TY - GEN A1 - Edlinger, Anna A1 - Garland, Gina A1 - Banerjee, Samiran A1 - Degrune, Florine A1 - García‐Palacios, Pablo A1 - Herzog, Chantal A1 - Pescador, David Sánchez A1 - Romdhane, Sana A1 - Ryo, Masahiro A1 - Saghaï, Aurélien A1 - Hallin, Sara A1 - Maestre, Fernando T. A1 - Philippot, Laurent A1 - Rillig, Matthias C. A1 - Heijden, Marcel G. A. van der T1 - The impact of agricultural management on soil aggregation and carbon storage is regulated by climatic thresholds across a 3000 km European gradient T2 - Global Change Biology N2 - Organic carbon and aggregate stability are key features of soil quality and are important to consider when evaluating the potential of agricultural soils as carbon sinks. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how soil organic carbon (SOC) and aggregate stability respond to agricultural management across wide environmental gradients. Here, we assessed the impact of climatic factors, soil properties and agricultural management (including land use, crop cover, crop diversity, organic fertilization, and management intensity) on SOC and the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, commonly used as an indicator for soil aggregate stability, across a 3000 km European gradient. Soil aggregate stability (−56%) and SOC stocks (−35%) in the topsoil (20 cm) were lower in croplands compared with neighboring grassland sites (uncropped sites with perennial vegetation and little or no external inputs). Land use and aridity were strong drivers of soil aggregation explaining 33% and 20% of the variation, respectively. SOC stocks were best explained by calcium content (20% of explained variation) followed by aridity (15%) and mean annual temperature (10%). We also found a threshold‐like pattern for SOC stocks and aggregate stability in response to aridity, with lower values at sites with higher aridity. The impact of crop management on aggregate stability and SOC stocks appeared to be regulated by these thresholds, with more pronounced positive effects of crop diversity and more severe negative effects of crop management intensity in nondryland compared with dryland regions. We link the higher sensitivity of SOC stocks and aggregate stability in nondryland regions to a higher climatic potential for aggregate‐mediated SOC stabilization. The presented findings are relevant for improving predictions of management effects on soil structure and C storage and highlight the need for site‐specific agri‐environmental policies to improve soil quality and C sequestration. KW - aggregate stability KW - agro-ecosystems KW - aridity KW - climatic threshold KW - environmental gradient KW - intensive agriculture KW - soil organic carbon Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16677 SN - 1354-1013 VL - 29 IS - 11 SP - 3177 EP - 3192 PB - Wiley ER - TY - GEN A1 - Degrune, Florine A1 - Dumack, Kenneth A1 - Ryo, Masahiro A1 - Garland, Gina A1 - Romdhane, Sana A1 - Saghaï, Aurélien A1 - Banerjee, Samiran A1 - Edlinger, Anna A1 - Herzog, Chantal A1 - Pescador, David Sánchez A1 - García‐Palacios, Pablo A1 - Fiore-Donno, Anna Maria A1 - Bonkowski, Michael A1 - Hallin, Sara A1 - Heijden, Marcel G. A. van der A1 - Maestre, Fernando T. A1 - Philippot, Laurent A1 - Glemnitz, Michael A1 - Sieling, Klaus A1 - Rillig, Matthias C. T1 - The impact of fungi on soil protist communities in European cereal croplands T2 - Environmental Microbiology N2 - Protists, a crucial part of the soil food web, are increasingly acknowledged as significant influencers of nutrient cycling and plant performance in farmlands. While topographical and climatic factors are often considered to drive microbial communities on a continental scale, higher trophic levels like heterotrophic protists also rely on their food sources. In this context, bacterivores have received more attention than fungivores. Our study explored the connection between the community composition of protists (specifically Rhizaria and Cercozoa) and fungi across 156 cereal fields in Europe, spanning a latitudinal gradient of 3000 km. We