TY - GEN A1 - Gargalianou, Vasiliki A1 - Muehlfeld, Katrin A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Witteloostuijn, Arjen van T1 - Foreign Language Anxiety in Professional Contexts : A Short Scale and Evidence of Personality and Gender Differences T2 - Schmalenbach Business Review N2 - While increasing globalization of the business world and rising numbers of people working in foreign language contexts are undoubted facts of modern work life, there are surprisingly few studies on individuals’ emotional reactions to working in a foreign language. Facilitating further research, we introduce a short scale for foreign language anxiety that is applicable in business and other professional contexts. Additionally, we investigate its relationship with gender and general personality traits. Our analysis of survey data from 320 adult bilinguals with Dutch as their mother tongue and English as foreign language demonstrates the reliability of the short scale. Furthermore, we find that females experience higher levels of FLA, but that this association is mediated by differences in personality. Our study contributes to the emerging literature on individuals’ (emotional) responses to using foreign languages in business contexts. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s41464-016-0007-6 SN - 1439-2917 VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 195 EP - 223 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schulz, Matthias A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Procher, Vivien D. T1 - Hybrid entrepreneurship and public policy: The case of firm entry deregulation T2 - Journal of Business Venturing N2 - Hybrid entrepreneurs are entrepreneurs who are simultaneously working as paid employees. Although they constitute a systematic and large part of new firm creation, their possibly distinct responsiveness to public policy is not yet studied. Arguing for the need to consider hybrid entrepreneurs in public policy, we analyze the introduction of one-stop shops for faster and simplified firm registration in Mexico. We find that hybrid entrepreneurs are more responsive to changes in entry regulation than full-time entrepreneurs. While both the best and least educated people respond to the reform, the effect is most pronounced for highly educated hybrid entrepreneurs. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2016.01.002 SN - 0883-9026 VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 272 EP - 286 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Terjesen, Siri A1 - Procher, Vivien D. A1 - Muehlfeld, Katrin A1 - Witteloostuijn, Arjen van T1 - Come on and Take a Free Ride: Contributing to Public Goods in Native and Foreign Language Settings T2 - Academy of Management Learning & Education N2 - Business schools around the world must prepare their students for two realities: operating in an English-speaking business world and working in teams. As yet, there is limited understanding of how operating in a native or a foreign language impacts students’ propensity to free ride in group settings. Building on general dual process theory of higher cognition and using a unique dataset of 276 Dutch business school students, we find that students are more inclined to free ride in a foreign language setting than in a native language setting. A student’s conscientiousness attenuates this relationship such that this effect is stronger for students who are less conscientious, and weaker and almost absent for those who are more conscientious. After a student decides not to free ride but to positively contribute to the group, the specific level of contribution is not affected by foreign language. We discuss implications for practice, policy, theory, and future research. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2014.0338 SN - 1537-260X VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 268 EP - 286 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bönte, Werner A1 - Procher, Vivien D. A1 - Urbig, Diemo T1 - Biology and Selection into Entrepreneurship—The Relevance of Prenatal Testosterone Exposure T2 - Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice N2 - This study examines the relationship between prenatal testosterone exposure (PTE) and selection into entrepreneurship. We argue that the relationship between PTE and entrepreneurial intent is positive and mediated by general and domain–specific risk–taking related to financial investment and professional career. Using the second–to–fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) as noninvasive retrospective marker for PTE, we identify two–step mediation effects of PTE on entrepreneurial intent through both general and domain–specific risk–taking. To account for possible socialization–based effects, we control for gender and parental self–employment. Applying ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses and structural equation models, we provide empirical evidence for a biological association between 2D:4D and entrepreneurial intent. