TY - BOOK A1 - Lucke, Bernhard T1 - Demise of the Decapolis : past and present desertification in the context of soil development, land use, and climate Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-3-639-00613-1 PB - VDM Verlag Dr. Müller CY - Saarbrücken ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Bäumler, Rupert T1 - Desertification in Jordan in the Light of Paleosols and Past Environmental Change Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Schmidt, Michael A1 - Al-Saad, Ziad A1 - Bäumler, Rupert ED - Hermon, Ella T1 - Water Systems of the Decapolis (Northern Jordan) and their Relation to the Landscape during the Hellenistic and Roman Periods T2 - L'eau comme patrimoine : de la Méditerranée à l'Amérique du Nord Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-2-7637-8538-7 SP - 223 EP - 236 PB - Presses de l'Univ. Laval CY - Quebec ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Al-Saad, Ziad A1 - Schmidt, Michael A1 - Bäumler, Rupert A1 - Lorenz, S.-O. A1 - Udluft, P. A1 - Heußner, Karl-Uwe A1 - Walker, B. T1 - Soils and Land Use in the Decapolis Region (Northern Jordan). Implications for Landscape Development and the Impact of Climate Change Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lucke, Bernhard T1 - Wasser oder Boden - welches war der Schlüssel für die Blüte der Dekapolis-Region? T2 - Cura aquarum in Jordanien, proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the History of Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering in the Mediterranean Region, Petra, Amman, 31 March - 09 April 2007 N2 - Beiträge des 11. Internationalen Symposiums zur Geschichte der Wasserwirtschaft und des Wasserbaus im Mediterranen Raum, Petra/Amman 31. März - 9 April 2007 Y1 - 2008 SP - 177 EP - 188 PB - Books on Demand GmbH CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Nikolskii, Iourii A1 - Helbron, Hendrike A1 - Palekhov, Dmitry ED - Issar, Aryē S. T1 - Progressive Development and Strategic Environmental Assessment T2 - Progressive development : to mitigate the negative impact of global warming on the semi-arid regions N2 - The book is based on the results of the investigations of the authors in the semi-arid and arid regions (ASAR) of the globe. These investigations brought to the conclusion that the warming climate will cause the drying up of the water resources in these regions. In this case the principles of Sustainable Development will not be able to avert forthcoming catastrophes. These conclusions brought to the compilation of the policy of "Progressive Development", emphasising investment in the development of new water resources and changing the natural environments while advancing the local populations on the dimension of knowledge by education. KW - Arid and Semi Arid Regions KW - Climate Change KW - Drylands KW - Progressive Development KW - Sustainable Development Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-642-10639-2 SP - 87 EP - 133 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - THES A1 - Lucke, Bernhard T1 - Demise of the Decapolis : past and present desertification in the context of soil development, land use, and climate N2 - Desertification is seen as a severe threat to Mediterranean ecosystems and the desert fringes. Both land use and climate variations may lead to an advance of the desert, and human and natural factors can be connected in feedback relationships. This makes it difficult to describe cause-and-effect relationships, and to predict the impact of global warming. A key is understanding historic desertification, since the investigation of the past allows to better separate the roles of man and weather. These questions were investigated in the Decapolis region in northern Jordan, an area in the transition zone between the Arabian desert and the Mediterranean climate belt. It had been assumed that historic desertification in the Decapolis was connected with severe degradation of soils, and caused by agricultural mismanagement and deforestation. This idea served as explanation for economic decay and abandonment of cities, too. However, the greatest part of the erosion took place during the last Ice Age and the Younger Dryas. There is no indication that the inanimate landscape changed significantly since the Bronze Age. Historic field systems were partially preserved and seem reflected by distinct soil development, indicating that the impact of land use was more complex and less devastating than previously assumed. Historic human impacts on the natural environment seem limited, and certainly not connected with desertification. Romantic northern European misconceptions of how a "natural" landscape should look like may in this context have contributed to a negative assessment of traditional agriculture in the Mediterranean. Comparative analyses of soils and colluvia, air photos, historic travel reports, tree rings and climate reconstructions indicate that population growth was behind the flourishing of the Decapolis, which took place mostly under favourably stable climatic conditions. Periods of decline seem triggered by climatic anomalies. As it seems, climate change was previously understood too linearly: extreme rainfall events can be more devastating than drought, and temperature, wind and rainfall distribution over the year are important as well. Cool and dry periods at the end of