employed a machine‐learning approach to measure the significance of fungal communities in comparison to bacterial communities, soil abiotic factors, and climate as determinants of the Cercozoa community composition. Our findings indicate that climatic variables and fungal communities are the primary drivers of cercozoan communities, accounting for 70% of their community composition. Structural equation modelling (SEM) unveiled indirect climatic effects on the cercozoan communities through a change in the composition of the fungal communities. Our data also imply that fungivory might be more prevalent among protists than generally believed. This study uncovers a hidden facet of the soil food web, suggesting that the benefits of microbial diversity could be more effectively integrated into sustainable agriculture practices. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16673 SN - 1462-2912 VL - 26 IS - 7 PB - Wiley ER - TY - GEN A1 - Huber, Christoph A1 - Dreber, Anna A1 - Huber, Jürgen A1 - Johannesson, Magnus A1 - Kirchler, Michael A1 - Weitzel, Utz A1 - Abellán, Miguel A1 - Adayeva, Xeniya A1 - Ay, Fehime Ceren A1 - Barron, Kai A1 - Berry, Zachariah A1 - Bönte, Werner A1 - Brütt, Katharina A1 - Bulutay, Muhammed A1 - Campos-Mercade, Pol A1 - Cardella, Eric A1 - Claassen, Maria Almudena A1 - Cornelissen, Gert A1 - Dawson, Ian G. J. A1 - Delnoij, Joyce A1 - Demiral, Elif E. A1 - Dimant, Eugen A1 - Doerflinger, Johannes Theodor A1 - Dold, Malte A1 - Emery, Cécile A1 - Fiala, Lenka A1 - Fiedler, Susann A1 - Freddi, Eleonora A1 - Fries, Tilman A1 - Gasiorowska, Agata A1 - Glogowsky, Ulrich A1 - Gorny, Paul Matthias A1 - Gretton, Jeremy David A1 - Grohmann, Antonia A1 - Hafenbrädl, Sebastian A1 - Handgraaf, Michel A1 - Hanoch, Yaniv A1 - Hart, Einav A1 - Hennig, Max A1 - Hudja, Stanton A1 - Hütter, Mandy A1 - Hyndman, Kyle A1 - Ioannidis, Konstantinos A1 - Isler, Ozan A1 - Jeworrek, Sabrina A1 - Jolles, Daniel A1 - Juanchich, Marie A1 - Raghabendra, Pratap K.C. A1 - Khadjavi, Menusch A1 - Kugler, Tamar A1 - Li, Shuwen A1 - Lucas, Brian A1 - Mak, Vincent A1 - Mechtel, Mario A1 - Merkle, Christoph A1 - Meyers, Ethan Andrew A1 - Mollerstrom, Johanna A1 - Nesterov, Alexander A1 - Neyse, Levent A1 - Nieken, Petra A1 - Nussberger, Anne-Marie A1 - Palumbo, Helena A1 - Peters, Kim A1 - Pirrone, Angelo A1 - Qin, Xiangdong A1 - Rahal, Rima Maria A1 - Rau, Holger A1 - Rincke, Johannes A1 - Ronzani, Piero A1 - Roth, Yefim A1 - Saral, Ali Seyhun A1 - Schmitz, Jan A1 - Schneider, Florian A1 - Schram, Arthur A1 - Schudy, Simeon A1 - Schweitzer, Maurice E. A1 - Schwieren, Christiane A1 - Scopelliti, Irene A1 - Sirota, Miroslav A1 - Sonnemans, Joep A1 - Soraperra, Ivan A1 - Spantig, Lisa A1 - Steimanis, Ivo A1 - Steinmetz, Janina A1 - Suetens, Sigrid A1 - Theodoropoulou, Andriana A1 - Urbig, Diemo A1 - Vorlaufer, Tobias A1 - Waibel, Joschka A1 - Woods, Daniel A1 - Yakobi, Ofir A1 - Yilmaz, Onurcan A1 - Zaleskiewicz, Tomasz A1 - Zeisberger, Stefan A1 - Holzmeister, Felix T1 - Competition and moral behavior: A meta-analysis of forty-five crowd-sourced experimental designs T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences N2 - Does competition affect moral behavior? This fundamental question has been debated among leading scholars for centuries, and more recently, it has been tested in experimental studies yielding a body of rather inconclusive empirical evidence. A potential source of ambivalent empirical results on the same hypothesis is design heterogeneity—variation in true effect sizes across various reasonable experimental research protocols. To provide further evidence on whether competition affects moral behavior and to examine whether the generalizability of a single experimental study is jeopardized by design heterogeneity, we invited independent research teams to contribute experimental designs to a crowd-sourced project. In a large-scale online data collection, 18,123 experimental participants were randomly allocated to 45 randomly selected experimental designs out of 95 submitted designs. We find a small adverse effect of competition on moral behavior in a meta-analysis of the pooled data. The crowd-sourced design of our study allows for a clean identification and estimation of the variation in effect sizes above and beyond what could be expected due to sampling variance. We find substantial design heterogeneity—estimated to be about 1.6 times as large as the average standard error of effect size estimates of the 45 research designs—indicating that the informativeness and generalizability of results based on a single experimental design are limited. Drawing strong conclusions about the underlying hypotheses in the presence of substantive design heterogeneity requires moving toward much larger data collections on various experimental designs testing the same hypothesis. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2215572120 SN - 0027-8424 SN - 1091-6490 VL - 120 IS - 23 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Boetzl, Fabian A1 - Sponsler, Douglas A1 - Albrecht, Matthias A1 - Batáry, Péter A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Knapp, Michal A1 - Krauss, Jochen A1 - Maas, Bea A1 - Martin, Emily A. A1 - Sirami, Clélia A1 - Sutter, Louis A1 - Bertrand, Colette A1 - Baillod, Aliette A1 - Bota, Gerard A1 - Bretagnolle, Vincent A1 - Brotons, Lluís A1 - Frank, Thomas A1 - Fusser, Moritz A1 - Giralt, David A1 - González, Ezequiel A1 - Hof, Anouschka A1 - Luka, Henryk A1 - Marrec, Ronan A1 - Nash, Michael A1 - Ng, Katherina A1 - Plantegenest, Manuel A1 - Poulin, Brigitte A1 - Siriwardena, Gavin A1 - Zubair-Anjum, Muhammad A1 - Entling, Martin A1 - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf A1 - Schirmel, Jens T1 - Distance functions of carabids in crop fields depend on functional traits, crop type and adjacent habitat: a synthesis T2 - Proceedings Royal Society. Series B, Biological sciences Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.2383 SN - 1471-2954 VL - Vol. 291 SP - 1 EP - 10 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Leopold, Matthias A1 - Dethier, David A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Raab, Thomas T1 - Combining sediment analysis and seismic refraction to describe the structure, thickness and distribution of periglacial slope deposits at Niwot Ridge, Rocky Mountains Front Range, Colorado, USA T2 - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2008/0052S2-0077 VL - 52 IS - 2 SP - 77 EP - 94 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Leopold, Matthias A1 - Dethier, David A1 - Völkel, Jörg A1 - Raab, Thomas A1 - Rikert, Tyler Corson A1 - Caine, Nel T1 - Using Geophysical Methods to Study the Shallow Subsurface of a Sensitive Alpine Environment, Niwat Ridge, Colorado Front Range, U.S.A. T2 - Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(06-124)[LEOPOLD]2.0.CO;2 SN - 1938-4246 VL - 40 IS - 3 SP - 519 EP - 530 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Matzekat, David A1 - Pfeiffer, Klaus A1 - Schwarz, Harald A1 - Schmoger, Christin A1 - Halbauer, Ronald A1 - Zickler, Uwe A1 - Hable, Matthias T1 - Betrachtung von Spannungshaltungskonzepten in hochausgelasteten Verteilnetzen T2 - Transformation der Stromversorgung – Netzregelung und Systemstabilität - 14. ETG/GMA-Fachtagung, 28.09.2022 - 29.09.2022 in Leipzig, Germany ( ETG-Fb. 166: Transformation der Stromversorgung – Netzregelung und Systemstabilität) Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-8007-5960-6 SN - 0341-3934 PB - VDE Verlag GmbH ER - TY - GEN A1 - Matzekat, David A1 - Pfeiffer, Klaus A1 - Schwarz, Harald A1 - Schmoger, Christin A1 - Halbauer, Ronald A1 - Zickler, Uwe A1 - Hable, Matthias ED - Bachhiesl, Udo T1 - Betrachtung von Spannungshaltungskonzepten in hochausgelasteten Verteilnetzen T2 - EnInnov2022 - 17. Symposium Energieinnovation; Kurzfassungsband: FUTURE OF ENERGY - Innovationen für eine klimaneutrale Zukunft; 16.02. – 18.02.2022 TU Graz, Österreich Y1 - 2022 UR - https://openlib.tugraz.at/eninnov2022-17-symposium-energieinnovation-kurzfassungsband-2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.3217/978-3-85125-915-5 