TY - GEN A1 - Schoss, Stephanie A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Brettel, Malte A1 - Mauer, René T1 - Deep-level diversity in entrepreneurial teams and the mediating role of conflicts on teamefficacy and satisfaction T2 - International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal N2 - Team start-ups have substantial advantages over solo start-ups, but teams often do not live up to their potential due to conflicts creating unfavorable team dynamics. Based on an experiment with 665 individuals in 133 randomly composed teams participating in a new-venture simulation, we found team members’ deep-level characteristics that trigger motivations to act, i.e., achievement motivation and leadership orientations, to be particularly important sources of task conflicts. We found that diversity in leadership orientation reduces conflicts because not all team members can lead at the same time. Unlike hypothesized, we found that diversity in achievement motivation also reduces conflicts, for which, ex-post, we explore potential reasons. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the mediating task and relationship conflicts differently affect team outcomes due to their different nature of task-relatedness: while task conflicts affect task-related team efficacy and may escalate into relationship conflicts, relationship conflicts directly affect team satisfaction, but not team efficacy. Further emphasizing the importance of a motivational basis of conflicts, we found that individuals’ general self-efficacy, a more belief-related construct, affects team outcomes only through team efficacy, but not via conflicts. KW - Entrepreneurship KW - Teams KW - Experiment KW - Personality KW - interpersonal conflict KW - Task conflicts KW - Relationship conflicts KW - Team efficacy KW - Team satisfaction Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00654-1 SN - 1555-1938 VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 1173 EP - 1203 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Procher, Vivien D. A1 - Steinberg, Philip J. A1 - Volkmann, Christine T1 - The role of firm-level and country-level antecedents in explaining emerging versus advanced economy multinationals' R&D internationalization strategies T2 - International Business Review N2 - We examined firm-level and country-level antecedents of R&D internationalization strategies, focusing on differences between enterprises in emerging and advanced economies. Previous research often focuses on the relative importance of home-base-exploiting versus home-base-augmenting knowledge transfer strategies. We suggest that country-level and firm-level effects differ for the two strategies, and hence, we examined each strategy independently. Collecting data in China, India, the United States, and Germany, we demonstrated that firms' relative technological position as a firm-level characteristic can explain differences in home-base-exploiting strategies between emerging and advanced economies. In contrast, home-base-augmenting is more closely related to exploratory institutional environments, a country-level factor. Thus, either firm- or country-level antecedents can gain a dominant role, depending on the strategy implemented. KW - Emerging-economy multinational companies KW - Institutional environment KW - Home-base-exploiting KW - Home-base-augmenting KW - Innovation KW - R&D Internationalization Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969593121001724 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2021.101954 SN - 0969-5931 VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 14 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Reif, Karina A1 - Gegenhuber, Thomas Karl A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Bürger, Robin T1 - A Lost Cause? A Process Perspective on How Outsiders Overcome Stigmatization T2 - Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings N2 - While we have a great deal of scholarship on legitimacy, our understanding of how stigmatized actors seek to (re-)gain legitimacy remains quite limited. We seek to enhance our understanding of such processes through a qualitative, in-depth case study of a radical soccer fan community that, when faced an identity-threatening event, launched a crowdfunding campaign that ultimately succeeded in enhancing their legitimacy for their cause and enabling them to have a voice in a central strategic decision on the redesign of their club's soccer stadium. We leverage this case to develop a model on how stigmatized groups might be able to enhance their legitimacy in the eyes of certain audiences. We show that first, the crowdfunding campaign created a digital and temporal space allowing them to disassociate stigmatized and associate legitimate elements (i.e. artifact-based affiliation). Second, we theorize how various association tactics were drawn upon over time, facilitating an interrelated set of dynamics between what we label manual and forced association. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our study for future research on legitimation processes related to stigmatized groups. KW - Crowdfunding KW - Soccer Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2022.14592abstract SN - 0065-0668 SN - 2151-6561 VL - 2022 IS - 1 PB - Academy of Management ER - TY - GEN A1 - Röder, Martin A1 - Procher, Vivien D. A1 - Urbig, Diemo T1 - Not all Innovations are Alike: Who Should Receive Public Grants? T2 - Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings N2 - As innovation policy targets innovations suffering from underinvestment, we examine the effect of public grants on innovation. While innovation involves a lot of uncertainty, we suggest public grants as the best option bearing no obligations. But not all innovations are alike as they differ by newness level. Hence, we distinguish between ""new-to-world"" explorative and ""new-to-firm"" explotation innovation. Making use of (inter)national knowledge flow, some exploitative innovations are not ""new-to-firm"" but rather ""new-to-region or -country"" leveraging existing knowledge from another region or country. Allocating grants to the most promising startups, we evaluate startups' quality by high-tech industry and ""entrepreneurial orientation"" (EO). Within over 4,000 early-stage German startups, we find that explorative innovations benefit the most from grants, especially high EO startups. Also, grants help low EO firms to become innovative at all and to launch exploitative innovation with (inter)national knowledge flow. KW - Entrepreneurship KW - Innovation KW - Public grants KW - Innovation policy Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2022.16657abstract U6 - https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2022.16657abstract SN - 2151-6561 SN - 0065-0668 VL - 2022 PB - Academy of Management ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hofmockel, Alexandra