TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Ouimet, William A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. T1 - Effects of Historical Charcoal Burning on Soil Landscapes in West Connecticut, USA T2 - Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2019sssa/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/114845 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - An initiative for a morphologic‐genetic catalog of relict charcoal hearths from Central Europe T2 - Geoarchaeology Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21799 SN - 1520-6548 SN - 0883-6353 VL - 35 IS - 6 SP - 974 EP - 983 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian T1 - Distribution of silty mantles in soils of the Northcentral Appalachians, USA T2 - Catena Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104701 SN - 0341-8162 VL - 194 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian T1 - The presence of silty mantles in Northcentral Appalachian, USA soils and their relevance to pedology T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020 Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5661 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Bayuzick, Samuel A1 - Diefenbach, Duane A1 - McDill, Marc A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bonhage, Alexander T1 - Northern Appalachian, USA relic charcoal hearths and their unique Ecological Fingerprint T2 - EGU General Assembly 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13618 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bayuzick, Samuel A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - McDill, Marc A1 - Diefenbach, Duane T1 - Relic charcoal hearths geomorphology and hydrology in mid-Appalachian region of Pennsylvania T2 - EGU General Assembly 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-6243 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Bayuzick, Samuel A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Relict charcoal hearth landscape and soil profile characteristics surrounding a mid-19th century Appalachian iron furnace T2 - EGU General Assembly 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5691 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sekhri, Simran A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. T1 - A Model Approach Assessing The Soil Properties Of Raised Bed Landscapes T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Common anthropogenic surface features across Scotland and Ireland are raised beds, which are agronomic ridges and furrows created prior to the 20th century to improve agricultural yield. Creating a raised bed improves yield by providing to the root zone better soil drainage, suitable micro-climatic conditions, and enrichment of organic matter and nutrients. Raised beds are structurally identifiable and can be examined using remote sensing techniques such as LIDAR imagery or aerial photography to analyze different dimensions of raised bed units. We examined the geomorphic parameters (height, length, breadth, ridge shape, furrow depth, unit orientation and block size) of raised beds found in the Fancroft region of County Offlay, Ireland. We developed a model of raised bed structural components and the distribution and change in soil properties including soil drainage, texture, horizon differentiation, soil colour, nutrient distribution, organic matter movement and the carbon influx and outflow have been provided. Our study aims to elucidate the typical geomorphic properties of raised bed landscapes, their basic chemical and physical soil properties and the landform attributes that may influence soil properties. Overall, the conceptual basis of raised bed landscapes have been visualised and presented to formulate an ideal raised bed theoretical model. Such a comprehensive model can be further extended to learn more about ancient agricultural practices, heritage, a causal link between present day and historical farming practices. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-7137 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Bayuzick, Samuel A1 - Guarin, Daniel A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Diefenbach, Duane A1 - McDill, Marc T1 - USA Appalachian relict charcoal hearths have complex landscape and pedologic patterns that are unique from surrounding forest ecosystems T2 - EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022 N2 - Understanding how present-day abrupt change may alter forest ecosystem services is becoming more important due to ever-growing anthropogenic stresses. Forest managers trying the adapt to anthropogenic stress can benefit from the study and quantification of past abrupt changes in forests, especially when the legacy of past disturbance is still evident. Across the United Kingdom, Europe, and recently the northeastern United States, the examination of historic forest change due to charcoal manufacturing for the firing of iron or lime furnaces is yielding new insights relative to landscape stability, anthropogenic vs natural soil genesis, and forest evolution. A landscape classification process was used in the Central Appalachians (Pennsylvania) to identify 6,758 RCHs near Greenwood Furnace (Greenwood Furnace State Park) and