TY - RPRT A1 - Herd, Rainer A1 - Schafrik, Wladislaw T1 - Detektion der Süß-/Salzwassergrenze bis 150 m Tiefe mittels geoelektrischen und elektromagnetischen Untersuchungen im Raum Hohenbinde bei Erkner : Projektzeitraum: 01.04.2021-30.11.2021 KW - Süß-/Salzwassergrenze KW - Geoelektrik KW - Elektromagnetik Y1 - 2021 PB - Lehrstuhl Rohstoff- und Ressourcenwirtschaft CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schramm, Tim A1 - Herd, Rainer T1 - Geogene Grundwasserversalzung in Berlin T2 - Brandenburgische geowissenschaftliche Beiträge Y1 - 2020 UR - https://lbgr.brandenburg.de/lbgr/de/geologischer-dienst/brandenburgische-geowissenschaftliche-beitraege/ SN - 0947-1995 VL - 27 IS - 1/2 SP - 47 EP - 60 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Herd, Rainer T1 - Aerogeophysikalische Rohstofferkundung in der Mongolei – ein Projekt im Rahmen der Deutsch-Mongolischen Rohstoffpartnerschaft T2 - Kritische Rohstoffe, Gewinnung bis Entsorgung: Die Geowissenschaften als Problemlöser : Tagung der Leibniz-Sozietät der Wissenschaften am 17.03.2022 N2 - Aus verschiedenen Gründen entwickelte der Lehrstuhl Rohstoff- und Ressourcenwirtschaft der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg mit internationalen Partnern ein Multisensor-Airborne-Erkundungssystem auf der Basis eines Ultraleichtflugzeugs. Im Rahmen der Deutsch-Mongolischen Rohstoffpartnerschaft wurde dieses System für aerogeophysikalische Rohstofferkundungen in die Mongolei transportiert. Im Verlauf des Projekts hatte das dreiköpfige Team mit unterschiedlichen technischen, administrativen und klimatischen Bedingungen zu kämpfen. Während einer vierwöchigen Messkampagne wurden zwei Gebiete, ein Gebiet im Bereich Zentralgobi und ein zweites im Hangai-Gebirge beflogen. Die Mongolei, ein Flächenland mit nur gering entwickelter Infrastruktur, ist einerseits prädestiniert für den Einsatz von aerogeophysikalischen Erkundungen, andererseits stellen die klimatischen Bedingungen, starke und früh einsetzende Winde sowie starke vertikale Luftbewegungen (Thermik) aufgrund intensiver Sonneneinstrahlung und geringer Vegetation eine besondere Herausforderung für exakte Messflüge dar. Erschwerend kommt eine gering ausgebildete fliegerische Infrastruktur (häufig unzureichende Qualität von Landepisten, geringe Verfügbarkeit von Flugzeugtreibstoff außerhalb der Hauptstadt, fehlende Hangariermöglichkeit) hinzu sowie eine stark ausgeprägte Topographie mit Gipfelhöhen von 4000 m in den westlichen Landesteilen. Die erfolgreiche Durchführung von aerogeophysikalischen Erkundungen ist, wie der vorliegende Beitrag belegt, dennoch möglich und sinnvoll, sollte aber aufgrund der besonderen Bedingungen sorgfältig vorbereitet und detailliert geplant werden. N2 - For various reasons, the Chair of Raw Materials and Resource Management at the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg developed a multisensor airborne exploration system based on an ultralight aircraft with international partners. Within the framework of the German-Mongolian Raw Materials Partnership, this system was transported to Mongolia for aerogeophysical raw materials exploration. In the course of the project, the three-member team had to cope with different technical, administrative and climatic conditions. During a four-week measurement campaign, two areas were flown, one in the Central Gobi area and a second in the Hangai Mountains. Mongolia, a landlocked country with only a poorly developed infrastructure, is on the one hand predestined for the use of aerogeophysical surveys. On the other hand, the climatic conditions, strong and early onset winds as well as strong vertical air movements (thermals) due to intense solar radiation and low vegetation pose a particular challenge for accurate measurement flights. Further complicating the situation is a poorly developed aeronautical infrastructure (often inadequate quality of airstrips, low availability of jet fuel outside the capital, lack of hangar facilities) as well as a highly pronounced topography with peak elevations of 4000 m in the