TY - GEN A1 - Bühler, Daniel A1 - Hemmert, Fabian A1 - Hurtienne, Jörn ED - Alt, Florian ED - Schneegass, Stefan ED - Hornecker, Eva T1 - Universal and Intuitive? Scientific Guidelines for Icon Design T2 - Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2020 (MuC’20), September 6–9, 2020, Magdeburg N2 - In this paper, we examine approaches to icon design, and we argue that they are not ideal. For example, they might disadvantage people from distinct cultures, of distinct ages, and with distinct capabilities. However, we suggest that icons have the potential to be universally and intuitively comprehended because they can be similar to the real world. We present an approach that is grounded in visual perception because the process of visual perception is assumed to be universal and intuitive. We derive 34 guidelines from scientific research on visual perception, and we argue that these guidelines might be a basis for more universal and more intuitive icon designs in the future. KW - visual perception, intuitive design, visual design, universal design, icon Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3404983.3405518 SP - 91 EP - 103 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bühler, Daniel A1 - Hemmert, Fabian A1 - Hurtienne, Jörn A1 - Petersen, Christer T1 - Designing Universal and Intuitive Pictograms (UIPP) – A Detailed Process for More Suitable Visual Representations T2 - International Journal of Human-Computer Studies N2 - Visual representations are perhaps the most important mode of human-computer and computer-mediated human-human interaction today. Nevertheless, we suggest, there is a lack of appropriate processes for their design. It seems, designers as much as researchers sometimes assume that visual representations are universally and intuitively comprehensible although evidence suggests otherwise, resulting in suboptimal designs. This article addresses the problem by proposing a human-centered design process for universal and intuitive pictograms. This process is grounded in semiotics, theories of intuitive interaction, and visual perception. Furthermore, it has been validated through empirical research and in practice. The article describes the process, it explains each step, and it provides examples. The result is detailed instructions that other designers, researchers, and businesses can adopt in their projects for designing more suitable visual representations. KW - Cross-cultural KW - sensorimotor experience KW - icon KW - intuitive interaction KW - visual design KW - universal design Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2022.102816 SN - 1071-5819 VL - Vol. 163 SP - 1 EP - 18 ER -