TY - GEN A1 - Hundt, Martin A1 - Engel, Norman A1 - Schnitzlein, Michael G. A1 - Schnitzlein, Klaus T1 - Combining the effects of pulping severity and alkali concentration to optimize the lignocellulose-based AlkaPolP biorefinery concept T2 - Bioresource Technology KW - AlkaPolP KW - Lignocellulose KW - Biorefinery KW - Pulping KW - Glycerol Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.050 SN - 0960-8524 VL - 166 SP - 411 EP - 419 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hundt, Martin A1 - Engel, Norman A1 - Schnitzlein, Michael G. A1 - Schnitzlein, Klaus T1 - Alkalischer Polyolaufschluss als Basis für eine Lignocellulose-Bioraffinerie T2 - Chemie Ingenieur Technik KW - Aufschluss KW - Bioraffinerie KW - Cellulose KW - Delignifizierung KW - Enzymatische Hydrolyse KW - Fraktionierung KW - Lignin KW - Lignocellulose Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201200116 SN - 0009-286X VL - 85 IS - 5 SP - 758 EP - 763 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hundt, Martin A1 - Engel, Norman A1 - Schnitzlein, Klaus A1 - Schnitzlein, Michael G. T1 - The AlkaPolP process: Fractionation of various lignocelluloses and continuous pulping within an integrated biorefinery concept T2 - Chemical Engineering Research and Design N2 - The implementation of a lignocellulose-based biorefinery requires an efficient fractionation of its raw material. For this purpose a comprehensive biorefinery concept has been developed based on alkaline polyol pulping (AlkaPolP). It exhibits a high degree of flexibility with respect to the extent of fractionation by adjusting easily controllable process parameters. As shown in this contribution, the AlkaPolP process can be successfully applied for a wide range of lignocellulosic biomass including hardwood, softwood, bark and grasses, all of which yielding high quality product fractions. With essentially complete delignification the obtained pulp fraction is easily degraded by cellulases. The produced hydrolysates are free of inhibitors and can be used as substrates for a variety of fermentation processes. Without further modification, the AlkaPolP lignin fraction can be readily applied as high value substrate for various processes as confirmed by extensive characterisations in industrial and research laboratories (Dynea, Fraunhofer Institute). The remaining product fraction resulting from the degradation of various polysaccharides is being recovered as carboxylic acids. Based on extensive experimental results up to mini-plant scale, an integrated biorefinery concept has been developed including a continuous pulping stage and a full scale recycling of process chemicals thus allowing operations in environmentally sensitive rural areas. KW - AlkaPolP KW - Biorefinery KW - Lignocellulose KW - Continuous KW - Extruder Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2015.10.013 SN - 0263-8762 VL - Vol. 107 SP - 13 EP - 23 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Engel, Norman A1 - Hundt, Martin A1 - Schapals, Tino T1 - Increasing the lignin yield of the Alkaline Polyol Pulping process by treating black liquor with laccases of Myceliophthora thermophila T2 - Bioresource Technology N2 - The Alkaline Polyol Pulping process separates cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass by dissolving lignin to a great extent. Due to the pulping conditions the dissolved lignin depolymerises and only 75% can be precipitated. To increase this amount, a 24 h reaction of laccases of Myceliophthora thermophila with lignin dissolved in black liquor of the AlkaPolP process was investigated. The influence of pH, temperature, enzyme concentration and partial oxygen pressure was examined in a batch stirred tank reactor using a Box–Behnken factorial design. Due to the enzymatic reaction the lignin polymerises which results in an enhanced lignin precipitation. The addition of a mediator improves the polymerisation but decreases the amount of precipitable lignin. The influence of the parameters on precipitation yield and molecular mass can sufficiently be described with a second-order model and optimum conditions can be assessed. FT-IR spectra of the obtained lignins revealed that its typical phenolic structure is preserved. KW - Biorefinery KW - Lignocellulose KW - Laccase KW - Polymerisation KW - Lignin Y1 - 2016 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852415016570 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.027 SN - 0960-8524 IS - 203 SP - 96 EP - 102 ER -