TY - GEN A1 - Hertel, Robert A1 - Schöne, Kerstin A1 - Mittelstädt, Carolin A1 - Meißner, Janek A1 - Zschoche, Nick A1 - Collignon, Madeline A1 - Kohler, Christian A1 - Friedrich, Ines A1 - Schneider, Dominik A1 - Hoppert, Michael A1 - Kuhn, Ramona A1 - Schwedt, Inge A1 - Scholz, Patricia A1 - Poehlein, Anja A1 - Martienssen, Marion A1 - Ischebeck, Till A1 - Daniel, Rolf A1 - Commichau, Fabian M. T1 - Characterization of glyphosate-resistant Burkholderia anthina and Burkholderia cenocepacia isolates from a commercial Roundup® solution T2 - Environmental Microbiology Reports N2 - Roundup® is the brand name for herbicide solutions containing glyphosate, which specifically inhibits the 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase of the shikimate pathway. The inhibition of the EPSP synthase causes plant death because EPSP is required for biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. Glyphosate also inhibits the growth of archaea, bacteria, Apicomplexa, algae and fungi possessing an EPSP synthase. Here, we have characterized two glyphosate-resistant bacteria from a Roundup solution. Taxonomic classification revealed that the isolates 1CH1 and 2CH1 are Burkholderia anthina and Burkholderia cenocepacia strains respectively. Both isolates cannot utilize glyphosate as a source of phosphorus and synthesize glyphosate-sensitive EPSP synthase variants. Burkholderia. anthina 1CH1 and B. cenocepacia 2CH1 tolerate high levels of glyphosate because the herbicide is not taken up by the bacteria. Previously, it has been observed that the exposure of soil bacteria to herbicides like glyphosate promotes the development of antibiotic resistances. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that the only the B. cenocepacia 2CH1 isolate showed increased resistance to a variety of antibiotics. Thus, the adaptation of B. anthina 1CH1 and B. cenocepacia 2CH1 to glyphosate did not generally increase the antibiotic resistance of both bacteria. However, our study confirms the genomic adaptability of bacteria belonging to the genus Burkholderia. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.13022 SN - 1758-2229 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 70 EP - 84 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schwedt, Inge A1 - Collignon, Madeline A1 - Mittelstädt, Carolin A1 - Giudici, Florian A1 - Rapp, Johanna A1 - Meißner, Janek A1 - Link, Hannes A1 - Hertel, Robert A1 - Commichau, Fabian M. T1 - Genomic adaptation of Burkholderia anthina to glyphosate uncovers a novel herbicide resistance mechanism T2 - Environmental Microbiology Reports N2 - Glyphosate (GS) specifically inhibits the 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase that converts phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and shikimate-3-phosphate to EPSP in the shikimate pathway of bacteria and other organisms. The inhibition of the EPSP synthase depletes the cell of the EPSP-derived aromatic amino acids as well as of folate and quinones. A variety of mechanisms (e.g., EPSP synthase modification) has been described that confer GS resistance to bacteria. Here, we show that the Burkholderia anthina strain DSM 16086 quickly evolves GS resistance by the acquisition of mutations in the ppsR gene. ppsR codes for the pyruvate/ortho-Pi dikinase PpsR that physically interacts and regulates the activity of the PEP synthetase PpsA. The mutational inactivation of ppsR causes an increase in the cellular PEP concentration, thereby abolishing the inhibition of the EPSP synthase by GS that competes with PEP for binding to the enzyme. Since the overexpression of the Escherichia coli ppsA gene in Bacillus subtilis and E. coli did not increase GS resistance in these organisms, the mutational inactivation of the ppsR gene resulting in PpsA overactivity is a GS resistance mechanism that is probably unique to B. anthina. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.13184 SN - 1758-2229 VL - 15 IS - 6 SP - 727 EP - 739 ER -