TY - GEN A1 - Oyegbile, Benjamin A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Narra, Satyanarayana T1 - Optimization of Physicochemical Process for Pre-treatment of Suspension by Flocculation Prior to Dewatering T2 - Desalination and water treatment Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1043591 SN - 1944-3986 N1 - Presented at the International Congress on Water, Waste and Energy Management 16–18 July 2014, Porto, Portugal VL - 57 IS - 6 SP - 2726 EP - 2736 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Narra, Satyanarayana A1 - Gruhn, M. A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Production of carbon fibres from technical lignin granules T2 - 21st European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Copenhagen, Denmark, 3 - 7 June 2013 Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2139.0886 PB - ETA-Florence Renewable Energies ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Narra, Satyanarayana A1 - Aslanjan, Jana A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Macroencapsulation of biogas residues increasing the fertilizer efficiency T2 - 21st European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Copenhagen, Denmark, 3 - 7 June 2013 Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3187.6642 PB - ETA-Florence Renewable Energies ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Narra, Satyanarayana A1 - Logsch, Florian A1 - Glaser, Claudia A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Sludge-pelleting of paper and pulp residues T2 - XXVI International Mineral Processing Congress - IMPC 2012, New Delhi, India, September 24 - 28, 2012 Y1 - 2012 SN - 81-901714-3-7 SP - 03723 EP - 03739 CY - New Dehli ER - TY - PAT A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Glaser, Claudia A1 - Hildebrandt, Sven A1 - Müller-Fehn, Siegfried T1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von kugelförmigen Fasermengen N2 - Hauptanspruch: Verfahren zur Herstellung von kugelförmigen Gebilden aus Fasern, - indem das Fasermaterial portioniert wird, - die portionierte Menge von Fasern in einem horizontal und vertikal begrenzten kreisförmig ausgebildeten Rollraum auf einem konstanten Umlaufradius einem Rollprozess unterzogen wird, der durch unterschiedliche Relativbewegungen zueinander erzeugende Rotationen einzelner ebener kreisförmiger Bauteile charakterisiert ist und - nach Erreichen einer im Wesentlichen allseitig nahezu runden Form der portionierten Menge von Fasern diese als Rollagglomerat aus dem Rollprozess ausgetragen wird. KW - Naturfasern, Rollagglomeration, Rollagglomerationsverfahren Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Perwin, Jörg A1 - Gusovius, Hans-Jörg A1 - Hildebrandt, Sven T1 - Method and device for the continuous production of fiber agglomerate N2 - The invention relates to a method and device for the continuous production of fiber agglomerates by rolling agglomeration. For the production of an agglomerate, a portion of the fiber material is introduced into a ring-shape roller table which closed on all sides except for an input opening an an output opening. The fiber material portion introduced into the roller table is transported through the roller table by means of a relative movement of two surfaces of the roller table toward each other, the surfaces lying opposite each other. The fiber material is compressed in the roller table and finally discharged from an output opening of the roller table as fiber agglomerate. According to the invitation, the portioning of the fiber material is carried out by the pulling of an amount of fibers out of a stock of corresponding fiber materials is provided on a supply table for each input opening of a roller table, and portions are continously pulled out of said stock by the repeated movement through the sock of carrier means of a pulling device designed therefor and released into the roller table. KW - roller table, rollagglomeration, fiber agglomeration Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Gusovius, Hans-Jörg A1 - Hildebrandt, Sven T1 - Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Herstellung von pelletartigen Körpern aus ungebundenen Fasern KW - Faserpelletierung Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Narra, Satyanarayana A1 - Glaser, Claudia T1 - Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Agglomeraten N2 - Die Erfindung betrifft eine Rollagglomerations-Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Agglomeraten aus einem Feststoff-Füssigkeitsgemisch. Die Vorrichtung weist ein Transportmittel zum Transport eines Feststoff-Flüssigkeitsgemisches in Richtung der Längsachse des Transportmittles und ein Pressmittel auf, welches so zum Transportmittel beabstandet angeordnet ist, dass ein Pressmittel auf das auf der Auflagefläche des Transportmittels befindlichen Feststoff-Flüssigkeitsgemisches einen Druck ausüben kann, wobei das Transportmittle oder das Pressmittel quer zur Längsachse des Transportmittels bewegbar sind. KW - Feststoff-Flüssigkeitsgemisch, Rollagglomerations-Vorrichtung, Rollagglomeration, Entwässerung, Agglomeratbildung, Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Narra, Satyanarayana A1 - Glaser, Claudia A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Langzeitdünger aus Gärresten mittels Verkapselung N2 - Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dünger aus Gärresten, wobei die Inhaltsstoffe aus den enthaltenen Zubereitungen lang anhaltend freigesetzt werden. KW - Gärreste, Langzeitdünger, Verkapselung, Agglomerate, Aufbauagglomeration Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Narra, Satyanarayana