TY - GEN A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Biological topsoil crusts at early successional stages on recultivated post-mining sites in Brandenburg, NE Germany Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena A1 - Repmann, Frank A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Retardation of iron-cyanide complexes in soils of a former Manufactured Gas Plant site T2 - Book of abstracts, XII International Congress of Young Chemists, YoungChem2014, Szczecin, Poland 8th-12th October 2014 Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-83-61037-28-6 SP - S. 44 CY - Warsaw ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Mykhailova, Larysa A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Donovan, Sally A1 - Ouimet, William T1 - Effects of historical charcoal burning on soil landscapes in West Connecticut - Quantifying pyrogenic and organic soil carbon content of Technosols by FTIR analysis T2 - European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7–12 April 2019 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-3115.pdf CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Preußer, Daniel A1 - Bröring, Udo A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Juretzek, Thomas T1 - Effects of antibiotics ceftriaxone and levofloxacin on the growth of Calliphora vomitoria L. (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and effects on the determination of the post-mortem interval T2 - Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine N2 - The determination of the post-mortem interval (PMI) is one of the main tasks of forensic entomology, where growth and stages of development of arthropods are used for PMI determination. It is well acknowledged that maggot development is significantly influenced by temperature. Attention has also been paid to the microbial populations of the cadaver, because toxic substances contained in the substrate can influence the microorganisms and affect arthropods growth and development. However, little is known about the influence of antibiotics taken during lifetime of a person on insect development after that persons death. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the antibiotics ceftriaxone and levofloxacin cause inhibition of growth and delay of pupation of the blow fly Calliphora vomitoria, which would then lead to an incorrect determination of the post-mortem interval in forensic cases. It was found that maggot development was delayed by levofloxacin mixed in minced pork, where a mixture of both antibiotics increased this effect. The maggot growth in the samples with ceftriaxone was not delayed. Pupation was delayed in treatments with a mixture of both antibiotics. The mortality was reduced by separate or combined application of ceftriaxone and levofloxacin, which we attribute to a bactericidal effect of the antibiotics on maggot pathogens. Depending on the concentration of the antibiotics, an underestimation of the post-mortem interval between 24 and 48 h could be suspected. We conclude that antibiotics need to be considered if instar stages are to be used to determine the PMI and that some antibiotics may improve the breeding conditions of maggots. KW - Antibiotics KW - Blowflies KW - Entomotoxicology KW - Post-mortem interval Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102207 SN - 1878-7487 SN - 1752-928X VL - 81 IS - 5 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Ramezany, Shaghayegh A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Hirsch, Florian T1 - Vertical SOC distribution and aromatic carbon in centuries old charcoal-rich Technosols T2 - European Journal of Soil Science N2 - Charcoal-rich Technosols on century-old relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are the subject of ongoing research regarding potential legacy effects that result from historic charcoal production and subsequent charcoal amendments on forest soil properties and forest ecosystems today. RCHs consist mostly of Auh horizons that are substantially enriched in soil organic carbon (SOC), of which the largest part seems to be of pyrogenic origin (PyC). However, the reported range of SOC and PyC contents in RCH soil also suggests that they are enriched in nonpyrogenic SOC. RCH soils are discussed as potential benchmarks for the long-term influence of biochar amendment and the post-wildfire influences on soil properties. In this study, we utilised a large soil sample dataset (n = 1245) from 52 RCH sites in north-western Connecticut, USA, to quantify SOC contents by total element analysis. The contents of condensed highly aromatic carbon as a proxy for black carbon (BC) were predicted by using a modified benzene polycarboxylated acid (BPCA) marker method in combination with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy-based partial least square regression (r2 = 0.89). A high vertical spatial sampling resolution allowed the identification of soil organic matter (SOM) enrichment and translocation processes. The results show an average 75% and 1862% increase in TOC and BPCA-derived carbon, respectively, for technogenic Auh horizons compared to reference soils. In addition to an increase in aromatic properties, increased carboxylic properties of the RCH SOC suggest self-humification effects of degrading charcoal and thereby the continuing formation of leachable aromatic carbon compounds, which could have effects on pedogenic processes in buried soils. Indeed, we show BPCA-derived carbon concentrations in intermediate technogenic Cu horizons and buried top/subsoils that suggest vertical translocation of highly aromatic carbon originating in RCH Auh horizons. Topmost Auh horizons showed a gradual decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) contents with increasing depth, suggesting accumulation of recent, non-pyrogenic SOM. Lower aliphatic absorptions in RCH soil spectra suggest different SOM turnover dynamics compared to reference soils. Furthermore, studied RCH soils featured additional TOC enrichment, which cannot be fully explained now. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://bsssjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ejss.13293 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13293 VL - 73 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 16 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Preußer, Daniel A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Juretzek, Thomas T1 - Effects of antibiotics ceftriaxone and levofloxacin on the growth of Protophormia terraenovae (Diptera: Calliphoridae) T2 - Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology N2 - AbstractProtophormia terraenovae is a colonizer of decomposing bodies and is known to cause pre-mortem myiasis as the female flies lay eggs in uncleaned wounds. In this study the effects of different concentrations of antibiotics levofloxacin and ceftriaxone on maggot development, weight, length, and mortality were examined. The maggot length and weight were significantly increased by therapeutical doses of levofloxacin and ceftriaxone. The maggot development time was significantly decreased in every levofloxacin treatment compared to the control. The time to start pupation was significantly increased in the control compared to the antibiotic treatments. Levofloxacin significantly increased the survivability of the maggots. Every levofloxacin treatment significantly improved