TY - GEN A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Bönisch, Eberhard A1 - Murray, Andrew S. T1 - Evidence of (pre-) historic to modern landscape and land use history near Jänschwalde (Brandenburg, Germany) T2 - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Suppl. N2 - In the apron of the active lignite opencast pit Jänschwalde (Brandenburg, Germany), three archaeological survey trenches were investigated in an area where aeolian sand deposits are widespread. The investigated sediment sequences contain evidence of aeolian morphodynamics, soil formation and agricultural land use. To study the age and the causes of sand drifting and surface stabilization, standard soil physical and chemical laboratory analyses as well as optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating (14C) were carried out. Two main sedimentological units were identified: Unit 1 consists of glacio-fluvial and Late Glacial aeolian sands representing the parent material for the native Podsol- Braunerde, while Unit 2 represents the Late Holocene aeolian deposits. Four periods of Late Glacial and Holocene aeolian activity and three phases of geomorphological stability have been identified: (i) Aeolian sedimentation during the Late Glacial, (ii) Mesolithic reactivation of aeolian processes, (iii) soil formation until Late Roman Iron Age settlers intensified the agricultural land use, (iv) intensive drift sand formation during the High Middle Ages due to agricultural expansion, (v) stabilization of the drift sands and weak soil formation, (vi) reactivation of aeolian processes due to the increasing wood consumption and charcoal production from the early 17th until the mid-19th century, (vii) surface stabilization and formation of Regosols since the mid-19th century due to afforestation. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2014/S-00162 SN - 1864-1687 VL - 58 IS - 2 SP - 7 EP - 31 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Towards an inventory of historic charcoal production fields in Brandenburg, Germany T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015 KW - historic charcoal production Y1 - 2015 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-3949.pdf N1 - EGU2015-3949 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Bönisch, Eberhard T1 - Holocene landscape reconstruction and land use changes in Lower Lusatia (Southern Brandenburg, East Germany) - pedological and geomorphological approaches T2 - 2010 GSA Annual Meeting in Denver Colorado, USA 2010, 31 October – 3 November N2 - Modern lignite mining in southern Brandenburg (East Germany) causes the destruction of entire landscapes. To date, research concentrated on the reclamation of areas affected by mining-related activities, but the significance of prehistoric and historic cultures on land use changes is disregarded. Recently, a joint research project was launched for interdisciplinary long-term palaeoenvironmental research and to study anthropogenic landscape change in southern Brandenburg. The project partners are geoscientists from the Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus and archaeologists from the Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Museum (BLDAM), within the scope of this project pedological and geomorphological investigations are carried out to reconstruct Holocene landscape and land use change in the apron of the opencast pit Jänschwalde (Lower Lusatia), c. 100 southeast of Berlin and c. 15 km northeast of Cottbus. By law large-scale surveys and excavations have to be carried out in the forefield to document all archaeological findings. In combination with the excellent outcrop situation the archaeological investigation offers ideal conditions to study the soil geomorphology on a landscape scale. Fieldwork includes topographical surveying by differential GPS. Soils and sediments are described along cross-sections (up to 140 m long, up to 2 m deep). Field-portable XRF analyzes (FPXRF) is used for a quick characterization of total element concentrations of the substrates. Standard analytical methods (e.g., soil texture, contents of pedogenic oxides) are carried out in the laboratory. To obtain chronological information, radiocarbon and OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) dating are applied on suitable material. Evidence of different land use and land use change in the study area is abundant. For example, at several cross-sections agricultural soil horizons are covered with up to 150 cm thick eolian sands, proving that deforestation and agricultural use induced eolian soil erosion. In addition, remnants of charcoal piles buried under up to 150 cm thick eolian sands indicate remobilization of Quaternary sands as a consequence of clearing for charcoal production. The ongoing investigations will concentrate on fieldwork. Preliminary results are presented. Y1 - 2010 SP - S. 419 PB - Geological Society of America CY - Boulder, Colo. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Ritschl, Bosse A1 - Raab, Thomas ED - Schopper, Franz ED - Bönisch, Eberhard T1 - Geophysikalische Prospektion und Mikrodrohnenbefliegungen zur Dokumentation von Meilerplätzen in der Jänschwalder Heide T2 - Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlerevier 2013/2014 Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-910011-79-3 SP - 145 EP - 154 PB - Brandenburgisches LAndesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum CY - Zossen OT Wünsdorf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Integrative Application of Traditional and Cutting-Edge Techniques to Reconstruct Holocene Earth Surface Processes and Landscape Dynamics - A Case Study from the Northern German Lowland T2 - AGU Joint Assembly, Montreal, 2015, abstracts listing N2 - This study outlines the opportunities to reconstruct Holocene landscape dynamics in active opencast lignite mines in southern Brandenburg (Germany). Studies on extensive outcrops that address geomorphology, pedology and archaeology provide unique insights into human-induced environmental changes. Our approach uses a variety of traditional and cutting-edge techniques to characterize small-scale landforms (high-resolution DEMs by micro-drone and LiDAR), to analyze soils and substrate properties in the field (GPR, ERT, geomagnetics, Field Portable XRF and XRD) and to provide chronological information (OSL, 14C, tree-ring dating). This approach is combined with a GIS for data integration. We present the most recent results and review important findings from the last several years. Studies conducted in the opencast mines focus on soil development and Late Quaternary geomorphodynamics and as well as past land use and the legacy of agriculture and woodland use. Our results regarding the human-induced geomorphodynamics are similar to those in other regions in Central Europe, but we also observe regional differences caused by the local setting, e.g., intensification of soil erosion coinciding with the expansion of farming of cultivated lands in the Slavic Middle Ages. By analyzing LiDAR data the largest area of historical charcoal production in the Northern European Lowland (NEL) has been revealed. We are clearly only beginning to understand the massive dimensions of charcoal production in the region and the impact on late Holocene geomorphodynamics. The usage of new high-resolution imagery is essential to identify small-scale anthropogenic landforms hidden in the landscape. Future work will consist of developing and improving our integrative approach. However, comprehensive ground truth data provided by the archaeological prospections in the open-cast mines are an excellent basis for GIS-based analyses of high-resolution ALS data and geomorphological research. Y1 - 2015 UR - http://www.mineralogicalassociation.ca/doc/2015_Joint_Assembly_Abstract_Proceedings.pdf N1 - ES33A-01 SP - 135 EP - 136 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Mapping historic charcoal production fields from excavation to landscape scale T2 - AGU Joint Assembly, Montreal, 2015, abstracts listing N2 - In the forefield of the open-cast mine Jänschwalde (north of Cottbus, Germany), archaeological excavations have revealed one of the largest charcoal production fields described so far. As remains of the historic charcoal kilns, small mounds of sediment rich in charcoal fragments and ash cover the soil surface. We applied a combination of methods for mapping such kiln relicts across a range of scales, in order to analyze the spatial distribution of kiln sites and to improve the understanding of historic forest use systems. In archaeological excavations in the mine forefield, the geometry of kiln relicts could be studied in high detail. We used a microdrone to record high-resolution photographs of excavation sites for the documentation of kiln site ground plans and other traces of historic land use. Based on airborne laser scanning elevation models, kiln site mapping was extended to areas beyond the mine forefield. Manual digitization from shaded relief maps was used for mapping kiln sites in further woodland areas surrounding an historic ironwork north of Cottbus. An automated mapping approach based on template matching was developed to detect charcoal production fields on a larger scale, and was applied for an area of about 1000 km2up to now. In archaeological excavations, about 900 kiln sites have been documented on an approximately 17 km2 large area. Excavation documentations and aerial photographs show variations in the kiln site ground plans. By manual digitization from Shaded Relief Maps, more than 5000 kiln sites with diameters up to 29 m were detected in the 32 km2 area of the royal forest Jänschwalder Heide north of Cottbus. First results of mapping for larger areas indicate similar densities, but smaller diameters of kiln sites in other charcoal production fields; and show that charcoal production is a so far underestimated component of the land use history in many areas in the Northern European Lowlands. Y1 - 2015 UR - http://www.mineralogicalassociation.ca/doc/2015_Joint_Assembly_Abstract_Proceedings.pdf N1 - GA44A-0124 SP - 168 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Mapping the legacies of historic charcoal production T2 - American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting San Franisco, USA, 2014 N2 - The historic production of charcoal is an important component of the late Holocene fire history for many landscapes. Charcoal production can have numerous effects on