TY - JOUR A1 - Alemagi, Dieudonne A1 - Sondo, Venan A. A1 - Ertel, Jürgen T1 - Constraints to Environmental Impact Assessment Practice: A Case Study of Cameroon N2 - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) practice in Cameroon has been plagued with many constraints especially from the infrastructure and EIA resource perspective. The present legal and procedural disposition vis-Ã -vis EIA in Cameroon is monumental and manifest some clarity of expositionwith regards to the practical and fundamental steps for EIA practice in the country. However, a number of impediments still prevail that deter the full efficiency of this legislation. In search for explanations to this trend, this study was conducted to examine the current framework governing EIA in Cameroon implemented in February 2005. Content analysis and interviews with stakeholders in the EIA process were undertaken to identify key barriers associated with EIA practice in Cameroon. The paper maintains that inadequate baseline data, procedural flaws in scoping, exorbitant administrative fees, absence of an appeal procedure, unclear proviso, incompetent personnel and over centralisation of EIA powers are key barriers that appear to impede a healthy EIA practice in Cameroon. In conclusion, it is submitted that for a robust EIA practice to prevail in Cameroon, there is an urgent need for a great deal of focus on the recommendations prescribed within the context of the paper. KW - Environmental Impact Assessment KW - legal and procedural framework KW - Cameroon KW - evaluation Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yuntenwi, Ernestine A.T. A1 - Ertel, Jürgen A1 - MacCarty, Nordica A1 - Still, Dean T1 - Laboratory study of the effects of moisture content on heat transfer and combustion efficiency of three biomass cook stoves N2 - The effect of wood moisture content on the performance and emissions of biomass-fired stoves was assessed using the laboratory-based water boiling test. This test yielded a number of performance indicators (time to boil water, specific fuel consumption and energy efficiency) when the stove was operated at both high and low power. When combined with emission measurements, combustion efficiency was investigated as well. This paper presents an integrated efficiency evaluation of the traditional open fire, an Aprovecho rocket stove from China and a "skirt" stove which were all tested each at 5%, 15% and 30% moisture content (wet basis) of wood. Results showed that an increase in moisture content increased efficiency up to a point. Extremely dry or over-wet fuel inhibited combustion efficiency. Overall, the type of stove exhibited a stronger effect on the total emissions than did the moisture level in the fuel. KW - Moisture content KW - biomass cook stoves KW - emission factors KW - combustion efficiency KW - heat transfer efficiency Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ackom, Emmanuel Kofi A1 - Ertel, Jürgen T1 - An Alternative Energy Approach to Combating Desertification and Promotion of Sustainable Development in Drought Regions Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kehbila, Anderson Gwanyebit A1 - Ertel, Jürgen A1 - Brent, Alan Colin T1 - Sustainability appraisal of used vehicle trade policy options in sub-Saharan African countries N2 - This paper examines the structure of contemporary vehicle mitigation commitments after lead gasoline phase out in sub-Sahara Africa. First, this paper reviews some of the leading domestic trade policy proposals (emission reduction actions) with regard to their expected technology impacts. Next, it assesses the options based on establishing benchmarks for measuring policy performance in curbing vehicle emissions simultaneously with core sustainable development priorities. Assessing these options identifies the key variables in designing mitigation commitments, offers criteria for evaluating different approaches and discusses the implications of the leading alternatives. This paper argues that a more pronounced dilemma of synergies exists between vehicle emissions reduction and core development concerns as the major players target emissions too narrowly. Finally, this paper sheds more light on strategies that could be employed simultaneously at the regional and domestic levels to enhance sustainable development as trade continues to grow and evolve. KW - Sustainability appraisal KW - Sub-Sahara Africa KW - Vehicle emissions KW - Clean air initiative KW - Trade policy KW - Criteria analysis Y1 - 2008 UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/y4806l358689574g/fulltext.pdf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cruz-Rivera, Reynaldo A1 - Ertel, Jürgen T1 - Acumulaciôn de productos al final de su vida útil en México, el caso de los vehîculos automotores. Current and future generation of end-of-life products in México, the automotive vehicles case N2 - The present work carries out an approximation in the calculation of the current number of End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) in México. The vehicles taken into account are passenger cars and light trucks, which due to their large number represent almost 70% of the total vehicular fleet in México. This work describes, in a first instance, the diverse factors affecting the number of ELV; after this, the available information about the most relevant features of theMexican fleet is presented. Based on historical data, it is estimated that current number of ELV in México is around 690,000 units. In the second part, two probable scenarios are established for the future growth of the Mexican vehicular fleet. Using these data as inputs, it is implemented the Weibull distribution. The iterative implementation of this tool generates the curves that describe the retirement of vehicles in the midterm. The result of this implementation estimates that the number of ELV for 2020 is around one million units. KW - ELV KW - vehicular retirement KW - Weibull distribution KW - vehicular fleet KW - special waste Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ugochukwu, Collins Norberth Chinedu A1 - Ertel, Jürgen T1 - Negative Impacts of Oil Exploration on Biodiversity Management in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria N2 - Environmental pollution arising from oil prospecting and exploration in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria has impacted negatively on the biodiversity of the affected areas. The main stresses arise from leakages of crude oil, gas flaring and the escape of other chemicals used in production processes. Effects on the flora and fauna of freshwater ecosystems in this part of Nigeria have been noticed. The government has established laws for protection of the environment from oil exploration, but these must be made effective in terms of implementation, enforcement and monitoring by responsible agencies. The oil companies operating in this region have also contributed to reducing the impacts of their activities on the host environment. This paper discusses the various impacts that oil production has had so far on the biodiversity of this unique part of Nigeria, and reports on efforts made by the government, oil companies and non-governmental organizations to remedy the situation. Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alemagi, Dieudonne A1 - Ertel, Jürgen A1 - Oben, P. M. T1 - A survey of environmental management system initiatives in industries along the Atlantic coast of Cameroon Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alemagi, Dieudonne A1 - Ertel, Jürgen A1 - Oben, P. M. T1 - Implementing environmental management systems in industries along the Atlantic coast of Cameroon: drivers, benefits and barriers JF - Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management Y1 - 2006 SN - 1535-3966 VL - 13 IS - 4 SP - 221 EP - 232 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alemagi, Dieudonne A1 - Ertel, Jürgen A1 - Oben, P. M. T1 - Mitigating Industrial Pollution Along the Atlantic Coast of Cameroon: An Overview of Government Efforts Y1 - 2006 ER -