TY - GEN A1 - Kundel, Dominika A1 - Meyer, Svenja A1 - Birkhofer, Herbert A1 - Fliessbach, Andreas A1 - Mäder, Paul A1 - Scheu, Stefan A1 - Kleunen, Mark van A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus T1 - Design and Manual to Construct Rainout-Shelters for Climate Change Experiments in Agroecosystems T2 - Frontiers in Environmental Science N2 - Climate change models predict reduced summer precipitations for most European countries, including more frequent and extreme summer droughts. Rainout-shelters which intercept part of the natural precipitation provide an effective tool to investigate effects of different precipitation levels on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In this study, we evaluate and describe in detail a fixed-location rainout-shelter (2.5 × 2.5 m) with partial interception of natural rainfall. We provide a complete parts list, a construction manual and detailed CAD drawings allowing to rebuild and use these shelters for rainfall manipulation studies. In addition, we describe a rainout-shelter control treatment giving the possibility to quantify and account for potential shelter artifacts. To test the rainout-shelters, we established the following three treatments each in eight winter wheat plots of the agricultural long-term farming system comparison trial DOK in Therwil (Switzerland): (1) A rainout-shelter with 65% interception of rainfall, (2) a rainout-shelter control without interception of rainfall, and (3) an ambient control. The rainout-shelter effectively excluded 64.9% of the ambient rainfall, which is very close to the a priori calculated exclusion of 65.1%. In comparison to the ambient control plots, gravimetric soil moisture decreased under the rainout-shelter by a maximum of 11.1 percentage points. Air temperature under the rainout-shelter differed little from the ambient control (−0.55°C in 1.2 m height and +0.19°C in 0.1 m height), whereas soil temperatures were slightly higher in periods of high ambient temperature (+1.02°C), but remained basically unaffected in periods of low ambient temperature (+0.14°C). A maximum edge effect of 0.75 m defined a sampling area of 1 × 1 m under the rainout-shelter. The rainout-shelters presented here, proved to sustain under heavy weather and they were well-suited to be used in agricultural fields where management operations require the removal of the rainout-shelters for management operations. Overall, the results confirmed the good performance of the presented rainout-shelters regarding rainout-shelter artifacts, predictable rain exclusion, and feasibility for experimental studies in agricultural fields. KW - rainout-shelter design, summer drought, climate change, precipitation, wheat, CAD drawings Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00014 SN - 2296-665X VL - 6 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Allan, Eric A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Bossdorf, Oliver A1 - Blüthgen, Nico A1 - Christ-Breulmann, Sabina A1 - Diekötter, Tim A1 - Dormann, Carsten F. A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Hallmann, Christine A1 - Hemp, Andreas A1 - Hölzel, Norbert A1 - Jung, Kirsten A1 - Klaus, Valentin H. A1 - Klein, Alexandra M. A1 - Kleinebecker, Till A1 - Lange, Markus A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Nacke, Heiko A1 - Prati, Daniel A1 - Renner, Swen C. A1 - Rothenwöhrer, Christoph A1 - Schall, Peter A1 - Schulze, Ernst-Detlef A1 - Socher, Stephanie A. A1 - Tscharntke, Teja A1 - Türke, Manfred A1 - Weiner, Christiane N. A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. A1 - Westphal, Catrin A1 - Wolters, Volkmar A1 - Wubet, Tesfaye A1 - Fischer, Markus T1 - Extensive und jährlich wechselnde Nutzungsintensität fördert den Artenreichtum im Grünland T2 - ANLIEGEN NATUR Y1 - 2016 UR - https://www.biom.uni-freiburg.de/mitarbeiter/dormann/boch2016anliegennatur.pdf SN - 1864-0729 VL - 38 IS - 1 SP - 86 EP - 95 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Neyret, Margot A1 - Le Provost, Gaëtane A1 - Boesing, Andrea Larissa A1 - Schneider, Florian D. A1 - Baulechner, Dennis A1 - Bergmann, Joana A1 - Vries, Franciska T. de A1 - Fiore-Donno, Anna Maria A1 - Geisen, Stefan A1 - Goldmann, Kezia A1 - Merges, Anna A1 - Saifutdinov, Ruslan A. A1 - Simons, Nadja K. A1 - Tobias, Joseph A. A1 - Zaitsev, Andrey S. A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Jung, Kirsten A1 - Kandeler, Ellen A1 - Krauss, Jochen A1 - Penone, Caterina A1 - Schloter, Michael A1 - Schulz, Stefanie A1 - Staab, Michael A1 - Wolters, Volkmar A1 - Apostolakis, Antonios A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Boeddinghaus, Runa S. A1 - Bolliger, Ralph A1 - Bonkowski, Michael A1 - Buscot, François A1 - Dumack, Kenneth A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Gan, Huei Ying A1 - Heinze, Johannes A1 - Hölzel, Norbert A1 - John, Katharina A1 - Klaus, Valentin H. A1 - Kleinebecker, Till A1 - Marhan, Sven A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Renner, Swen C. A1 - Rillig, Matthias C. A1 - Schenk, Noëlle V. A1 - Schöning, Ingo A1 - Schrumpf, Marion A1 - Seibold, Sebastian A1 - Socher, Stephanie A. A1 - Solly, Emily F. A1 - Teuscher, Miriam A1 - Kleunen, Mark van A1 - Wubet, Tesfaye A1 - Manning, Peter T1 - A slow-fast trait continuum at the whole community level in relation to land-use intensification T2 - Nature Communications N2 - AbstractOrganismal functional strategies form a continuum from slow- to fast-growing organisms, in response to common drivers such as resource availability and disturbance. However, whether there is synchronisation of these strategies at the entire community level is unclear. Here, we combine trait data for 2800 above- and belowground taxa from 14 trophic guilds spanning a disturbance and resource availability gradient in German grasslands. The results indicate that most guilds consistently respond to these drivers through both direct and trophically mediated effects, resulting in a ‘slow-fast’ axis at the level of the entire community. Using 15 indicators of carbon and nutrient fluxes, biomass production and decomposition, we also show that fast trait communities are associated with faster rates of