ecosystems, e.g., through changes in forest area and structure, or through the effects of pyrolysis, charcoal and ash addition to soils. To assess such effects, it is necessary to understand the spatial extent and patterns of historic charcoal production, which has so far hardly been approached for the Northern European Lowlands. In the forefield of the open-cast mine Jänschwalde (north of Cottbus, Germany), archaeological excavations have revealed one of the largest charcoal production fields described so far. For this area, we applied and evaluated different methods for mapping the spatial distribution of charcoal kiln remains. We present methods and results of our work in this exceptionally well-described charcoal production field and of additional studies on kiln site distribution in regions of the Northern European Lowlands. The large-scale excavations in the mine forefield provide exact information on kiln site geometry. Using airborne laser scanning elevation models, the mapping of kiln sites could be extended to areas beyond the mine forefield. To detect kiln sites for larger areas, an automated GIS based mapping routine, based on a combination of morphometric parameters, was developed and evaluated. By manual digitization from Shaded Relief Maps, more than 5000 kiln sites in an area of 32 km2 were detected in the Jänschwalde mine forefield, with 1355 kiln sites that are wider than 12 m. These relatively large kiln sites could be mapped with detection rates that are close to those of manual digitization using the automated routine. First results for different study areas indicate that charcoal production is a so far underestimated component of the land use history in many parts of the Northern European Lowlands. Y1 - 2014 UR - http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.H43D0989S N1 - H43D-0989 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Landnutzungsgeschichte und historische Landschaftsentwicklung in der Niederlausitz – Neue Befunde und aktuelle Forschung T2 - Jahrestagung Arbeitskreis Geoarchäologie, Tübingen, 4. Mai bis 7. Mai 2016 N2 - Seit 2010 untersucht eine interdisziplinäre Forschergruppe der BTU, des BLDAM und des LBGR die Landnutzungsgeschichte sowie die natürliche und anthropogen induzierte Landschaftsentwicklung in der Niederlausitz, Brandenburg. Systematische archäologische Grabungen des BLDAM im Vorfeld der laufenden Tagebaue sind eine wichtige Grundlage für geopedologische Untersuchungen. Die Arbeiten hatten zunächst ihren räumlichen Schwerpunkt in den Braunkohletagebauen nordöstlich von Cottbus (Tgb. Cottbus Nord, Tgb. Jänschwalde) und wurden dann ausgedehnt auf weitere Forstflächen nördlich von Peitz. Wir geben einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse der letzten Jahre, präsentieren aktuelle Ergebnisse und zeigen zukünftige Forschungsfelder auf. Im Tagebau Jänschwalde sind zwischenzeitlich mehr als 1000 Relikte von Holzkohlmeilern (HKM) als Zeugen einer intensiven historischen Holznutzung archäologisch dokumentiert. Mit Stand Januar 2016 liegen Dendroalter von 64 HKM vor. Die Alter schwanken zwischen dem ausgehenden 16. Jahrhundert und der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts, was in etwa dem Betriebszeitraum des Hüttenwerks in Peitz entspricht. Die Mehrzahl der Meiler datiert auf den Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts. Weitere Hinterlassenschaften der historischen Landnutzung sind u.a. Wölbäcker und begrabene Ackerböden. Fossile Böden und ehemalige Landoberflächen sind stellenweise mit äolischen Sedimenten überdeckt. 14C- und OSL-Datierungen an diesen Böden und Sedimenten lassen auf eine Intensivierung der äolischen Aktivität zur slawischen Zeit und im Deutschen Mittelalter schließen. Einige Relikte von HKM sind mit Sand überweht worden, und an einer Stelle konnte das Alter dieser äolischen Sedimentation mittels Dendrodatierung des begrabenen Meilers auf1850 oder jünger bestimmt werden. Allerdings stellt dies die Ausnahme dar. Der weitaus größere Teil der HKM-Relikte liegt direkt an der Oberfläche und ist nicht begraben, was auf eine sehr geringe Winderosion in der Neuzeit schließen lässt. Seit 2015 konnte im Rahmen des DFG-Projekts „Räumliche und zeitliche Dimension der historischen Köhlerei im Tauerschen Forst (Niederlausitz, Brandenburg). Ein Beitrag zur Kulturlandschaftsentwicklung des Norddeutschen Tieflands“ (Az RA 1129/3-1; RA 931/6-1) ein weiteres Gebiet mit hoher HKM-Dichte untersucht werden. Erste Auswertungen der LiDAR-Daten ergeben eine Anzahl von 4449 ehemaligen Meilerstandorten im Tauerschen Forst. 