western parts of the country. Successful execution of aerogeophysical reconnaissance is nevertheless possible and useful, as this paper demonstrates, but should be carefully prepared and planned in detail because of the special conditions. KW - Magnetik-Messungen KW - Multisensor-Airborne-Erkundungssystem KW - Ultraleichtflugzeug KW - Deutsch-Mongolische Rohstoffpartnerschaft KW - aerogeophysikalischen Erkundungen KW - multisensor airborne exploration system KW - ultralight aircraft KW - German-Mongolian Raw Materials Partnership KW - aerogeophysical surveys KW - magnetics measurements Y1 - 2022 UR - https://leibnizsozietaet.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/SB154-1.pdf SN - 0947-5850 SP - 43 EP - 50 PB - trafo Wissenschaftsverlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Herd, Rainer A1 - Schafrik, Wladislaw T1 - Detektion der Süß-/Salzwassergrenze bis 150 m Tiefe mittels geoelektrischer und elektromagnetischer Untersuchungen bei Hangelsberg (Brandenburg) : Projektzeitraum: 01.04.2022 – 30.11.2022 KW - Elektromagnetik KW - Geoelektrik KW - Süß-/Salzwassergrenze Y1 - 2022 PB - Lehrstuhl Rohstoff- und Ressourcenwirtschaft CY - Cottbus ER - TY - GEN A1 - Herd, Rainer T1 - Five years of raw material exploration with the ultra-light airborne system D-MTUC in Mongolia – a review T2 - 2nd International Conference "Resources and Technology" (RESAT 2023) at the German-Mongolian Institute for Resources and Technology (GMIT) N2 - Within the frame of the 'German-Mongolian Raw Material Partnership', the multi-sensor airborne investigation system D-MTUC was transported 2018 to Mongolia for raw material exploration in cooperation with the German-Mongolian insititute for Resources and Technology (GMIT) and the Mineral Resource and Petroleum Authority for Mongolia. The geoscientific instrumentation of the system comprehends a Csl-y-spectrometer of MEDUSA, Netherlands, 2 K-magnetometer of GEM, Canada, a VLF-EM-receiver of RMS, Canada and a data acquisitation and control system of GeoDuster, RSA with the opinion of further sensor installations, for details see Herd and Holst (2015). The sensor configuration enables the system to operate at low speed and low altitude for mineral exploration, geological mapping, detection of freshwater resources and brine and different enviromental monitoring missions. KW - Airborne geophysics KW - Raw material exploration KW - Ultra-light aircraft KW - Mongolia Y1 - 2023 UR - https://resat.gmit.mn/assets/Abstracts-RESAT2023.pdf SP - 17 EP - 18 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Herd, Rainer A1 - Dörre, Bert A1 - Wackerle, R. A1 - Holst, Jonathan T1 - Leben in einer Jurte - aerogeophysikalische Untersuchungen mit dem Multi-Sensor-Erkundungssystem D-MTUC in der Mongolei T2 - 83. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft in Bremen, 05.–09. März 2023 N2 - Aus verschiedenen Gründen entwickelte der Lehrstuhl Rohstoff­ und Ressourcenmanagement der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität Cottbus mit internationalen Partnern ein „low noise“ Multi­Sensor-Erkundungssystem auf Basis eines Ultraleichtflugzeugs. Die geowissenschaftliche Instrumentierung des Systems umfasst ein CsI­y­Spektrometer, 2 K­Magnetometer, einen VLF­EM­Empfänger und die Möglichkeit zur Installation weiterer Sensoren, Details siehe bei Herd und Holst (2015). Im Rahmen der „Deutsch­Mongolischen Rohstoffpartnerschaft“ wurde das System 2018 für Rohstofferkundungen per LKW in die Mongolei verschickt. Partner vor Ort sind die Deutsch­Mongolische Hochschule für Rohstoffe und Technologie und die Mineral Resource and Petroleum Authority of Mongolia. Bevor die wissenschaftliche Mission starten konnte, mussten in intensiven Gesprächen mit der mongolischen Zivilluftfahrtbehörde (MCAA) administrative Schwierigkeiten ausgeräumt werden. Anschließend musste das Forscherteam diverse Herausforderungen bewältigen: raue Wind­ und Wetterbedingungen, starke Thermik, begrenzte Verfügbarkeit von 98­Oktan­Kraftstoff, verunreinigter Kraftstoff, der zu vorübergehenden Motorausfällen