the rearing conditions for the maggots. Reaching the third instar was delayed by 24 h in the control compared to the Levo 3.57 treatment. The Pupation in the control was delayed by an average of 48 h compared to the Levo 3.57 treatment. The significantly reduced development time of the maggots in the antibiotic treatments might lead to an overestimation of the post-mortem interval and therefore an incorrect time of death determination. The improved rearing conditions may be an indication of the potential of a combined application of antibiotics and maggot therapy. KW - General Medicine KW - Pathology and Forensic Medicine Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-024-00804-9 SN - 1556-2891 SP - 1 EP - 13 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Preußer, Daniel A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Juretzek, Thomas T1 - Effects of antibiotics ceftriaxone and levofloxacin on the growth of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) T2 - Medical and Veterinary Entomology N2 - Lucilia sericata is one of the most studied species in forensic entomology due to its widespread distribution, forensic importance as well as medical use. The growth and development stage of maggots is often used to determine the post-mortem interval in forensic cases. L. sericata can cause myiasis in humans who are not able to maintain personal hygiene due to age or medical condition and can therefore be used to determine the time period of neglect. The influence of the temperature on the maggot development has been examined in various studies. Different examinations on the effects of toxic substances on the maggot development and survival have been conducted in order to test the influence and resulting deviations. In this study, the effects of different therapeutical doses of the antibiotics ceftriaxone and levofloxacin were examined on L. sericata in order to determine and compare deviations in maggot development and survival. The used antibiotics did not significantly influence the maggot weight and length. A significant delay in the time of pupation has been determined in the treatments with high concentrations of levofloxacin. The mortality was significantly increased in all treatments with antibiotics compared to the control, whereby the survivability of all treatments remained over 80%. Because of the high doses needed to produce an effect, we concluded that an overestimation of the post-mortem interval is unlikely but higher antibiotic concentrations or possible interactions with other medications could increase the maggot development time. KW - antibiotics KW - blow flies KW - entomotoxicology KW - myiasis KW - post‐mortem interval Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12685 SN - 0269-283X SN - 1365-2915 VL - 37 IS - 4 SP - 805 EP - 815 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Biological topsoil crusts at early successional stages on Quaternary substrates dumped by mining in Brandenburg, NE Germany T2 - Geomorphologie: relief, processus, environnement N2 - The influence of biological soil crusts in natural ecosystems on structures and processes is well investigated. However, in South-Brandenburg (Germany), it is possible to study the development of biological soil crusts (BSC) during initial ecosystem genesis on two artificial water catchments with well-known ages and under differing starting conditions. The two experimental sites are located in the recultivation area of the lignite open-cast mining district of southern Brandenburg with a distance of approximately 1 km between them. Two different topographies were constructed at the experimental sites: the experimental plot at the catchment Neuer Lugteich was shaped like a dune, whereas the artificial water catchment Hühnerwasser was modelled as an inclined slope. The catchment Neuer Lugteich is four years older than Hühnerwasser. The original substrate at Neuer Lugteich is more sandy and carbonate-free compared to the original substrate dumped at Hühnerwasser. At both sites geomorphological differentiation and crust development were compared and the importance of substrate-dependent water availability and crust type clarified. Once settled, the crusts influenced the water regime of the soils by delaying infiltration through enhanced water repellency, and by limiting water infiltration. Chlorophyll analysis revealed that all crusts were at early stages of development. At Neuer Lugteich, the establishment of the biological soil crusts was closely associated with the vegetation succession, whereas no clear succession of the crusts could be observed at Hühnerwasser. The mosaic-like pattern of the biological soils crusts is associated with the distribution of fine-grained material here.zeige weniger Y1 - 2010 UR - http://geomorphologie.revues.org/8083 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4000/geomorphologie.8083 SN - 1957-777X VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 359 EP - 370 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Forman, Steven L. A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Late Quaternary aeloian dynamics, pedostratigraphy and soil formation in the North European Lowlands - new findings from the Baruther ice-marginal valley T2 - Die Erde N2 - The formation of dunes in central Europe reflects ample sediment supply during the last deglacial hemicycle. A Quaternary inland dune complex in southern Brandenburg, Germany, was studied to frame the duration of pedogenesis in two outcrops containing buried paleosols. An integrative approach, which combined geomorphological, sedimentological, pedological and chronological methods was used to identify aeolian deposition events, ensuing pedogenesis and anthropogenic remobilization. At the outcrops, which were situated approximately 2 km apart from each other, a total of twelve samples of the aeolian sands were dated using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and a further six samples using 14C dating. Although the dunes have similar morphological features, these forms have a different history of aeolian sand deposition and pedogenesis. At the older dune (Gl 1) the surface soil is a well developed Podzol, whereas soil development of the younger dune (Gl 2) is clearly in an initial state. The studied sites of the dune complex also differ in grain size distribution and in the presence of buried soils, thereby indicating a climatic impact on aeolian remobilization. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.12854/erde-148-30 SN - 0013-9998 VL - 148 IS - 1 SP - 58 EP - 73 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Hydrophobicity in sandy soils triggered by the development of Scots Pine stands in southern Brandenburg, Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2010/EGU2010-4154.pdf N1 - EGU2010-4154 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spröte, Roland A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Veste, Maik A1 - Yair, Aaron A1 - Wiehe, Wolfgang A1 - Lange, Philipp A1 - Bens, Oliver A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Structures and processes of biological soil crusts during initial ecosystem genesis of an artificial watershed in Lusatia, NE Germany T2 - EGU General Assembly 2010, held Vienna, Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010 Y1 - 2010 N1 - EGU2010-4129 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER -