TY - GEN A1 - Mohamed, Abdelrahim A1 - Ruan, Hang A1 - Heshmat Hassan Abdelwahab, Mohamed A1 - Dorneanu, Bogdan A1 - Xiao, Pei A1 - Arellano-García, Harvey A1 - Gao, Yang A1 - Tafazolli, Rahim T1 - An Inter-Disciplinary Modelling Approach in Industrial 5G/6G and Machine Learning Era T2 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops) N2 - Recently, the fifth-generation (5G) cellular system has been standardised. As opposed to legacy cellular systems geared towards broadband services, the 5G system identifies key use cases for ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) and massive machine-type communications (mMTC). These intrinsic 5G capabilities enable promising sensor-based vertical applications and services such as industrial process automation. The latter includes autonomous fault detection and prediction, optimised operations and proactive control. Such applications enable equipping industrial plants with a sixth sense (6S) for optimised operations and fault avoidance. In this direction, we introduce an inter-disciplinary approach integrating wireless sensor networks with machine learning-enabled industrial plants to build a step towards developing this 6S technology. We develop a modular-based system that can be adapted to the vertical-specific elements. Without loss of generalisation, exemplary use cases are developed and presented including a fault detection/prediction scheme, and a sensor density-based boundary between orthogonal and non-orthogonal transmissions. The proposed schemes and modelling approach are implemented in a real chemical plant for testing purposes, and a high fault detection and prediction accuracy is achieved coupled with optimised sensor density analysis. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9145434 SN - 978-1-7281-7440-2 SN - 978-1-7281-7441-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops49005.2020.9145434 SN - 2474-9133 SP - 1 EP - 6 CY - Dublin, Ireland ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stephenson, Ted A1 - Carvalho Ellero, Caio A1 - Sebastia-Saez, Daniel A1 - Klymenko, Oleksiy A1 - Battley, Angela Maria A1 - Arellano-García, Harvey T1 - Numerical modelling of the interaction between eccrine sweat and textile fabric for the development of smart clothing T2 - International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology N2 - Purpose Live non-invasive monitoring of biomarkers is of great importance for the medical community. Moreover, some studies suggest that there is a substantial business gap in the development of mass-production commercial sweat-analysing wearables with great revenue potential. The objective of this work is to quantify the concentration of biomarkers that reaches the area of the garment where a sensor is positioned to advance the development of commercial sweat-analysing garments. Design/methodology/approach Computational analysis of the microfluidic transport of biomarkers within eccrine sweat glands provides a powerful way to explore the potential for quantitative measurements of biomarkers that can be related to the health and/or the physical activity parameters of an individual. The numerical modelling of sweat glands and the interaction of sweat with a textile layer remain however rather unexplored. This work presents a simulation of the production of sweat in the eccrine gland, reabsorption from the dermal duct into the surrounding skin and diffusion within an overlying garment. Findings The model represents satisfactorily the relationship between the biomarker concentration and the flow rate of sweat. The biomarker distribution across an overlying garment has also been calculated and subsequently compared to the minimum amount detectable by a sensor previously reported in the literature. The model can thus be utilized to check whether or not a given sensor can detect the minimum biomarker concentration threshold accumulated on a particular type of garment. Originality/value The present work presents to the best of our knowledge, the earliest numerical models of the sweat gland carried out so far. The model describes the flow of human sweat along the sweat duct and on to an overlying piece of garment. The model considers complex phenomena, such as reabsorption of sweat into the skin layers surrounding the duct, and the structure of the fibres composing the garment. Biomarker concentration maps are obtained to check whether sensors can detect the threshold concentration that triggers an electric signal. This model finds application in the development of smart textiles. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJCST-07-2019-0100/full/html U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCST-07-2019-0100 SN - 0955-6222 VL - 32 IS - 5 SP - 761 EP - 774 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Baena-Moreno, Francisco Manuel A1 - Cid-Castillo, N. A1 - Arellano-García, Harvey A1 - Ramirez Reina, Tomas T1 - Towards emission free steel manufacturing – Exploring the advantages of a CO2 methanation unit to minimize CO2 emissions T2 - Science of The Total Environment N2 - This paper demonstrates the benefits of incorporating CO2 utilisation through methanation in the steel industry. This approach allows to produce synthetic methane, which can be recycled back into the steel manufacturing process as fuel and hence saving the consumption of natural gas. To this end, we propose a combined steel-making and CO2 utilisation prototype whose key units (shaft furnace, reformer and methanation unit) have been modelled in Aspen Plus V8.8. Particularly, the results showed an optimal performance of the shaft furnace at 800°C and 6 bar, as well as 1050°C and atmospheric pressure for the reformer unit. Optimal results for the methanation reactor were observed at 350°C. Under these optimal conditions, 97.8% of the total CO2 emissions could be mitigated from a simplified steel manufacturing scenario and 89.4% of the natural gas used in the process could be saved. A light economic approach is also presented, revealing that the process could be profitable with future technologic developments, natural gas prices and forthcoming increases of CO2 emissions taxes. Indeed, the cash-flow can be profitable (325 k€) under the future costs: methanation operational cost at 0.105 €/Nm³; electrolysis operational cost at 0.04 €kWh, natural gas price at 32 €/MWh; and CO2 penalty at 55€/MWh. Hence this strategy is not only environmentally advantageous but also economically appealing and could represent an interesting route to contribute towards steel-making decarbonisation. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969721018441?via%3Dihub U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146776 SN - 1879-1026 SN - 0048-9697 VL - 781 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mechleri, Evgenia A1 - Dorneanu, Bogdan A1 - Arellano-García, Harvey T1 - A Model Predictive Control-Based Decision-Making Strategy for Residential Microgrids T2 - Eng N2 - This work presents the development of a decision-making strategy for fulfilling the power and heat demands of small residential neighborhoods. The decision on the optimal operation of a microgrid is based on the model predictive control (MPC) rolling horizon. In the design of the residential microgrid, the new approach different technologies, such as photovoltaic (PV) arrays, micro-combined heat and power (micro-CHP) units, conventional boilers and heat and electricity storage tanks are considered. Moreover, electricity transfer between the microgrid components and the national grid are possible. The MPC problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. The proposed novel approach is applied to two case studies: one without electricity storage, and one integrated microgrid with electricity storage. The results show the benefits of considering the integrated microgrid, as well as the advantage of including electricity storage. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4117/3/1/9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/eng3010009 SN - 2673-4117 VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 100 EP - 115 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jurischka, Constantin A1 - Dorneanu, Bogdan A1 - Stollberg, Christian A1 - Arellano-García, Harvey T1 - A novel approach to continuous extraction of active ingredients from essential oils through combined chromatography T2 - Computer Aided Chemical Engineering N2 - This contribution introduces a combined liquid chromatography purification designed for a continuous and resource-efficient process, integrating the rotating columns and the simulated bed principles. The approach is demonstrated and validated based on bisabolol oxides A and B, which are effective ingredients with anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic effects, prepared from chamomile essential oil. The results show superior efficiency to the traditional selective methods for isolating ingredients from multicomponent mixtures, as well as reduction in resources and costs. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780323958790501296?via%3Dihub U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50129-6 SN - 1570-7946 VL - 51 SP - 769 EP - 774 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Estrada, Carlos A. A1 - Manrique-Silupú, José A1 - Ipanaqué, William A1 - Dorneanu, Bogdan A1 - Arellano-García, Harvey T1 - A model-based approach for the prediction of banana rust thrips incidence from atmospheric variables T2 - Computer Aided Chemical Engineering N2 - This work focuses on the development of a mathematical model for the population growth of banana red rust thrips (Chaetanaphothrips signipennis) based on a modified temperature-based growth rate with the addition of climatic variables, such as relative humidity, wind speed and rainfall rate. The aim is to enable better prediction of the pest incidence and improve decision making, productivity, as well as quantifying the influence of these variables on the development of red rust thrips. The developed model is then compared with current solutions for predicting the pest incidence, showing improved accuracy (higher than 67%) versus experimental data, for which the state-of-the-art models indicate extremely poor fits. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780323958790500850?via%3Dihub U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50085-0 SN - 1570-7946 VL - 51 SP - 505 EP - 510 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Amao, Khalid A1 - Dorneanu, Bogdan A1 - Arellano-García, Harvey T1 - Economic Analysis of Novel Pathways for Recovery of Lithium Battery Waste T2 - Computer Aided Chemical Engineering N2 - Using the Umicore process, a current state-of-the-art recycling in the metal recovery industry for lithium battery waste, as a baseline, this contribution examines economic and environmentally friendly solutions for effective metal recovery from spent LIBs. At the same time, possible synergies between existing resource use from other manufacturing and waste treatment industries are considered as valuable input to metal recycling, while also reducing the amount of atmospheric carbon. This further presents a case for possible integration of various waste management approaches as a single business unit for economic incentive and profitability for possible investment. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B978032395879050271X?via%3Dihub U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50271-X SN - 1570-7946 VL - 51 SP - 1621 EP - 1626 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dorneanu, Bogdan A1 - Heinzelmann, Norbert A1 - Schnitzlein, Klaus A1 - Arellano-García, Harvey T1 - A novel approach to modelling trickle bed reactors T2 - Computer Aided Chemical Engineering N2 - In this contribution, the development of a toolbox for the simulation of trickle bed reactors based on a model able to account for the local properties of the liquid and gas flow in a packed bed at particle scale is introduced. The implementation uses a modular and flexible setup, with local liquid distribution considered as a function of the operating conditions and the physical properties of the three phases. Moreover, the impact of the local incomplete wetting on the conversion, as well as the mass transport and kinetics at both particle and reactor scale are accounted for. Furthermore, different particle geometries are considered, and the model is able to reliably predict the performance of the catalytic trickle bed reactors. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780323958790500473?via%3Dihub U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50047-3 SN - 1570-7946 VL - 51 SP - 277 EP - 282 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Campos, Jean C. A1 - Manrique-Silupú, José A1 - Ipanaqué, William A1 - Dorneanu, Bogdan A1 - Arellano-García, Harvey T1 - Mechanistic modelling for thrips incidence in organic banana T2 - Computer Aided Chemical Engineering N2 - This contribution introduces a data acquisition and modelling framework for the prediction of banana pests’ incidence. An IoT sensors-based system collects weather and micro-climate variables, such as temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, which are uploaded in real time to a cloud storage space. The incidence of the red rust thrips (Chaetanaphothrips signipennis) is collected “manually” by periodic inspection. The mathematical model is adapted from population growth functions and a model of insect species development and allows predictions to be made at various time intervals with an accuracy greater than 80%, improving decision-making capacity for agro-producers and enabling the improvement of pest management actions. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780323958790500461?via%3Dihub U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50046-1 SN - 1570-7946 VL - 51 SP - 271 EP - 276 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ketabchi, Elham A1 - Ramirez Reina, Tomas A1 - Dorneanu, Bogdan A1 - Arellano-García, Harvey T1 - An identification approach to a reaction network for an ABE catalytic upgrade T2 - Computer Aided Chemical Engineering N2 - This contribution presents a kinetic study for the identification of the complex reaction mechanism occurring during the ABE upgrading, and the development of a kinetic model. Employing graph theory analysis, a directed bipartite graph is constructed to reduce the complexity of the reaction network, and the reaction rate constants and reaction orders are calculated using the initial rate method, followed by the calculation of the activation energy and frequency factor for an Arrhenius-type law. Subsequently, using general mass balancing a proposed mathematical model is produced to determine the apparent reaction rates, which are successfully in line with the experimental results. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780323885065501029?via%3Dihub U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-88506-5.50102-9 SN - 1570-7946 VL - 50 SP - 643 EP - 648 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Clarke, Fiona A1 - Dorneanu, Bogdan A1 - Mechleri, Evgenia A1 - Arellano-García, Harvey T1 - Optimal design of heating and cooling pipeline networks for residential distributed energy resource systems T2 - Energy N2 - This paper presents a mixed integer linear programming model for the optimal design of a distributed energy resource (DER) system that meets electricity, heating, cooling and domestic hot water demands of a neighbourhood. The objective is the optimal selection of the system components among different technologies, as well as the optimal design of the heat pipeline network to allow heat exchange between different nodes in the neighbourhood. More specifically, this work focuses on the design, interaction and operation of the pipeline network, assuming the operation and maintenance costs. Furthermore, thermal and cold storage, transfer of thermal energy, and pipelines for transfer of cold and hot water to meet domestic hot water demands are additions to previously published models. The application of the final model is investigated for a case-study of a neighbourhood of five houses located in the UK. The scalability of the model is tested by also applying the model to a neighbourhood of ten and twenty houses, respectively. Enabling exchange of thermal power between the neighbours, including for storage purposes, and using separate hot and cold pipeline networks reduces the cost and the environmental impact of the resulting DER. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544221016789?via%3Dihub U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121430 SN - 1873-6785 SN - 0360-5442 VL - 235 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sidnell, Tim A1 - Dorneanu, Bogdan A1 - Mechleri, Evgenia A1 - Vassiliadis, Vassilios S. A1 - Arellano-García, Harvey T1 - Effects of Dynamic Pricing on the Design and Operation of Distributed Energy Resource Networks T2 - Processes N2 - This paper presents a framework for the use of variable pricing to control electricity im-ported/exported to/from both fixed and unfixed residential distributed energy resource (DER) network designs. The framework shows that networks utilizing much of their own energy, and importing little from the national grid, are barely affected by dynamic import pricing, but are encouraged to sell more by dynamic export pricing. An increase in CO2 emissions per kWh of energy produced is observed for dynamic import and export, against a baseline configuration utilizing constant pricing. This is due to feed-in tariffs (FITs) that encourage CHP generation over lower-carbon technologies. Furthermore, batteries are shown to be expensive in systems receiving income from FITs and grid exports, but for the cases when they sell to/buy from the grid using dynamic pricing, their use in the networks becomes more economical. Keywords: distributed energy resource (DER); dynamic pricing; mixed-integer linear programming (MILP); renewable heat incentive (RHI); feed-in tariff (FIT); electricity storage in batteries. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/9/8/1306 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081306 SN - 2227-9717 VL - 9 IS - 8 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sidnell, Tim A1 - Clarke, Fiona A1 - Dorneanu, Bogdan A1 - Mechleri, Evgenia A1 - Arellano-García, Harvey T1 - Optimal design and operation of distributed energy resources systems for residential neighbourhoods T2 - Smart Energy N2 - Different designs of distributed energy resources (DER) systems could lead to different performance in reducing cost, environmental impact or use of primary energy in residential networks. Hence, optimal design and management are important tasks to promote diffusion against the centralised grid. However, current operational models for such systems do not adequately analyse their complexity. This paper presents the results of a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model of distributed energy systems in the residential sector which builds up on previous work in this field. A superstructure optimisation model for design and operation of DER systems is obtained, providing a more holistic overview of such systems by including the following novel elements: a) Design and utilisation of a network with integrated heating/cooling pipelines and microgrid connections between neighbourhoods; b) Exploration of use of feed-in tariffs (FITs), renewable heat incentives (RHIs) and the ability to buy/sell from/to the national grid. It is shown that the (DER network mitigates around 30–40% of the CO2 emissions per household, compared with “traditional generation”. Money from FITs, RHIs and sales to the grid, as well as reduced grid purchases, make DER networks far more economical, and even profitable, compared to the traditional energy consumption. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955221000496?via%3Dihub U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2021.100049 SN - 2666-9552 VL - 4 ER -