26 Meilerstellen sind beprobt, die Dendroalter hierzu sind in Bearbeitung. Ebenfalls in jüngerer Zeit fanden Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung von HKM-Relikten für das gesamte Land Brandenburg statt. Mit Hilfe eines binären Modells wurden Gebiete mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit von HKM-Standorten detektiert. Im Rahmen des im November 2016 beginnenden DFG-Projekts „Die historische Köhlerei in Brandenburg - Analyse der räumlichen Dimension und der Effekte auf bodenhydraulische Eigenschaften“ (SCHN 1349/1-1) sollen nun neben der Verbreitung der historischen Köhlerei auch bodenrelevante Auswirkungen beschrieben und bewertet werden. Y1 - 2016 UR - https://akgeoarchaeologie.de/de/180 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Takla, Melanie A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Müller, Frank A1 - Heußner, Karl-Uwe A1 - Rösler, Horst T1 - Reconstructing anthropogenic landscape transformation in the surroundings of the ironwork Peitz (SE Brandenburg, Germany) - 16th to mid-19th centuries T2 - 4th International Landscape Archaeology Conference, Uppsala, 22nd - 25th August 2016 N2 - Various sources provide information about land use history and landscape transformation. For a variety of reasons, the quality of information differs and is often discontinuous or incomplete. In this interdisciplinary study we take advantage of comprehensive archaeological data gathered by large-scale excavations that were necessary because of opencast lignite mining in Lusatia, Brandenburg, Germany. By using a GIS we integrate these archaeological findings with results from archival and literature studies, from historical maps, from landforms and soils as well as from analyses of shaded-relief maps derived from up-to-date LiDAR data. The long-term aim is to develop a palaeoenvironmental model and thus to reconstruct landscape changes caused by human activities. The focus of the study is the Peitz ironwork in SE Brandenburg, which was a large consumer of commodities for about 300 years. During the time it operated, extensive transformations are supposed to have affected the landscape in the vicinity because of wood consumption and especially charcoal production. Digital datasets about forested areas for different timespans reconstructed from historical maps were made available. In combination with dendrochronological dating of charred trees, the spatiotemporal dimension of charcoal kilns was determined. Also, sites of former bog iron ore mining could be identified. Moreover, the different sources contain further information about other forms of land uses such as agriculture, pastoralism and even viticulture. In conclusion we can highlight that the mosaic of past land use systems is different from the modern structure but that major changes in the forests have been retained. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://www.arkeologi.uu.se/digitalAssets/447/c_447246-l_1-k_20160816_lac_booklet.pdf SP - S. 152 PB - Department of archaeology and ancient history, Uppsala university, CY - Uppsala ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Rösler, Horst A1 - Heußner, Karl-Uwe A1 - Hirsch, Florian T1 - Spatial distribution of relict charcoal hearths in the former royal forest district Tauer (SE Brandenburg, Germany) T2 - Quaternary International N2 - Historical charcoal production has long been an unconsidered type of forest utilization in lowland areas. The archaeological discovery of a large charcoal burning area in the forefield of the active opencast lignite mine J€anschwalde in SE Brandenburg (North German Lowlands) has highlighted the need for multidisciplinary research in the study of the dimensions of historical charcoal burning. The charcoal produced in our study area, the former royal forest district Tauer, provided energy for the nearby Peitz ironworks during its operation from the mid-16th to the mid-19th century. Here, we aimed to record the amount, size and distribution of relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) to examine their context with respect to the ironworks and to better understand the potential impacts on late Quaternary landscape change. The applied methods combined archaeological research with shaded-relief mapping of RCHs. To evaluate the detection success of RCHs in the shaded-relief maps (SRMs), we compared the results with the results from specific archaeological surveys and conventional forest site mapping. Furthermore, we analyzed our dataset with descriptive, comparable and spatial statistics. Additionally, dendrochronological dating of charcoal fragments from selected RCHs was used to investigate the temporal relationships among the RCHs. Approximately 6000 circular RCHs were manually digitally identified in the SRMs of the 109-km2 evaluable area. However, ground truthing showed that the shaded-relief maps could not completely capture all RCHs in our study area due to local conditions. At the regional scale, two focus areas with high RCH site densities were found. Statistical analysis revealed that the diameters of the RCHs range widely from 4 to 30.5 m. Spatial statistics were applied to the RCH diameters to aggregate areas with larger or smaller RCHs. At the small scale, no systematic arrangement of RCHs was obvious in the SRMs. Dendrochronological dating of selected RCHs lying close together could not detect significant spatiotemporal relationships or patterns. The dating results also showed that some areas have been preferentially used for charcoal production for over 300 years. Due to the homogeneity of the physiogeographical location factors, we assume that these factors are not superficially responsible for site selection. Instead, economic location factors and contemporary regulations are more likely responsible for the distribution of RCHs. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.07.022 SN - 1040-6182 VL - Vol. 511 SP - 153 EP - 165 ER -