TY - CHAP A1 - Caviedes-Voullieme, Daniel A1 - Martı́nez-Aranda, Sergio A1 - Fernández-Pato, Javier A1 - García-Palacín, Ignacio A1 - García-Navarro, Pilar ED - Schütze, Niels ED - Müller, Uwe ED - Schwarze, Robert ED - Wöhling, Thomas ED - Grundmann, Jens T1 - Measuring 2D transient shallow water surfaces: raising the benchmark challenges for 2D shallow water solvers T2 - M³ - Messen, Modellieren, Managen in Hydrologie und Wasserressourcenbewirtschaftung. Beiträge zum Tag der Hydrologie am 22./23. März 2018 an der Technischen Universität Dresden N2 - In the past decade, shallow water (SW) solvers have been dramatically improved both in terms of accuracy and computational power. The mathematical, numerical and computational improvements available in state-of-the-art solvers now allow for large scale, long term, high resolution simulations of river flooding, flash floods, dam-break phenomena, rainfall-runoff simulation and extensions into pollutants, substance and sediment transport, etc. SW solvers have been benchmarked against a set of test cases, ubiquitious in the literature. The solvers have been systematically verified against 1D and some 2D analytical solutions and validated further against 1D and 2D laboratory experiments, as well as some well-documented real-scale field cases. However, despite the 2D nature of many of these benchmark tests, none of them report 2D water surface elevation. Typically a few profiles are measured and reported, and more often, only a few points are available. Moreover, in field cases, often not even fully transient data is available. The reason for the inavailability of 2D transient water surface data is due to the technical difficulty of measuring a (fast) moving water surface. In most of the reported experiments, pressure gauges are often used to register water depth evolution, and sometimes PIV techniques have been used to obtain velocity fields. In experimental fluid mechanics, measuring the evolution of a free surface has received little attention, as it has been mainly understood as a problem for SW flows, and more recently for free surface granular flows. In consequence, this work aims to generate a new benchmarking dataset in which 2D transient water surfaces are available for SW model developers and users to further test and challenge these models. We argue that the availability of this new data can help identify limitations in the current generation of solvers, thus laying the ground for improvements in the near future. We present laboratory-scale experimental results on steady and unsteady 2D water surfaces performed in a laboratory flume, ranging from steady transcritical flow to dam-break flows around obstacles. The transient water surface was captured using a commercial-grade RGBD sensing device which allows to capture a high-frequency succession of 3D color-coded point clouds. The channel bed can also be registered in the same manner, thus also allowing to compute the 2D transient water-depth field. Color coding also allows to easily differentiate the channel bed, sidewalls and obstacles. The result of the experimental study is a novel collection of 2D benchmark SW cases, with transient water depth and water elevation data for the entire visible flow field. Furthermore, we compare the experimental measurements to 2D shallow water simulations performed with an extensively tested state-of-the-art solver to assess the suitability of this dataset to perform as benchmark test cases and identify some potential limitations of current models. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://tu-dresden.de/bu/umwelt/hydro/ihm/hydrologie/ressourcen/dateien/tdh2018/TdH_2018_Abstractband.pdf SP - S. 23 PB - Technische Universität CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Domin, Andrea A1 - Fernández-Pato, Javier A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - A numerical study on the influence of mìcrotopography on raìnfall-runoff-infiltration partitioning T2 - 4th International Symposium of Shallow Flows (ISSF 2017), Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands, 26.-28.06.2017 N2 - Microtopographic features, although minute relative to the hillslope scales, are not insignificant in terms of runoff generation, rain-runoff-infiltration partitioning and overall hillslope hydrological signals. As-sessing the effects of such small scale features, arguably requires mathematical models that can cope with microtopraphic complexity to adequately represent surface water dynamics, which in turn deter-mine hydrological signals at the hillslope scale. In this work, rain-runoff simulations are perfomed with a 2D shallow water model on a rectangular domain representing a hillslope with an idealized 2D sinusoidal microtopography. Several combinations of slope, wavelength and amplitudes were used to create over 500 surfaces on which simulations were performed in order to assess their hydrological response in terms of rainfallrunoff-infiltration partitioning. The results were analysed through several dimensionless indices which allow to observe the dependency of characteristic hydrological responses to mi-crotopography properties. They reveal a complex dependency of hydrological signatures to surface microtopography. In particular, the results show that the fraction of rainfall that results in infiltration is increased following a particular non-linear dependency on surface smoothness. Additionally, hydrograph properties and surface flow connectivity also show emerging patterns in response to microtopography. KW - shallow flows KW - microtopography KW - rainfall-runoff KW - onset of runoff KW - infiltration Y1 - 2017 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318226057_A_numerical_study_on_the_influence_of_microtopography_on_rainfall-runoff-infiltration_partitioning ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Martı́nez-Aranda, Sergio A1 - Fernández-Pato, Javier A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - García-Palacín, Ignacio A1 - García-Navarro, Pilar ED - La Loggia, Goffredo ED - Freni, Gabriele ED - Puleo, Valeria ED - De Marchis, Mauro T1 - Towards transient 2D experimental water surfaces: strengthening SW model validation T2 - HIC 2018, 13th International Conference on Hydroinformatics N2 - The measurement and simulation of 2D free-surface shallow flows is carried out in this work. For the experimental study a 3D-sensing device (Microsoft Kinect) is used to measure both steady and transient water surface elevation fields with different flow characteristics. This procedure provides 640x480 px resolution water surface level point clouds with a frequency ranging from 8 Hz to 30 Hz. The experimental measurements are compared with 2D finite volume simulations carried out by means of a robust and well-balanced numerical scheme able to deal with flow regime transitions and wet/dry fronts. A good agreement is found between experimental and numerical results for all the cases studied, demonstrating the capability of the RGB-D sensor to capture the water free-surface position accurately. This new experimental technique, which allows us to obtain 2D water depth fields in open- channel flows, leads to a wide range of promising capabilities in order to validate new shallow water models and to improve their accuracy and performance. KW - 3D-sensing device KW - finite volume method KW - open channel flow KW - water free-surface depth Y1 - 2018 UR - https://easychair.org/publications/paper/lXdF U6 - https://doi.org/10.29007/qpmx SP - 1324 EP - 1331 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Fernández-Pato, Javier A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Zero-Inertia vs full shallow water equations: a comparison for rainfall-runoff modelling T2 - Computational Methods in Water Resources XXII (CMWR 2018), Bridging gaps between data, models, and predictions KW - Shallow water equations KW - Diffusive-wave equation KW - rainfall-runoff Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.irisa.fr/sage/jocelyne/CMWR2018/pdf/CMWR2018_paper_147.pdf ER - TY - GEN A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Fernández-Pato, Javier A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Cellular Automata and Finite Volume solvers converge for 2D shallow flow modelling for hydrological modelling T2 - Journal of Hydrology N2 - Surface flows of hydrological interest, including overland flow, runoff, river and channel flow and flooding have received significant attention from modellers in the past 30 years. A growing effort to address these complex environmental problems is in place in the scientific community. Researchers have stud-ied and favoured a plethora of techniques to approach this issue, ranging from very simple empirically-based mathematical models, to physically-based, deductive and very formal numerical integration of systems of partial-differential equations. In this work, we review two families of methods: cell-based simulators – later called Cellular Automata – and Finite Volume solvers for the Zero-Inertia equation, which we show to converge into a single methodology given appropriate choices. Furthermore, this convergence, mathematically shown in this work, can also be identified by critically reviewing the exist-ing literature, which leads to the conclusion that two methods originating from different reasoning and fundamental philosophy, fundamentally converge into the same method. Moreover, acknowledging such convergence allows for some generalisation of properties of numerical schemes such as error behaviour and stability, which, importantly, is the same for the converging methodology, a fact with practical implications. Both the review of existing literature and reasoning in this work attempts to aid in the effort of synchronising and cross-fertilizing efforts to improve the understanding and the outlook of Zero-Inertia solvers for surface flows, as well as to help in clarifying the possible confusion and parallel develop-ments that may arise from the use of different terminology originating from historical reasons. Moreover, synchronising and unifying this knowledge-base can help clarify model capabilities, applicability and modelling issues for hydrological modellers, specially for those not deeply familiar with the mathematical and numerical details. KW - Surface runoff KW - Zero-inertia equation KW - Shallow-water equations KW - Cellular Automata KW - Finite Volume KW - Diffusive-wave equation Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169418304438 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.06.021 SN - 0022-1694 VL - 563 SP - 411 EP - 417 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pueyo, Y. A1 - Kéfi, S. A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Fernández-Pato, Javier T1 - Modelling the role of allelopathy on semiarid ecosystems controlled by plant-water feedbacks T2 - XIV MEDECOS & XIII AEET meeting, Human driven scenarios for evolutionary and ecological changes, Abstract book, 31st January - 4th February 2017, Seville, Spain N2 - Plant-plant biotic interactions (i.e. interference and facilitation) are important for the functioning of semi-arid ecosystems. Interference goes beyond competition for resources, and it can involve chemical interactions such as allelopathy. The presence of allelopathy can change the net interaction outcome between plants. For example, allelopathy can be a weapon of an inferior competitor for a limited resource. The output of the biotic interactions between a competitive superior and a competitive inferior plant competing for a limited resource could change if the competitive inferior plant is allelopathic. Moreover, in semiarid ecosystems, vegetation pattern is patchy, and plant establishment occurs predominantly in vegetation patches. Thus, community dynamics are highly dependent on local interactions between plants. Allelopathy could be relevant for plant community dynamics exploiting dynamic and patchy scarce resources, but this mechanism has seldom been explored. We aim to investigate the role of allelopathic interactions on ecosystem dynamics ruled by plant-water feedbacks with a modelling approach to understand its relevance and consequences for semi-arid ecosystems. Allelopathy was included mechanistically, by diffusion of allelopathic compounds with water movements in a spatially-explicit two species model (allelopathic and susceptible plants). We found that the balance between sensitivity to allelopathic compounds and cost of the allelopathic production is key for determining community composition at steady state. Moreover, the range of conditions that presented bistability was widened with the inclusion of allelopathy. These results imply that the ecosystem would be less resilient after perturbations and degraded states could be more stable when allelopathic plants dominate the community. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://www.medecos-aeet-meeting2017.es/ABSTRACT_BOOK_421_p.htm SP - S. 185 PB - Asociación Española de Ecología Terrestre (AEET) CY - Madrid ER - TY - GEN A1 - Martı́nez-Aranda, Sergio A1 - Fernández-Pato, Javier A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - García-Palacín, Ignacio A1 - García-Navarro, Pilar T1 - Towards transient experimental water surfaces: A new benchmark dataset for 2D shallow water solver T2 - Advances in Water Resources N2 - In the past decade, shallow water solvers have dramatically improved both in terms of accuracy and computational power. New mathematical models and numerical schemes have been systematically verified against 1D exact solutions and laboratory experiments. Despite the two-dimensional nature of some of these benchmark tests, none of them reports complete 2D water depth fields, but only a few profiles are measured and reported in the best case. This work reports a new benchmarking dataset for validation of shallow water solvers, in which two-dimensional transient water depth measurements are available for complex steady and transient laboratory flume experiments, ranging from transcritical steady flow to dam-break flows around obstacles and complex beds. The transient water surface was measured using a commercial-grade RGB-D sensing device which allows to capture a succession of color-coded point clouds at a high frequency. These experimental measurements are compared with 2D shallow water simulations carried out with an extensively tested finite volume solver. Results asses the suitability of this dataset to perform as benchmark tests, identifying potential limitations of current and future models. KW - Finite volumes KW - Shallow water equations KW - 3D-Sensing KW - RGB-D Sensor KW - Transient free-surface flow Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2018.08.013 SN - 0309-1708 SN - 1872-9657 VL - 121 SP - 130 EP - 149 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fernández-Pato, Javier A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - García-Navarro, Pilar T1 - Rainfall/runoff simulation with 2D full shallow water equations: Sensitivity analysis and calibration of infiltration parameters T2 - Journal of Hydrology N2 - One of the most difficult issues in the development of hydrologic models is to find a rigorous source of data and specific parameters to a given problem, on a given location that enable reliable calibration. In this paper, a distributed and physically based model (2D Shallow Water Equations) is used for surface flow and runoff calculations in combination with two infiltration laws (Horton and Green–Ampt) for estimating infiltration in a watershed. This technique offers the capability of assigning a local and timedependent infiltration rate to each computational cell depending on the available surface water, soil type or vegetation. We investigate how the calibration of parameters is affected by transient distributed Shallow Water model and the complexity of the problem. In the first part of this work, we calibrate the infiltration parameters for both Horton and Green–Ampt models under flat ponded soil conditions. Then, by means of synthetic test cases, we perform a space-distributed sensitivity analysis in order to show that this calibration can be significantly affected by the introduction of topography or rainfall. In the second part, parameter calibration for a real catchment is addressed by comparing the numerical simulations with two different sets of experimental data, corresponding to very different events in terms of the rainfall volume. We show that the initial conditions of the catchment and the rainfall pattern have a special relevance in the quality of the adjustment. Hence, it is shown that the topography of the catchment and the storm characteristics affect the calibration of infiltration parameters. KW - Finite volumes KW - Shallow-water equations KW - Hydrologic modeling KW - Infiltration models KW - Rain-runoff generation Y1 - 2016 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.03.021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.03.021 SN - 0022-1694 VL - 536 SP - 496 EP - 513 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Caviedes-Voullième, Daniel A1 - Fernández-Pato, Javier A1 - Hinz, Christoph T1 - Performance assessment of 2D Zero-Inertia and Shallow Water models for simulating rainfall-runoff processes T2 - Journal of Hydrology N2 - Rainfall-runoff simulations are increasingly being performed with physically-based and spatially distributed solvers. The current computational and numerical technology enables the use of full shallow water equations solvers to be applied for these type of flow problems. Nonetheless, Zero-Inertia (diffusive wave) solvers have been historically favoured due to their conceptual and mathematical simplicity in comparison to shallow water solvers, with the working assumption that the simplifications introduced by Zero-Inertia will have some assumable impact on accuracy but will also allow for computational efficiency. Since both types of solvers have been primarily developed, benchmarked and compared to each other for fluvial and floodplain simulations, it is relevant to assess t-he relative performance for rainfall-runoff problems. In this work, both solvers are applied to a set of six well known test cases with reference solutions. The performance of the solvers is assessed in terms of global signatures such as hydrographs and flooded areas, but also in terms of spatial distributions of depth and velocity, as well as computational cost. Furthermore, the comparisons are performed across different spatial resolutions. The results show that for rainfall-runoff problems explicit, finite volumes solvers for both equations provide a similar accuracy, but the shallow water solver requires less computational time. The Zero-Inertia solver was found to be less sensitive to mesh refining than the full shallow water solver. KW - Surface runoff KW - Runoff generation KW - Pluvial flooding KW - Zero-inertia equation KW - Shallow-water equations KW - Diffusive-wave equation Y1 - 2020 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169420301232 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124663 SN - 0022-1694 VL - 584 ER -