SP - 167 EP - 168 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Klatt, Matthias A1 - Pfeiffer, Klaus A1 - Bendig, Martin A1 - Platta, Kristian A1 - Matzekat, David T1 - Betrachtungen zur Mindesterzeugung von Braunkohlekraftwerken im Kontext des Netzbetriebs Y1 - 2018 UR - https://mwe.brandenburg.de/media/bb1.a.3814.de/Studie_konventionelle_Mindesterzeugung_Endbericht.pdf PB - Brandenburgische Technische Universität, Fachgebiet Dezentrale Energiesysteme [u.a.] CY - Cottbus ; Senftenberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gailing, Ludger A1 - Naumann, Matthias A1 - Rudolph, David T1 - Local and regional conflicts in the energy transition T2 - Reference module in materials science and materials engineering N2 - Energy transitions are accompanied by a range of conflicts, which mostly occur at local and regional scales. To help understand these, this chapter provides a typology of energy conflicts, of which the most common are distribution and procedural conflicts. Energy conflicts entail material, spatial, temporal and actor dimensions. For both major types of energy conflict and their different dimensions, the chapter provides empirical examples from Denmark and the United Kingdom. Energy conflicts are a challenge for energy transitions, but they are also drivers of social change, which are inherent in the pluralistic structure of modern societies. KW - Energy geography KW - Infrastructure planning KW - Landscape KW - Localism KW - Regional development KW - Renewable energies KW - Wind energy Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-0-12-803581-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-29210-1.00073-X SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Elsevier BV CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ornelas-Skarin, Chance A1 - Bezriadina, Tatiana A1 - Fuchs, Matthias A1 - Ghimire, Shambhu A1 - Hastings, J. B. A1 - Nguyen, Quynh L. A1 - de la Peña, Gilberto A1 - Sato, Takahiro A1 - Shwartz, Sharon A1 - Trigo, Mariano A1 - Zhu, Diling A1 - Popova-Gorelova, Daria A1 - Reis, David A. T1 - Second-order microscopic nonlinear optical susceptibility in a centrosymmetric material : application to imaging valence electron motion T2 - Physical review X N2 - We report measurements of phase-matched nonlinear x-ray and optical mixing from single-crystal silicon using subresonant 0.95 eV laser pulses and 9.5 keV hard x-ray pulses from the Linear Coherent Light Source free-electron laser. The mixing signal appears as energy and momentum sidebands to the elastic Bragg peak. It is proportional to the magnitude squared of the relevant temporal and spatial Fourier components of the optically induced microscopic charges and currents. We measure the first- and second-order sideband to the 220 Bragg peak and find that the efficiency is maximized when the applied field is along the reciprocal lattice vector. For an optical intensity of approximately 1012  W/cm2, we measure peak efficiencies of 3 ×10−7 and 3 ×10−10 for the first- and second-order sideband, respectively (relative to the elastic Bragg peak). The first-order sideband is consistent with induced microscopic currents along the applied electric field and an isotropic response. The second-order sideband depends nontrivially on the optical field orientation and is consistent with an anisotropic response originating from induced charges along the bonds with C3⁢𝑣site symmetry. The results agree well with first-principles Floquet-Bloch calculations.tions. KW - Charge density waves KW - Charge dynamics KW - Chemical bonding KW - Crystal phenomena KW - Crystal structure KW - Nonlinear optics KW - Dielectric properties KW - Nonlinear optical susceptibility KW - Ultrafast optics KW - Ultrafast phenomena KW - X-ray beams & optics KW - Polarizability Dynamical diffraction KW - X-ray diffraction KW - X-ray scattering KW - X-ray techniques Y1 - 2026 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/7vqw-jbs7 SN - 2160-3308 VL - 16 SP - 011006-1 EP - 011006-13 PB - APS CY - College Park, Maryland ER -