Pine Grove Furnace (Pine Grove Furnace State Park). Topographic wetness index (TWI), and SAGA wetness index (SWI) were created using ~1m LiDAR data for two study areas to quantify surface hydrology effects and were compared to field soil volumetric water content (VWC) measurements. Modeled TWI and SWI values were different for RCH areas when compared to surrounding non-hearth areas indicating that RCHs were acting as a moisture sink. We also found that RCH platforms have different TWI and SWI values than rim areas. Using field measured volumetric water content, we found that as distance from the center of the RCH increases, the drier the soil becomes. Geomorphic position did not affect wetness. Surface soil samples were collected at 51 RCHs in the Greenwood Furnace study area. Laboratory analyses revealed that RCH soils have higher C content than surrounding native soils. Furthermore, while the pH of RCH soils is like native soils, the acidity is greater in RCHs. RCH soils at Greenwood Furnace were found to have lower Mehlich 3 P concentrations and lower K potentially effecting plant growth. RCH soils were found to have higher Ca concentration when compared to native soils. To examine within RCH differences in soil chemistry and morphology more closely, 8 of the 51 RCHs were sampled intensely along a topographic gradient. Control pits were excavated directly upslope from the RCHs. The RCHs were sampled in 5 positions across the hearth from the upslope to down slope position (A upslope rim of the RCH; B halfway point between A and C; C RCH center; D halfway C and E; E downslope rim of the RCH). Soil profiles were described and sampled at each position. The soil samples were analyzed for trace and rare earth element content (Aqua Regia digestion), soil pH (water) and fertility (Mehlich 3 extraction). Results indicated that RCHs are potentially a unique location of refugia for forest flora and perhaps fauna due to the unique geochemistry with higher bases and C and some concentrated metals and a higher soil water content hypothesized to be due to an observed restrictive morphology. Future research should more closely investigate whether RCHs support unique species assemblages and how they may play a role in enhancing today’s forest biodiversity. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-10315 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Raab, Alexandra A1 - Bonhage, Alexander A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Hirsch, Florian A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Drohan, Patrick J. A1 - Wilmking, Martin A1 - Kreyling, Jürgen A1 - Malik, Ireneusz A1 - Wistuba, Małgorzata A1 - Maaten, Ernst van der A1 - Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der A1 - Urich, Tim T1 - Do small landforms have large effects? A review on the legacies of pre-industrial charcoal burning T2 - Geomorphology N2 - Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are small, anthropogenic landforms resulting from past charcoal burning and reaching significant land coverage in pre-industrial mining areas. We review three coupled legacies linked by RCH development: (i) a landscape-scale geomorphic effect, (ii) a unique soil fingerprint, and (iii) an evolving novel ecosystem. The history and technique of charcoal production are described to clarify legacy effects. Applying a recently presented morpho-genetic catalogue is useful for classified mapping of RCH findings. The RCH numbers and calculated RCH densities per study region vary greatly and impose uncertainties due to insufficient methods causing over- or underestimations. Areas with high RCH densities between 50 and 500 RCH/km2 seem reasonable. Machine learning-based remote sensing techniques are promising approaches with which to better assess the full scale of charcoal burning legacies. RCH soil properties feature dark charcoal-rich technogenic substrate layers classified as Auh horizons according to the World Reference Base with significantly increased C contents. These Auh horizons can also exhibit specific physical and chemical properties, such as relatively low bulk density, high porosity, high plant available water content, low thermal conductivity and differences in cation exchange capacity or nutrient status. However, relevant studies are rare, and thus, the effects may differ by study region. Regarding vegetation, there seem to be four main effects: changes in forest structure, species composition, recruitment pattern and productivity. The number of studies on this issue is, however, also very limited. Even fewer studies have examined the soil fauna in RCHs; thus, the reported effects cannot be used to draw general conclusions. Notably, RCH research has made considerable progress in the last five years, especially in the Light Detection and Ranging-based mapping of these small landforms and identification of RCH-specific soil properties, but ecological legacies are not well understood; thus, more interdisciplinary and integrative studies are needed. KW - Soil KW - Ecosystem KW - Forestry KW - Land Use KW - Anthropocene KW - Relict Charcoal Hearth (RCH) KW - Charcoal Kiln Remain (CKR) Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108332 SN - 0169-555X VL - 413 ER -