TY - GEN A1 - Cohen, Julie Mark A1 - Wetzk, Volker T1 - Failures of US bridge rocker bearings T2 - Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering History and Heritage N2 - Bridge bearings made of iron or steel, first used in early railroad bridges about 150 years ago, are relatively small structural components that support the loads of bridge superstructures. Fixed bearings directly transfer forces from a bridges superstructure to its substructure. Movable bearings, such as sliding bearing plates, rollers and rockers, accommodate the thermal expansion of the superstructure without transferring it to the substructure. Rocker bearings tilt to accommodate thermal movement, theoretically without imposing stresses on the substructure. This paper concerns rocker bearings which are non-redundant components and have two states: stable and toppled over. When these bearings topple over, no alternate load paths exist, which results in a failed superstructure. As such, rocker bearings are critical bridge components. An overview is given of the history of use and failures of rocker bearings from nineteenth-century railroad bridges to US highway bridges with tall and slender rocker bearings that date from the late 1950s. KW - Bridge Bearings Y1 - 2016 SN - 1757-9430 VL - 169 IS - 3 SP - 123 EP - 129 ER -