TY - GEN A1 - Homfeldt, Felix A1 - Rese, Alexandra A1 - Brenner, Hanno A1 - Baier, Daniel A1 - Schäfer, Fabio T1 - Identification and Generation of Innovative Ideas in the Procurement of the Automotive Industry: The Case of AUDI AG T2 - International Journal of Innovation Management Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919617500530 SN - 1363-9196 SN - 1757-5877 N1 - Artikel-Nr. 1750053 VL - 21 IS - 7 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Zundel, Stefan A1 - Blättel-Mink, Birgit A1 - Brohmann, Bettina A1 - Defila, Rico A1 - Di Giulio, Antonietta A1 - Fischer, Daniel A1 - Fuchs, Doris A1 - Gölz, Sebastian A1 - Götz, Konrad A1 - Homburg, Andreas A1 - Kaufmann-Hayoz, Ruth A1 - Matthies, Ellen A1 - Michelsen, Gerd A1 - Schäfer, Martina A1 - Tews, Kerstin A1 - Wassermann, Sandra T1 - Konsum-Botschaften : was Forschende für die gesellschaftliche Gestaltung nachhaltigen Konsums empfehlen Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-7776-2371-9 PB - Hirzel Verlag CY - Stuttgart ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - GEN A1 - Werder, Dina von A1 - Regnath, Franziska A1 - Schäfer, Daniel A1 - Jörres, Rudolf A1 - Lehnen, Nadine A1 - Glasauer, Stefan T1 - Post-COVID breathlessness: a mathematical model of respiratory processing in the brain T2 - European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience N2 - Breathlessness is among the most common post-COVID symptoms. In a considerable number of patients, severe breathlessness cannot be explained by peripheral organ impairment. Recent concepts have described how such persistent breathlessness could arise from dysfunctional processing of respiratory information in the brain. In this paper, we present a first quantitative and testable mathematical model of how processing of respiratory-related signals could lead to breathlessness perception. The model is based on recent theories that the brain holds an adaptive and dynamic internal representation of a respiratory state that is based on previous experiences and comprises gas exchange between environment, lung and tissue cells. Perceived breathlessness reflects the brain’s estimate of this respiratory state signaling a potentially hazardous disequilibrium in gas exchange. The internal respiratory state evolves from the respiratory state of the last breath, is updated by a sensory measurement of CO2 concentration, and is dependent on the current activity context. To evaluate our model and thus test the assumed mechanism, we used data from an ongoing rebreathing experiment investigating breathlessness in patients with post-COVID without peripheral organ dysfunction (N = 5) and healthy control participants without complaints after COVID-19 (N = 5). Although the observed breathlessness patterns varied extensively between individual participants in the rebreathing experiment, our model shows good performance in replicating these individual, heterogeneous time courses. The model assumes the same underlying processes in the central nervous system in all individuals, i.e., also between patients and healthy control participants, and we hypothesize that differences in breathlessness are explained by different weighting and thus influence of these processes on the final percept. Our model could thus be applied in future studies to provide insight into where in the processing cascade of respiratory signals a deficit is located that leads to (post-COVID) breathlessness. A potential clinical application could be, e.g., the monitoring of effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on respiratory processing in the brain to improve the therapeutic strategies. KW - Pharmacology (medical) KW - Biological Psychiatry KW - Psychiatry and Mental health KW - General Medicine Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-023-01739-y SN - 0940-1334 ER -