S. A1 - Procher, Vivien D. A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Gottschalk, Sandra T1 - What drives an entrepreneur to remain in a paid job? Explaining heterogeneityi among hybrid entrepreneurs T2 - Frontiers of entrepreneurship research 2022: Proceedings of the forty-second annual Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference N2 - Principal Topic: Hybrid entrepreneurs, individuals working in a paid job while simultaneously being self-employed (Folta et al. 2010), seem to receive increasing scholarly attention in entrepreneurship research. Since they tend to be more risk-averse and have less entrepreneurial experience than non-hybrid entrepreneurs (Folta et al. 2010; Raffiee & Feng, 2014), the general proposition in research remains to view hybrid entrepreneurs as a homogenous group who mainly use hybridity for testing before transitioning into full-time self-employment. However, we show that considering a broad diversity of motives to stay in a paid job will reveal heterogeneity among hybrid entrepreneurs. Furthermore, since different motives tend to be associated with varying performance outcomes (Deci & Ryan, 2000), we demonstrate that heterogeneity among hybrid entrepreneurs relates to differences in performance and innovativeness. Method: We employed a start-up panel dataset (2013 – 2018) from the Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research to evaluate practically relevant combinations of motives derived from theory to empirically identify natural clusters among hybrid entrepreneurs by estimating a latent class logit model. Secondly, we use panel regression analyses to test whether these three classes compared to full-time entrepreneurs differ concerning their financial and innovative performance measured in profit, sales, and innovativeness as separate dependent variables. Hereby, we control for demographics, experience, and industry. Results and Implications: We were able to identify three dominant types among hybrid entrepreneurs: opportunists, transitioners, and networkers. Moreover, performance differences exist between these three classes as well as compared to full-time entrepreneurs. We observe that opportunists are associated with higher short-term profits than full-time entrepreneurs. At the same time, networkers and transitioners seem to engage in more innovative activities than opportunists and full-time entrepreneurs. We contribute to current research on potential mechanisms causing hybrid entrepreneurship, showing that hybrid entrepreneurs should not be considered a homogeneous group. Furthermore, we contribute to entrepreneurship literature by demonstrating that heterogeneity among hybrids exists when considering motives to remain in a paid job, which is associated with differences in performance and innovativeness. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-0-910897-00-6 SP - S. 166 PB - Arthur M. Blank Center for Entrepreneurship CY - Babson Park, Massachusetts ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mochkabadi, Kazem A1 - Kleinert, Simon A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Volkmann, Christine T1 - Turning extreme distinctiveness into an asset? How radically innovative ventures can achieve optimal distinctiveness in early-stage funding contexts T2 - Frontiers of entrepreneurship research 2022: Proceedings of the forty-second annual Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference N2 - This study relies on optimal distinctiveness theory to investigate how radically innovative ventures might attract funding. Conforming with existing norms can help new ventures gain legitimacy from resource providers, yet radically innovative ventures instead feature extreme distinctiveness. The results of three complementary empirical studies affirm that these radically innovative ventures suffer from reduced funding chances among equity crowdfunders. Contributing to optimal distinctiveness theory, the authors show that extremely distinctive ventures can shift to become optimally distinctive. Thus, radically innovative ventures can reverse the negative effect and avoid the downsides of non-conformity by leveraging external legitimacy sources, such as endorsements from alliance partners or professional investors. The optimal level of distinctiveness also varies by audience, such that radically innovative ventures’ extreme distinctiveness evokes more negative judgments among equity crowdfunders who expect returns than among reward crowdfunders who seek novelty. Surprisingly though, without external legitimacy sources, radical innovativeness is never favored, even by novelty-seeking audiences. This fresh evidence that radical innovativeness constitutes both a liability and an asset, contingent on new ventures’ external endorsements and audience expectations, points to important boundary conditions for optimal distinctiveness theory. KW - Entrepreneurship KW - Crowdfunding Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-0-910897-00-6 SP - 73 EP - 78 PB - Arthur M. Blank Center for Entrepreneurship CY - Babson Park, Massachusetts ER - TY - GEN A1 - Geenen, Noreen Y. R. A1 - Mühlfeld, Katrin A1 - Urbig, Diemo T1 - Foundations of innovativeness in the international arena: Foreign language use and creative performance T2 - European Journal of International Management N2 - Individuals' creativity is a key resource underlying an organisation's innovativeness. With workplaces becoming increasingly multilingual, a question of growing relevance concerns whether using a native versus a foreign language affects individuals' creativity. This study integrates research on foreign language in international business and on determinants of individual creativity with cognitive psychological research. Experiments suggest a detrimental effect of foreign versus native language use on creative performance, which is stronger in verbal tasks. Subjectively perceived foreign language proficiency appears to mitigate this negative effect. In tasks framed in figural terms, foreign language use even seems to stimulate creativity compared with a native language setting. This finding implies a potential lever for organisations seeking to stimulate employees' creativity to deliberately use a foreign language context to encourage thinking outside the box, particularly when using nonverbal creativity tools. Important implications arise for future research and practice in international management and creativity and innovation management. KW - foreign language use KW - foreign language proficiency KW - foreign language anxiety KW - creativity KW - creative performance KW - divergent thinking KW - innovativeness Y1 - 2022 UR - http://urbig.org/mediapool/90/907078/data/publications/Geenen_Muehlfeld_Urbig_-_EJIM_-_Foreign_language_and_creativity.pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2022.10045539 SN - 1751-6765 ER -