the last Ice Age were connected with incision and sometimes dramatic erosion. Climatic fluctuations during history may have been connected with pests, famines, plagues, and wars which caused dramatic drops of population levels. The ecological sensitivity of the desert belt may have aggravated the impact of climate variations. Economic recovery took place only when population levels rose again. It is so far unknown how climate will develop under global warming, but an increasing number of anomalous events could have dramatic impacts. The key for dealing with global warming seems therefore adaptation to climatic irregularities. KW - Archaeology; Climate; Desertification; Land use; Soil Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-3431 PB - BTU Cottbus CY - Cottbus ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Nikolskii, Iourii A1 - Helbron, Hendrike A1 - Palekhov, Dmitry ED - Issar, Aryē S. T1 - Some Examples of Development in the Desert Belts T2 - Progressive Development : To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Regions N2 - Most semi-arid regions face strong population growth. For example, with the actual growth rate in Jordan, population doubles every 25 years. Many countries in the desert belt experienced rapid modernisation during the last 50 years. Taking Jordan again as an example, modern western life styles are spreading quickly. They co-exist with traditional herding and farming in the rural areas, but urbanization is rapidly expanding. Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-642-10639-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10640-8_13 SP - 89 EP - 91 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Nikolskii, Iourii A1 - Helbron, Hendrike A1 - Palekhov, Dmitry ED - Issar, Aryē S. T1 - Sustainability in the Desert? T2 - Progressive Development : To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Regions N2 - According to the definition of sustainability, the achievements of past civilizations, e.g. the floodwater farming near the site of Umm el-Jimal, were sustainable since they did not rely on non-renewable resources. But they did not allow continuous settlement from antiquity until today. It is often assumed that breaks in settlement history were due to over-exploitation of the environment, e.g. overgrazing and soil erosion. Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-642-10639-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10640-8_14 SP - 93 EP - 94 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Nikolskii, Iourii A1 - Helbron, Hendrike A1 - Palekhov, Dmitry ED - Issar, Aryē S. T1 - The Potential of Progressive Development T2 - Progressive Development : To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Regions N2 - The overview of developments in the desert makes clear that Progressive Development is already implemented is many areas, although it is not acknowledged as such and a coordinating master plan is missing. International plans would be very desirable, since water is a transboundary issue. For example, exploitation of the Disi aquifer led to conflict between Jordan and Saudi Arabia [1]. Jordan, Syria, Israel and Palestine share the Yarmouk River as the primary freshwater resource, which is a very sensitive political issue. Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-642-10639-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10640-8_15 SP - 95 EP - 96 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Nikolskii, Iourii A1 - Helbron, Hendrike A1 - Palekhov, Dmitry T1 - The Feasibility of Progressive Development T2 - Progressive Development : To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Regions N2 - It is a deeply entrenched belief that historic land use led to land degradation in the desert belts. Supposedly, overgrazing and farming caused erosion, and irrigation led to salinization. Considering the gaps in settlement history, mismanagement is considered a prime reason for abandonment [1–3]. If this is so, Progressive Development might be doomed to fail, because the soils are already degraded and will inevitably degrade further. Climate variations, however, can also lead to degradation, and might have caused the fluctuations of settlement history. The correct assessment of the past will be most important for evaluating the impact of Progressive Development. This and the geographic law of soil zonality allow predicting how soils and the environment will develop under irrigation and permanent vegetation. Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-642-10639-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10640-8_16 SP - 97 EP - 101 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nikolskii, Iourii A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Helbron, Hendrike A1 - Palekhov, Dmitry ED - Issar, Aryē S. T1 - The Socio-Economic Framework: What Can be Learned from Earlier Failures? T2 - Progressive Development : To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Regions N2 - Large-scale irrigation projects are theoretically beneficial; however there are examples of outstanding failures which partly led to ecological catastrophes. We think that irrigation per se does not necessarily lead to land degradation. Even in the famous case of the Mesopotamian plains, the idea that ancient Sumerian irrigation caused irreversible salinization [1] is far less evident than often assumed in the public discussion[2]. Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-642-10639-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10640-8_18 SP - 115 EP - 117 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Nikolskii, Iourii A1 - Helbron, Hendrike A1 - Palekhov, Dmitry ED - Issar, Aryē S. T1 - Discussion and Conclusion T2 - Progressive Development : To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Regions N2 - The current discussion of “sustainability” focuses on aspects of conserving the environmental status quo. However, the environmental history of the desert belts is characterized by strong environmental fluctuations, and modern technology started to irreversibly change societies living in arid regions, initiating a growth which long since crossed the limits that could be supported by renewable resources. Due to these conditions, it seems unlikely that “sustainability” in the conservative meaning of preserving the status quo will be feasible in the desert belts. In fact, Progressive Development is already implemented, though not recognised as such and without coordinating master plans. Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-642-10639-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10640-8_20 SP - 131 EP - 133 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Schmidt, Michael T1 - Past and present desertification in the context of climate change – a case study from Jordan T2 - Forum der Forschung Y1 - 2007 SN - 0947-6989 IS - 20 SP - 85 EP - 88 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Schmidt, Michael A1 - Al-Saad, Ziad A1 - Bäumler, Rupert ED - Hermon, Ella T1 - Water Systems of the Decapolis (Northern Jordan) and their Relation to the Landscape during the Hellenistic and Roman Periods T2 - L'eau comme patrimoine : de la Méditerranée à l'Amérique du Nord Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-2-7637-8538-7 N1 - Contributions en français et en anglais présentées au colloque international "La gestion intégrée de l'eau dans l'histoire environnementale : savoirs traditionnels et pratiques modernes", organisé à l'Université Laval du 27 au 29 octobre 2006 SP - 275 EP - 279 PB - Les Presses de l'Université Laval CY - Québec ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Schmidt, Michael A1 - Bäumler, Rupert T1 - Böden, Sedimente und Paläoböden als Archive der Auswirkungen von Klimaveränderungen T2 - 5. Marktredwitzer Bodenschutztage – Boden und Klima im Wandel Y1 - 2008 SP - 60 EP - 65 PB - Stadt Marktredwitz CY - Marktredwitz ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Schmidt, Michael A1 - Bäumler, Rupert ED - Gabriels, Donald ED - Cornelis, Wim M. ED - Eyletters, Murielle ED - Hollebosch, Patrick T1 - Desertification in Jordan in the Light of Paleosols and Past Environmental Change T2 - Combating Desertification : Assessment, Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies Y1 - 2008 UR - http://diplomatie.belgium.be/nl/binaries/combating_desertification_tcm314-72581.pdf#page=73 SN - 978-90-5989-271-2 SP - 64 EP - 73 PB - UNESCO Chair of Eremology [u.a.] CY - Ghent ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Shunnaq, Mohammed A1 - Walker, Bethany A1 - Shiyab, Atef A1 - Muḥaysin, Zaydūn A1 - al-Sababha, Hussein A1 - Bäumler, Rupert A1 - Schmidt, Michael T1 - Questioning Transjordan’s Historic Desertification: A Critical Review of the Paradigm of ‘Empty Lands’ T2 - Levant KW - climate change ; land degradation ; overgrazing ; abandonment ; Mystery Veil ; Abila of the Decapolis Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1179/175638012X13285409187955 VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 101 EP - 126 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Shunnaq, Mohammed A1 - Walker, Bethany A1 - Bäumler, Rupert A1 - Schmidt, Michael ED - Tinapp, Christian ED - Zielhofer, Christoph T1 - Climate and landscape change in 6th century Jordan T2 - Bodenarchive im geoarchäologischen Kontext, Book of abstracts, joint meeting of working group Geoarchaeology and working group Paleopedology in Leipzig, 17. – 20.05.2012 Y1 - 2012 SP - S. 29 PB - zimodruck CY - Leipzig ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Kemnitz, Helga A1 - Bäumler, Rupert A1 - Schmidt, Michael T1 - Red Mediterranean Soils in Jordan: New insights in their origin, genesis, and role as environmental archives T2 - Catena KW - Red Mediterranean Soil; Terra Rossa; Paleosol; Residue; Aeolian deposition; Isovolumetric replacement Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2013.04.006 VL - 112 SP - 4 EP - 24 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Schmidt, Michael A1 - Al-Saad, Ziad A1 - Bäumler, Rupert T1 - The Decapolis Region (Northern Jordan) as historical example of desertification. Mutual dependencies of land use, climate, soil genesis and settlement history T2 - Extended abstract, first joint meeting of IGCP 490 and ICSU Y1 - 2004 UR - http://atlas-conferences.com/c/a/m/u/06.htm ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lucke, Bernhard A1 - Schmidt, Michael A1 - Bäumler, Rupert A1 - Al-Saad, Ziad T1 - Die Dekapolis-Region (Nordjordanien) als Beispiel für historische Desertifikation? T2 - Mitteilungen der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft Y1 - 2005 VL - 107 IS - 1 SP - 379 EP - 380 ER -