führte, Schotterpisten, die die Propellerblätter beeinträchtigten, usw. Dennoch konnten verschiedene Gebiete in der zentralen Wüste Gobi, im Hangai­Gebirge und im Großraum Ulan Bator untersucht und akzeptable Ergebnisse erzielt werden. Insgesamt wurden 4600 Linienkilometer bzw. 750 km² beflogen. Die Linienabstände betrugen 100 m und 250 m, die Flughöhe betrug 100 m, trotz teilweise intensiver Topographie. Die durchschnittliche Fluggeschwindigkeit während der Vermessung betrug 120 km/h mit einer Abtastrate von 10 Hz für die Magnetometer und 1 Hz für das Spektrometer. Da die Mongolei in Bezug auf zivile Luftfahrt noch recht jungfräulich ist, wurde hier Pionierarbeit geleistet. Für weitere ähnliche Missionen ist das Eis gebrochen. Das Verbundwerkstoff­Flugzeug sowie die Sensoren erwiesen sich als sehr robust und zuverlässig. Der Treibstoffverbrauch lag bei 10­15 l/h MOGAS 98, was zu niedrigen Kosten führte. Es zeigte sich, dass Vermessungsflüge mit ultraleichten Systemen in der Mongolei möglich sind, aber aufgrund der erwähnten Bedingungen sorgfältig geplant werden müssen. Die Erfahrungen und Eindrücke dieser ungewöhnlichen wissenschaftlichen Mission werden vorgestellt Y1 - 2023 UR - https://dgg2023.dgg-tagung.de/ SN - 0344­-7251 SP - 152 EP - 152 CY - Bremen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stöllner, Thomas A1 - Aali, Abolfazl A1 - Boenke, Nicole A1 - Davoudi, Hossein A1 - Draganits, Erich A1 - Fathi, Homa A1 - Franke, Kristina A. A1 - Herd, Rainer A1 - Kosczinski, Katja A1 - Mashkour, Marjan A1 - Mostafapour, Iman A1 - Nezafati, Nima A1 - Öhrström, Lena A1 - Rühli, Frank A1 - Saeidi, Sahand A1 - Schapals, Fabian A1 - Schimerl, Nicolas A1 - Sikorski, Beate A1 - Zifar, Hamed T1 - Salt Mining and Salt Miners at Talkherud–Douzlākh, Northwestern Iran: From Landscape to Resource-Scape T2 - Journal of World Prehistory N2 - The Douzlākh salt deposit (region: Māhneshān, Zanjān Province, Iran) is unique for its pure and crystal rock salt and was an important supplier of culinary (‘table’) salt in Achaemenid, Sassanid and Middle Islamic times. At the same time, the site was of central importance to the economic life of the rural populations in the Talkherud Basin. This article focuses on the question of which strategies were decisive for the exploitation of the salt mountain and how a potential supra-regional interest in the culinary salt was perhaps reciprocally connected with a rural hinterland. This hinterland was recently investigated in greater detail by our ongoing research. Did a resource-scape based on salt develop with specific economic and social strategies and practices around the Douzlākh? And was this development triggered by state or imperial control and demand? These questions are being pursued from a perspective utilising a variety of subjects and methods in archaeology, archaeobiology, archaeometry and geoarchaeology. In addition to a detailed on-site artefact study, several on- and off-site datasets have been collected and analysed within a multidisciplinary framework. This article synthesises the results of a major 12-year project to identify the organisational principles and daily practices within this specific salt-scape. The sensational finds of the Douzlākh salt mummies, along with the generally outstanding preservation of organic ecofacts and artefacts, allow insights into antique lifeworlds that are otherwise hard to come by. The multidisciplinary study of on- and off-site data allows far-reaching insights into interdisciplinary topics, such as the social system, supply and logistics, or the presence of non-local or non-indigenous populations. KW - Salt KW - Mining KW - Achaemenid KW - Sasanian KW - Mummies KW - Resource-scape Y1 - 2024 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10963-024-09183-z#citeas U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10963-024-09183-z VL - 2024 IS - Volume 37 SP - 61 EP - 140 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ijioma, Uche Dickson A1 - Ijioma, Michael A1 - Herd, Rainer T1 - Assessment of quality and health