ecosystem functioning. These findings demonstrate that ‘slow’ and ‘fast’ strategies can be manifested at the level of whole communities, opening new avenues of ecosystem-level functional classification. KW - General Physics and Astronomy KW - General Biochemistry KW - General Chemistry KW - Multidisciplinary KW - Genetics and Molecular Biology Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45113-5 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 15 IS - 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Lewinsohn, Thomas M. A1 - Kahl, Tiemo A1 - Grasstein, Fabrice A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Prati, Daniel A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Renner, Swen C. A1 - Sikorski, Johannes A1 - Wubet, Tesfaye T1 - Land-use intensification causes homogenization of grassland communities across trophic levels T2 - Nature N2 - Land-use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity loss. Alongside reductions in local species diversity, biotic homogenization at larger spatial scales is of great concern for conservation. Biotic homogenization means a decrease in β-diversity (the compositional dissimilarity between sites). Most studies have investigated losses in local (α)-diversity and neglected biodiversity loss at larger spatial scales. Studies addressing β-diversity have focused on single or a few organism groups (for example, ref. 4), and it is thus unknown whether land-use intensification homogenizes communities at different trophic levels, above- and belowground. Here we show that even moderate increases in local land-use intensity (LUI) cause biotic homogenization across microbial, plant and animal groups, both above- and belowground, and that this is largely independent of changes in α-diversity. We analysed a unique grassland biodiversity dataset, with abundances of more than 4,000 species belonging to 12 trophic groups. LUI, and, in particular, high mowing intensity, had consistent effects on β-diversity across groups, causing a homogenization of soil microbial, fungal pathogen, plant and arthropod communities. These effects were nonlinear and the strongest declines in β-diversity occurred in the transition from extensively managed to intermediate intensity grassland. LUI tended to reduce local α-diversity in aboveground groups, whereas the α-diversity increased in belowground groups. Correlations between the β-diversity of different groups, particularly between plants and their consumers, became weaker at high LUI. This suggests a loss of specialist species and is further evidence for biotic homogenization. The consistently negative effects of LUI on landscape-scale biodiversity underscore the high value of extensively managed grasslands for conserving multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem service provision. Indeed, biotic homogenization rather than local diversity loss could prove to be the most substantial consequence of land-use intensification. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20575 SN - 1476-4687 SN - 0028-0836 VL - 540 IS - 7632 SP - 266 EP - 269 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Arvidsson, Fredrik A1 - Jonsson, Lars J. A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus T1 - Geographic location, not forest type, affects the diversity of spider communities sampled with malaise traps in Sweden T2 - Annales Zoologici Fennici Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5735/086.053.0410 SN - 0003-455X SN - 1797-2450 VL - 53 IS - 3-4 SP - 215 EP - 227 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Styles, David A1 - Börjesson, Pål A1 - D'Hertefeldt, Tina A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Dauber, Jens A1 - Adams, Paul A1 - Patil, Sopan A1 - Pagella, Tim A1 - Petersson, Lars B. A1 - Peck, Philip A1 - Vaneeckhaute, Céline A1 - Rosenqvist, Håkan T1 - Climate regulation, energy provisioning and water purification: quantifying ecosystem service delivery of bioenergy willow grown on riparian buffer zones using life cycle assessment T2 - Ambio Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0790-9 SN - 0044-744 SN - 1654-7209 VL - 45 IS - 8 SP - 872 EP - 884 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ekroos, Johan A1 - Ödman, Anja M. A1 - Andersson, Georg K. S. A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Herbertsson, Lina A1 - Klatt, Björn B. A1 - Olsson, Ola A1 - Persson, Anna S. A1 - Prentice, Honor C. A1 - Rundlöf, Maj A1 - Smith, Henrik G. T1 - Sparing land for biodiversity at multiple spatial scales T2 - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2015.00145 SN - 2296-701X VL - 3 SP - 145 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mader, Viktoria A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Fiedler, Daniela A1 - Thorn, Simon A1 - Wolters, Volkmar A1 - Diehl, Eva T1 - Land-use at different spatial scales alters the functional role of web-building spiders in arthropod food webs T2 - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.12.017 SN - 0167-8809 VL - 219 SP - 152 EP - 162 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hanson, Helena I. A1 - Palmu, Erkki A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Smith, Henrik G. A1 - Hedlund, Katarina T1 - Agricultural land use determines the trait composition of ground beetle communities T2 - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146329 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - e0146329 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Soliveres, Santiago A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus T1 - Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality T2 - Philosophical Transactions B, Biological sciences Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0269 SN - 0080-4622 SN - 0962-8436 VL - 371 IS - 1694 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Birkhofer, Klaus A1 - Diekötter, Tim A1 - Meub, Christiane A1 - Stötzel, Kathrin A1 - Wolters, Volkmar T1 - Optimizing arthropod predator conservation in permanent grasslands by considering diversity components beyond species richness T2 - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.05.014 SN - 0167-8809 VL - 211 SP - 65 EP - 72 ER -