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12165 SN - 1042-2587 VL - 40 IS - 5 SP - 1121 EP - 1148 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Esteve, Marc A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Witteloostuijn, Arjen van A1 - Boyne, George T1 - Prosocial Behavior and Public Service Motivation T2 - Public Administration Review N2 - Although research on public service motivation (PSM) is vast, there is little evidence regarding the effects of PSM on observable behavior. This article contributes to the understanding of the behavioral implications of PSM by investigating whether PSM is associated with prosocial behavior. Moreover, it addresses whether and how the behavior of other group members influences this relationship. The article uses the experimental setting of the public goods game, run with a sample of 263 students, in combination with survey‐based PSM measures. A positive link is found between PSM and prosocial behavior. This relationship is moderated by the behavior of other group members: high‐PSM people act even more prosocially when the other members of the group show prosocial behavior as well, but they do not do so if the behavior of other group members is not prosocial. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12480 SN - 0033-3352 VL - 76 IS - 1 SP - 177 EP - 187 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Procher, Vivien D. A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Volkmann, Christine T1 - Time to BRIC it? Internationalization of European family firms in Europe, North America and the BRIC countries T2 - Applied Economics Letters N2 - For a sample of 1243 European companies, we analyse the link between firm type and foreign direct investment (FDI) locations. We find substantial empirical evidence that being a family firm does not only affect the overall propensity for FDI, but that this effect is also specific to target regions. Overall, family firms invest more than managerial-led firms, particularly in Europe and North America. Furthermore, the BRIC countries, Brazil, Russia, India and China do not constitute a homogeneous attractiveness cluster for FDI. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2013.815302 SN - 1350-4851 VL - 20 IS - 16 SP - 1466 EP - 1471 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Röder, Martin A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Stöckmann, Christoph A1 - Bönte, Werner A1 - Procher, Vivien D. T1 - There's no fox like an old fox: Dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation and venture closure T2 - 26th Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Entrepreneurship, Innovation and SMEs, 2023 N2 - Only a few scholars examined downsides of EO and suggest it may negatively affect survival. Previous research, which mainly focuses on mature companies, assumes that the relationship between EO and survival is constant. However, because firm characteristics and causal mechanisms change as young venture survive and grow into mature firms, the relationships between EO and survival could also change over time. We extend the EO literature by considering changing EO effects when venture grow into mature firms and by employing a multidimensional view on EO and identify isolating independent mechanisms for the influence of each dimension (i.e. innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking) on the survival of young ventures. While the nature of proactiveness on performance is rathe positive, risk-taking and innovativeness increases the variance of firm performance and thus the chances of failure. However, the latter can be separated according to whether the increase in variance occurs at a single point in time (risk-taking) or over time (innovation) and whether the survivors have more money or more innovations. For young firms, innovativeness and risk-taking inhibit survival, while proactiveness promotes it, so the dimensions have divergent effects. As a consequence of the attrition of young ventures, the associations of innovativeness and risk-taking reverse when they grow older. Our empirical analyses are based on panel data of 8,518 young firms. KW - Entrepreneurship KW - Survival KW - Failure KW - Entrepreneurial orientation KW - time-varying Cox proportional hazard model Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379155763 UR - https://www.fgf-ev.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/G-Forum-2023-Programmgeruest_18-09-2023_Internet.pdf ER - TY - GEN A1 - Geenen, Noreen Y. R. A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Muehlfeld, Katrin A1 - Witteloostuijn, Arjen van A1 - Gargalianou, Vasiliki T1 - BIS and BAS: Biobehaviorally rooted drivers of entrepreneurial intent T2 - Personality and Individual Differences N2 - We document the predictive relevance of the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and the behavioral approach system (BAS) in a novel domain of societal importance: entrepreneurship. Based on structural equation models, Study 1 (N = 320) reveals that BAS reward responsiveness (BAS-RR) has a negative and BAS fun seeking (BAS-FS) has a positive association with entrepreneurial intent. Similar results emerge for Study 2 (N = 470): BAS-RR is negatively and BAS drive (BAS-D) is positively related to entrepreneurial intent. Additionally, Study 2 includes entrepreneurial experience, which is negatively related with BAS-RR and positively with BAS-D. We do not find any significant relationship between the BIS and entrepreneurial intent or experience. Our results support the multidimensionality of the BAS, with the subscales being differently associated with both entrepreneurial intent and experience. Finally, by simultaneously including intent and experience, Study 2 makes a methodological contribution related to the validity of student samples when analyzing entrepreneurial intent. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.023 SN - 0191-8869 VL - 95 SP - 204 EP - 213 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hofmockel, Alexandra S. A1 - Procher, Vivien D. A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Gottschalk, Sandra T1 - What drives an entrepreneur to remain in a paid job? Explaining heterogeneityi among hybrid entrepreneurs T2 - Frontiers of entrepreneurship research 2022: Proceedings of the forty-second annual Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference N2 - Principal Topic: Hybrid entrepreneurs, individuals working in a paid job while simultaneously being self-employed (Folta et al. 2010), seem to receive increasing scholarly attention in entrepreneurship research. Since they tend to be more risk-averse and have less entrepreneurial experience than non-hybrid entrepreneurs (Folta et al. 2010; Raffiee & Feng, 2014), the general proposition in research remains to view hybrid entrepreneurs as a homogenous group who mainly use hybridity for testing before transitioning into full-time self-employment. However, we show that considering a broad diversity of motives to stay in a paid job will reveal heterogeneity among hybrid entrepreneurs. Furthermore, since different motives tend to be associated with varying performance outcomes (Deci & Ryan, 2000), we demonstrate that heterogeneity among hybrid entrepreneurs relates to differences in performance and innovativeness. Method: We employed a start-up panel dataset (2013 – 2018) from the Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research to evaluate practically relevant combinations of motives derived from theory to empirically identify natural clusters among hybrid entrepreneurs by estimating a latent class logit model. Secondly, we use panel regression analyses to test whether these three classes compared to full-time entrepreneurs differ concerning their financial and innovative performance measured in profit, sales, and innovativeness as separate dependent variables. Hereby, we control for demographics, experience, and industry. Results and Implications: We were able to identify three dominant types among hybrid entrepreneurs: opportunists, transitioners, and networkers. Moreover, performance differences exist between these three classes as well as compared to full-time entrepreneurs. We observe that opportunists are associated with higher short-term profits than full-time entrepreneurs. At the same time, networkers and transitioners seem to engage in more innovative activities than opportunists and full-time entrepreneurs. We contribute to current research on potential mechanisms causing hybrid entrepreneurship, showing that hybrid entrepreneurs should not be considered a homogeneous group. Furthermore, we contribute to entrepreneurship literature by demonstrating that heterogeneity among hybrids exists when considering motives to remain in a paid job, which is associated with differences in performance and innovativeness. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-0-910897-00-6 SP - S. 166 PB - Arthur M. Blank Center for Entrepreneurship CY - Babson Park, Massachusetts ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mochkabadi, Kazem A1 - Kleinert, Simon A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Volkmann, Christine T1 - Turning extreme distinctiveness into an asset? How radically innovative ventures can achieve optimal distinctiveness in early-stage funding contexts T2 - Frontiers of entrepreneurship research 2022: Proceedings of the forty-second annual Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference N2 - This study relies on optimal distinctiveness theory to investigate how radically innovative ventures might attract funding. Conforming with existing norms can help new ventures gain legitimacy from resource providers, yet radically innovative ventures instead feature extreme distinctiveness. The results of three complementary empirical studies affirm that these radically innovative ventures suffer from reduced funding chances among equity crowdfunders. Contributing to optimal distinctiveness theory, the authors show that extremely distinctive ventures can shift to become optimally distinctive. Thus, radically innovative ventures can reverse the negative effect and avoid the downsides of non-conformity by leveraging external legitimacy sources, such as endorsements from alliance partners or professional investors. The optimal level of distinctiveness also varies by audience, such that radically innovative ventures’ extreme distinctiveness evokes more negative judgments among equity crowdfunders who expect returns than among reward crowdfunders who seek novelty. Surprisingly though, without external legitimacy sources, radical innovativeness is never favored, even by novelty-seeking audiences. This fresh evidence that radical innovativeness constitutes both a liability and an asset, contingent on new ventures’ external endorsements and audience expectations, points to important boundary conditions for optimal distinctiveness theory. KW - Entrepreneurship KW - Crowdfunding Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-0-910897-00-6 SP - 73 EP - 78 PB - Arthur M. Blank Center for Entrepreneurship CY - Babson Park, Massachusetts ER -