risks in drinking water sources in Aba, Nigeria T2 - Water practice & technology N2 - Unregulated urban activities significantly impact drinking water quality in many developing communities. This study applied a Water Safety Plan (WSP) to assess water quality, health risks, and the effects of harmful environmental practices in Aba, Nigeria, where the waterworks infrastructure is dysfunctional. The datasets used were collected from physicochemical, chemical, and bacteriological analyses of drinking water samples (natural sources: n = 60, secondary sources: n = 19), along with household surveys (120) and semi-structured expert interviews (10). Findings revealed that groundwater is the primary drinking water source, with most facilities classified as improved sources. However, poor sanitation practices, particularly improper septage disposal, were identified as major contributors to water contamination. Risk assessments based on hazard quotient/index (HQ/HI , 1) indicated low health concerns overall, but higher risks were observed in areas with intense urbanization. Bacteriological analysis showed severe contamination in the Aba River, while sachet water posed significant health risks due to the presence of E. coli and total coliform bacteria in some cases. Despite existing environmental policies in Nigeria, weak institutional frameworks and ineffective local governance hinder effective water quality management. Addressing these challenges requires stronger regulatory enforcement and locally adapted strategies to ensure safe drinking water access. KW - Drinking water quality KW - Hazard quotient/index KW - Microbial quality KW - Nigeria KW - Water safety plan Y1 - 2025 UR - http://iwaponline.com/wpt/article-pdf/20/4/937/1548284/wpt2025042.pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2025.042 SN - 1751-231X VL - 20 IS - 4 SP - 937 EP - 953 PB - IWA Publishing CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Herd, Rainer T1 - Airborne geophysics in Mongolia – a new approach T2 - Proceedings of the Geomine2024 Biannual International Conference on Geology and Mining KW - Airborne geophysics KW - Raw material exploration KW - Ultra-light aircraft KW - Mongolia Y1 - 2024 UR - https://geomine.must.edu.mn/media/uploads/2025/01/08/geomine-proceedings-202410.pdf SN - 978-9919-506-81-0 VL - 2024 SP - 47 EP - 49 PB - MUST Press CY - Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kashani, Natascha Bagherpour A1 - Boenke, Nicole A1 - Herd, Rainer T1 - The resource water, climate change, and resilience at Douzlākh T2 - ResourceScapes in the Iranian highlands : soils, water, wind and minerals as factors of appropriation and integration N2 - The Iranian highlands are characterized by very special resource conditions: although being dominated in large parts by aridity, the presence of ecological niches and specific weather phenomena, along with rich deposits of minerals and raw materials, provide livelihoods for pre-modern societies. These conditions have favoured the development of different but also specific practices based on intricate knowledge of individual resources. Ancient communities in this region have developed very special strategies that utilise the originally unfavourable circumstances to their advantage and have thus similarly shaped the landscape accordingly. Everyday practices of resource acquisition and utilisation can thus be understood as culturally integrating latent factors, which in turn have to be examined diachronically in regards to their particular appearance, their temporal representation as well as their effects on subsistence and exchange systems. Unfavourable soil conditions were exploited, as were extreme winds, and the development of resilience strategies led to the development of new technologies that can also be helpful today in times of extreme climate conditions. Furthermore, resources are not only experienced as mere materials to support physical existence but are often also deeply interwoven with cosmic ideas and the spiritual well-being of humans and communities. This