyroid lesions by using new high-performance ultrasound techniques: optimized B-mode morphology, elastography, Color-Coded Doppler-Sonography (CCDS) and contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 33 cases solid, non-cystic thyroid lesions were rated as TIRADS 3 and up from conventional B-mode examinations. Additional high resolution Power Doppler including HR- and Glazing-Flow as optimized macrovascularization techniques, shear wave elastography and CEUS were performed on these patients by one experienced examiner. For CEUS a bolus of 1–2.4 ml Sulfurhexafluorid microbubbles (SonoVue®, Bracco, Milan, Italy) was injected into a cubital vein and then the distribution kinetics of the contrast agent were documented from the early arterial phase (10 to 15 seconds after injection) to the late venous phase (5 minutes after injection). Postoperative histopathology was the diagnostic gold standard as it provides the most reliable proof. RESULTS: 33 patients (13 males, 20 females; age 29 –77 years; mean 55 years; SD 13 years) were included in this study. 28 of them had benign regressive thyroid nodules, 3 had adenomas and 4 were diagnosed with carcinomas (3 were histologically identified as papillary thyroid carcinomas, one as a medullary thyroid carcinoma). The volume of the thyroid gland ranged from 6.6 to 401.3 cm2 (mean 72.6±92.0 cm2). The adenoma diameters ranged from 9 to 40 mm (mean 22±16 mm) and the carcinoma diameters ranged from 19 to 33 mm (mean 26±6 mm). The 3 adenomas had different echogenicities: One was completely echofree, one was hypoechoic and one isoechoic. The 4 carcinomas however were equally characterized as hypoechoic and echofree. Two of three adenomas and all of the carcinomas showed an incomplete or diffuse margin. Micro-calcifications were found in one adenoma and in every carcinoma. However, no micro-calcifications were observed in cases of benign regressive nodules. Performing shear-wave elastography the adenomas showed lower values than the carcinomas: The tissue velocity of the adenomas ranged from 2.86 m/s to 3.85 m/s (mean 3.32±0.5 m/s) and in carcinomas from 3.89 m/s to 5.66 m/s (mean 4.18±0.3 m/s). Marginal hypervascularization was detected in two adenomas after applying CCDS. One adenoma was hypovascularized. The four carcinomas showed an irregular extreme hypervascularization along their margins as well as an irregular central normo- or hypervascularization in CCDS. The additional HR-Flow helped reducing artefacts. In CEUS the dynamic capillary microvascularization of all carcinomas was very irregular with early enhancement and followed by partial or complete wash-out. In CEUS two adenomas had no wash-out and the other one showed a partial wash-out. CONCLUSION: Using modern multimodal imaging offers new possibilities for the differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid lesions. It is a very important diagnostic tool in addition to the B-Mode TIRADS classification and eases the decision between TIRADS 3, 4 and 5. However, additional multicenter studies are required for more detailed evaluations. KW - Solid thyroid lesions KW - high-resolution ultrasound KW - HR-flow KW - elastography KW - CEUS KW - histopathology Y1 - 2021 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch219101 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-219101 SN - 1875-8622 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 79 IS - 1 SP - 27 EP - 38 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Dinkel, J. A1 - Verloh, Niklas A1 - Brandenstein, M. A1 - Stroszczynski, Christian A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Rennert, J. T1 - Wireless point-of-care ultrasound: First experiences with a new generation handheld device T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic reliability of a new generation wireless point-of care ultrasound device for abdominal and thoracic findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 40 patients (16 females, 24 males 19 –80 years, on average 56.1 years) were scanned by an experienced examiner using the new wireless Vscan Air device for abdominal and thoracic findings. The probe frequencies were 2–5 MHz (convex probe) and 3–12 MHz for the linear probe. As a reference standard, all patients were also examined using high-end ultrasound (LOGIQ E9/10). Results were interpreted independently by two examiners in consensus, also with regard to the image quality (0–4, from not assessable = 0, to excellent 4). RESULTS: In all 40 patients (100%) examination with conventional high-end ultrasound and the Vscan Air ultrasound device was feasible. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of abdominal and thoracic findings were 63.3%, 100%, 100%, and 40%, respectively. Most main diagnostic findings were detected using the mobile device compared to the high-end ultrasound. Limitations were found regarding characterization and classification of hepatic and renal tumorous lesions. Image quality revealed mostly minor diagnostic limitations for the mobile device, mean 2.9 (SD –0.300) and was excellent or with only minor diagnostic limitations for conventional high-end ultrasound, mean 3.25 (SD –0.438). CONCLUSION: Due to its easy application and its high diagnostic reliability, point-of-care ultrasound systems of the latest generation represent a valuable imaging method for the primary assessment of abdominal and thoracic findings, especially in patients on intensive care units or in emergency situations. KW - Point-of-care ultrasound KW - Vscan Air KW - high-end ultrasound Y1 - 2021 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch211197 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-211197 SN - 1875-8622 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 79 IS - 3 SP - 463 EP - 474 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Luderer, V. A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Brandenstein, M. A1 - Stroszczynski, Christian A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael T1 - First assessment of flow phenomena of acute and chronic