TY - GEN A1 - Molina, M. O. A1 - Careto, J. M. A1 - Gutiérrez, C. A1 - Sánchez, E. A1 - Goergen, K. A1 - Sobolowski, S. A1 - Coppola, E. A1 - Pichelli, E. A1 - Ban, N. A1 - Belus̆ić, D. A1 - Short, C. A1 - Caillaud, C. A1 - Dobler, A. A1 - Hodnebrog, Ø. A1 - Kartsios, S. A1 - Lenderink, G. A1 - de Vries, H. A1 - Göktürk, O. A1 - Milovac, J. A1 - Feldmann, H. A1 - Truhetz, H. A1 - Demory, M. E. A1 - Warrach-Sagi, K. A1 - Keuler, K. A1 - Adinolfi, M. A1 - Raffa, M. A1 - Tölle, M. A1 - Sieck, K. A1 - Bastin, S. A1 - Soares, P. M. M. T1 - The added value of simulated near-surface wind speed over the Alps from a km-scale multimodel ensemble T2 - Climate dynamics N2 - The advancement of computational resources has allowed researchers to run convection-permitting regional climate model (CPRCM) simulations. A pioneering effort promoting a multimodel ensemble of such simulations is the CORDEX Flagship Pilot Studies (FPS) on “Convective Phenomena over Europe and the Mediterranean” over an extended Alps region. In this study, the Distribution Added Value metric is used to determine the improvement of the representation of all available FPS hindcast simulations for the daily mean near-surface wind speed. The analysis is performed on normalized empirical probability distributions and considers station observation data as the reference. The use of a normalized metric allows for spatial comparison among the different regions (coast and inland), altitudes and seasons. This approach permits a direct assessment of the added value between the CPRCM simulations against their global driving reanalysis (ERA-Interim) and respective coarser resolution regional model counterparts. In general, the results show that CPRCMs add value to their global driving reanalysis or forcing regional model, due to better-resolved topography or through better representation of ocean-land contrasts. However, the nature and magnitude of the improvement in the wind speed representation vary depending on the model, the season, the altitude, or the region. Among seasons, the improvement is usually larger in summer than winter. CPRCMs generally display gains at low and medium-range altitudes. In addition, despite some shortcomings in comparison to ERA-Interim, which can be attributed to the assimilation of wind observations on the coast, the CPRCMs outperform the coarser regional climate models, both along the coast and inland. KW - Regional climate modelling KW - Wind speed KW - Added value KW - Probability density functions KW - Downscaling Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07257-4 SN - 0930-7575 SN - 1432-0894 VL - 62 IS - 6 SP - 4697 EP - 4715 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wright Larsen, Axel A1 - Korsholm, Søren Bang A1 - Gonçalves, Bruno A1 - Gutierrez, H. E. A1 - Henriques, Elsa A1 - Infante, V. A1 - Jensen, Thais Cristine A1 - Jessen, Mikkel A1 - Klinkby, Esben A1 - Nonbøl, E. A1 - Luis, R. A1 - Vale, Alberto A1 - Lopes, André A1 - Naulin, V. A1 - Nielsen, S. K. A1 - Salewski, Mirko A1 - Rasmussen, Janie A1 - Taormina, A. A1 - Møllsøe, C. A1 - Mussenbrock, Thomas A1 - Trieschmann, Jan T1 - Mitigation of EC breakdown in the gyrotron transmission line of the ITER Collective Thomson Scattering diagnostic via a Split Biased Waveguide T2 - Journal of Instrumentation Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/11/C11009 SN - 1748-0221 VL - 14 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Martinez, Angel T. A1 - Ruiz-Duenas, Francisco J. A1 - Camarero, Susana A1 - Serrano, Ana A1 - Linde, Dolores A1 - Lund, Henrik A1 - Vind, Jesper A1 - Tovborg, Morton A1 - Herold-Majumdar, Owik M. A1 - Hofrichter, Martin A1 - Liers, Christiane A1 - Ullrich, René A1 - Scheibner, Katrin A1 - Sannia, Giovanni A1 - Piscitelli, Alessandra A1 - Sener, Mehmet E. A1 - Kilic, Sibel A1 - Berkel, Willem J. H. van A1 - Guallar, Víctor A1 - Lucas, Maria Fátima A1 - Zuhse, Ralf A1 - Ludwig, Roland A1 - Hollmann, Frank A1 - Fernández-Fueyo, Elena A1 - Record, Eric A1 - Faulds, Craig B. A1 - Tortajada, Marta A1 - Winckelmann, Ib A1 - Rasmussen, Jo-Anne A1 - Gelo-Pujic, Mirjana A1 - Gutiérrez, Ana A1 - Rio, José C. del A1 - Rencoret, Jorge A1 - Alcalde, Miguel T1 - Oxidoreductases on their way to industrial biotransformations T2 - Biotechnology Advances N2 - Fungi produce heme-containing peroxidases and peroxygenases, flavin-containing oxidases and dehydrogenases, and different copper-containing oxidoreductases involved in the biodegradation of lignin and other recalcitrant compounds. Heme peroxidases comprise the classical ligninolytic peroxidases and the new dye-decolorizing peroxidases, while heme peroxygenases belong to a still largely unexplored superfamily of heme-thiolate proteins. Nevertheless, basidiomycete unspecific peroxygenases have the highest biotechnological interest due to their ability to catalyze a variety of regio- and stereo-selective monooxygenation reactions with H2O2 as the source of oxygen and final electron acceptor. Flavo-oxidases are involved in both lignin and cellulose decay generating H2O2 that activates peroxidases and generates hydroxyl radical. The group of copper oxidoreductases also includes other H2O2 generating enzymes - copper-radical oxidases - together with classical laccases that are the oxidoreductases with the largest number of reported applications to date. However, the recently described lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases have attracted the highest attention among copper oxidoreductases, since they are capable of oxidatively breaking down crystalline cellulose, the disintegration of which is still a major bottleneck in lignocellulose biorefineries, along with lignin degradation. Interestingly, some flavin-containing dehydrogenases also play a key role in cellulose breakdown by directly/indirectly “fueling” electrons for polysaccharide monooxygenase activation. Many of the above oxidoreductases have been engineered, combining rational and computational design with directed evolution, to attain the selectivity, catalytic efficiency and stability properties required for their industrial utilization. Indeed, using ad hoc software and current computational capabilities, it is now possible to predict substrate access to the active site in biophysical simulations, and electron transfer efficiency in biochemical simulations, reducing in orders of magnitude the time of experimental work in oxidoreductase screening and engineering. What has been set out above is illustrated by a series of remarkable oxyfunctionalization and oxidation reactions developed in the frame of an intersectorial and multidisciplinary European RTD project. The optimized reactions include enzymatic synthesis of 1-naphthol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, drug metabolites, furandicarboxylic acid, indigo and other dyes, and conductive polyaniline, terminal oxygenation of alkanes, biomass delignification and lignin oxidation, among others. These successful case stories demonstrate the unexploited potential of oxidoreductases in medium and large-scale biotransformations. KW - Peroxygenase KW - Biotechnology Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.06.003 SN - 1873-1899 SN - 0734-9750 VL - 35 IS - 6 SP - 815 EP - 831 ER -