volume represents the contributions of the international workshop on ‘ResourceScapes in the Iranian Highlands – Water, Wind and Minerals as Factors of Appropriation and Integration’ held on the 12th and 13th September 2022 at the Institute of Archaeological Studies, Ruhr-University Bochum in cooperation with the German Mining Museum. This book is the third volume of a series published by the German-Iranian research cooperation The Iranian Highlands: Resiliences and Integration in Premodern Societies. The goal of the research project it is to shine a new light on communities and societies that populated the Iranian highlands and their more or less successful strategies to cope with the many vagaries, the constant changes and risks of their natural and humanly shaped environments. KW - Archaeology KW - Iranian highlands KW - Resources KW - Resilience KW - Minerals KW - Palaeoenvironment KW - Landscape KW - Soil KW - Mining KW - Metallurgy KW - Economic organisation KW - Socio-political organisation KW - Pre-modern societies KW - Adaptive strategies Y1 - 2025 UR - https://www.sidestone.com/books/resourcescapes-in-the-iranian-highlands SN - 9789464271386 SN - 9789464271393 U6 - https://doi.org/10.59641/dd812gp SP - 105 EP - 110 PB - Sidestone Press CY - Leiden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herd, Rainer ED - Stöllner, Thomas ED - Aali, Abolfazl ED - Bagherpour Kashani, Natascha T1 - Die Bildung von Salzlagerstätten und der Salzberg von Douzlākh bei Chehrābād T2 - Tod im Salz - Eine archäologische Ermittlung in Persien KW - Salz KW - Salzlagerstätten KW - Persien Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.na-verlag.de/programm/x/xq/xqv/tod-im-salz-2/ SN - 978-3-96176-141-8 SP - 23 EP - 28 PB - Nünnerich-Asmus Verlag CY - Oppenheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herd, Rainer ED - Pfaff, Gerhard ED - Greiling, Reinhard O. ED - Hilgers, Christoph ED - Müller, Axel T1 - D-MTUC das airborne Rohstofferkundungssystem der BTU T2 - Das neue europäische Gesetz zu kritischen Rohstoffen : the Critical Raw Materials Act : Herausforderungen und Maßnahmen : Kolloquium der Leibniz-Sozietät der Wissenschaften am 20. März 2025 N2 - D-MTUC is the identification of the research aircraft of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg. It was developed in 2012/2013 with international partners at the Chair of Raw Materials and Natural Resource Management under the direction of Prof. Herd as a raw material exploration system. The D-MTUC investigation system is based on a modified ultralight aircraft of the type “VIRUS SW 100” from the Slovenian manufacturer Pipistrel. It was designed as a low magnetic noise multi-sensor system. Depending on the application, various sensors can be installed under the wings, at the wing tips, in the fuselage or under the fuselage. The basic equipment consists of 2 potassium magnetometers, a 4 L cesium iodide gamma spectrometer, a VLF-EM system, a data acquisition and control system as well as a radar and laser altimeter. The aircraft has a number of special features that set it apart from other systems (composite construction, dismount ability, robustness, short take-off and landing distance, long range, very good rudder tuning, low fuel consumption). A special design feature is that the aircraft is equipped with spoilers. These allow contour flights that follow the topography – a significant advantage over other fixed-wing measurement platforms. The overall system has been able to demonstrate its performance capabilities in various projects in different regions under a wide range of conditions. After 5 years working in Mongolia, the investigation system is now available again for use in Germany and Europe. KW - Rohstofferkundung KW - Airborne Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-86464-272-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.53201/SITZUNGSBERICHTE166 N1 - ISBN im Buch durch Verlag doppelt vergeben: http://www.trafoberlin.de/978-3-86464-272-2.html SP - 129 EP - 140 PB - trafo Wissenschaftsverlag CY - Berlin ER -