thrombosis in the jugular veins using new ultrasound vector-flow imaging T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - AIM: First assessment of flow changes in the jugular veins using high resolution ultrasound vector flow. MATERIAL UND METHODS: 15 patients (8 males, 7 females) with an age range of 35 to 82 years (mean age 58.53±12.26 years) were examined by an experienced examiner using high power ultrasound equipment (Resona R9, Mindray) with probe technology (Mindray L9-3U Linear Array transducer, 2.5 to 9.0 MHz). This group was compared with five healthy subjects (mean age 35.4±13.79 years) as a reference. To assess flow changes, the color-coded duplex sonography and the novel vector flow technique were used. The evaluation was performed of vector morphology changes, turbulence, and wall resistance measurements. RESULTS: There were changes after acute and chronic thrombosis in 9 cases, and venous compression in 7 cases. Turbulence was measurable from 0.01 % to 64.44 %, the average turbulence was 19.73±22.06 % . Wall resistance measurement showed values from 0.01 Pa to 3.14 Pa, depending on the age of the thrombosis or compression. The reference veins showed turbulence of 0.94±1.5 % and a mean wall resistance of 0.05±0.05 Pa. There are statistically significant differences between normal and thrombotic or compressed veins in terms of maximum wall stress (p = 0.006) and mean degree of turbulence (p = 0.012), while the difference in mean wall stress is not statistically significant (p = 0.058). CONCLUSION: Despite still existing technical limitations, the combination of V-flow and wall stress measurements in jugular vein changes suggests a high diagnostic potential. KW - Thrombosis KW - vector-flow-imaging KW - high resolution ultrasound KW - color-coded duplex sonography Y1 - 2024 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch238117 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-238117 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 86 IS - 1-2 SP - 133 EP - 142 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Dong, Yi A1 - Kaiser, Ulrich T1 - Initial description of the novel handheld wireless ultrasound device TE Air with Doppler and Color Duplex imaging T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - OBJECTIVE: To test and initially describe a new handheld wireless ultrasound technique (TE Air) for clinical use. METHODS: In this pilot study, the new ultrasound device TE Air from Mindray was used to examine the hepatic and renal vessels of healthy volunteers for first impressions. The probe has a sector transducer with a frequency range of 1.8–4.5 MHz. The B-mode and color-coded doppler sonography (CCDS) scanning methods were used. A high-end device from the same company (Resona 9, Mindray) was used as a reference. The results were evaluated using an image rating scale ranging from 0 to 5, with 0 indicating not assessable and 5 indicating without limitations. RESULTS: Altogether, 61 participants (n = 34 female [55.7%], n = 27 male [44.3%]), age range 18–83 years, mean age 37.9±16.5 years) could be adequately studied using TE AIR and the high-end device. With one exception, the image quality score for TE Air never fell below 3 and had a mean/median scored of 4.97/5.00 for the B-mode, 4.92/5.00 for the color flow (CF) mode, and 4.89/5.00 for the pulse wave (PW) mode of the hepatic vein, 4.90/5.00 for the portal vein, 4.11/4.00 for the hepatic artery, and 4.57/5.00 for the renal segmental artery. A significant difference in the assessment of flow measurement of the hepatic artery and renal segmental arteries was found between TE AIR and the high-end device. CONCLUSIONS: TE Air represents a new dimension in point-of-care ultrasound via wireless handheld devices. Especially, its flow measurement ability offers a relevant advantage over other available handheld models. TE Air provides a formally sufficient image quality in terms of diagnostic significance. KW - Mindray KW - handheld ultrasound KW - TE Air KW - ultrasound KW - point-of-care ultrasound Y1 - 2024 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch238100 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-238100 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 86 IS - 1-2 SP - 89 EP - 97 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Dong, Yi A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Current aspects of multimodal ultrasound liver diagnostics using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), fat evaluation, fibrosis assessment, and perfusion analysis – An update T2 - Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation N2 - Current ultrasound multifrequency probes allow both improved detail resolution and depth of penetration when examining the liver. Also, new developments in vascular diagnostics, elastography with fibrosis assessment, evaluation of possible steatosis, and parametric and time intensity curve (TIC) analysis of dynamic microvascularization of the liver with contrast-enhanced ultrasound sonography (CEUS) complement ultrasound-guided diagnostics. State-of-the-art high-resolution technology includes a high frame rate (HiFR) mode for CEUS, fast shear wave measurements with the sound touch quantify (STQ) mode, artifact-free flow detection using HR flow and glazing flow in combination with a special flow-adapted imaging (Ultra Micro Angiography, UMA) and additionally different assessments of possible fatty liver (UltraSound ATtenuation Imaging Technology, USAT). In 50 cases with focal liver lesions, a multimodal liver diagnosis was performed with a still new high-performance ultrasound system as part of the clarification of questions from the university liver consultation and tumor outpatient clinic. KW - Contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) KW - fibrosis KW - perfusion analysis KW - liver cancer Y1 - 2023 UR - https://content.iospress.com/articles/clinical-hemorheology-and-microcirculation/ch239100 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-239100 SN - 1386-0291 VL - 83 IS - 2 SP - 181 EP - 193 ER -