A1 - Glaser, Claudia A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Logsch, Florian T1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von wasserunlöslichen Lignin-Agglomeraten N2 - Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von wasserunlöslichen Agglomeraten aus Ablauge eines Cellulosegewinnungsprozesses. Erfindungsgemäß umfasst das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte: 1. Durchführung einer Granulation mit der Ablauge zur Erzeugung von Lignin-Agglomeraten und 2. Behandeln der erzeugten Lignin-Agglomerate mit einer Säure. KW - Sprühgranulation Lignin-Agglomerate, Agglomeration von Ligninen Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hildebrandt, Sven A1 - Peter, Ay T1 - Rollagglomeration und Wickelverfahren - Durchbruch in der Langfaseraufbereitung nachwachsender Rohstoffe T2 - Forum der Forschung KW - Faseraufbereitung, Agglomeration, Bastfasern Y1 - 2004 SN - 0947-6989 VL - 8 IS - 17 SP - 106 EP - 111 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stollberg, Christian A1 - Pempel, Harry A1 - Gärtig, T. A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Automatische Sortierung und mögliche Wege der Wiederverwertung von Kunststoffen aus dem Altfahrzeugbereich T2 - Integrative Strategien für eine nachhaltige Abfallwirtschaft : Auswirkungen der EU-Politik auf Baden-Württemberg KW - Altfahrzeuge KW - Kunststoffrecycling Y1 - 2004 SN - 3-486-63063-6 SP - 40 EP - 44 PB - Oldenbourg-Industrieverlag CY - Essen [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gaydardzhiev, Stoyan A1 - Ay, Peter ED - Pratsinis, Sotiris E. T1 - Implication of surface charge effects in colour removal from effluents by chemical coagulation in the case of CI Reactive Blue dye T2 - Partec 2004, proceedings, Nürnberg, Germany 16 - 18 march 2004, International Congress for Particle Technology KW - Flocculation Y1 - 2004 PB - NürnbergMesse-GmbH CY - Nürnberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Walaszek, Wiktoria A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Pelleting flocculation - an alternitive technique to optimise sludge conditioning T2 - International journal of mineral processing KW - pelleting flocculation Y1 - 2005 VL - 76 IS - 3 SP - 173 EP - 180 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hildebrandt, Sven A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Gusovius, Hans-Jörg T1 - Ersatz von Glasfasern T2 - KunststoffMagazin KW - Naturfasern Y1 - 2004 IS - 9 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stollberg, Christian A1 - Pempel, Harry A1 - Schwabe, M. A1 - Peter, Ay T1 - Automatische Sortierung und Möglichkeiten der Verwertung von Kunststoffen aus dem Altfahrzeugbereich T2 - TECHNOMER 2005, 19. Fachtagung über Verarbeitung und Anwendung von Polymeren, 10. - 12. November 2005, Chemnitz KW - Kunststoffrecycling Y1 - 2005 PB - Techn. Univ. CY - Chemnitz ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stollberg, Christian A1 - Pempel, Harry A1 - Schwabe, M. A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Qualitätssicherung bei der automatischen Rückgewinnung von Kunststoffen aus komplexen automobilen Anwendungen T2 - TECHNOMER 2005, 19. Fachtagung über Verarbeitung und Anwendung von Polymeren, 10. - 12. November 2005, Chemnitz KW - Kunststoffrecycling aus Alt-KFZ Y1 - 2005 PB - Techn. Univ. CY - Chemnitz ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Gaydardzhiev, Stoyan T1 - Surface charge studies - an important approach for investigation of color removal from textile waste water by chemical coagulation T2 - International seminar on mineral proceesing technology (MPT-2004), 19 - 21 February 2004 KW - coulor removal Y1 - 2003 SN - 81-7764-599-4 SP - 741 EP - 748 PB - Allied Publishers CY - New Delhi [u.a.] ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Glaser, Claudia T1 - Aufbereitung von Fettsäuregemischen aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen T2 - Forum der Forschung KW - Schmelzkristallisation Y1 - 2003 SN - 0947-6989 VL - 7 IS - 16 SP - 135 EP - 142 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Gusovius, Hans-Jörg A1 - Pecenka, Ralf A1 - Fürll, Christian T1 - Aufbereitung und Nutzung von Faserpflanzen T2 - Forum der Forschung KW - Naturfasern Y1 - 2003 SN - 0947-6989 VL - 7 IS - 16 SP - 143 EP - 148 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hildebrandt, Sven A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Gusovius, Hans-Jörg A1 - Glaser, Claudia A1 - Stollberg, Christian T1 - Possibilities and working of the specific agglomeration of fibrous materials and residues T2 - XXV International Mineral Processing Congress, IMPC 2010, Brisbane, Australia 6-10 September 2010 KW - Agglomeration fibrous material Y1 - 2010 PB - AusIMM CY - Carlton South, Australia ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Narra, Satyanarayana A1 - Glaser, Claudia A1 - Brinker, Mona A1 - Bednarek, R. A1 - Gusovius, Hans-Jörg A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Vergleich verschiedener Bildanalysesysteme zur Bestimmung der Partikelgrößenverteilung von zerkleinertem Stroh und deren charakteristischer Einfluss auf Stabilität und Festigkeit von Biomassepellets T2 - Aufbereitung und Recycling, 10. und 11. November 2010, Freiberg, Jahrestagung der UVR e.V. und FIA e.v. KW - Partikelgrößenverteilungen von Stroh Y1 - 2010 SP - S. 35 CY - Freiberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stollberg, Christian A1 - Peda, Stefan A1 - Smieszek, Marlene A1 - Gerath, H. A1 - Jurischka, Constantin A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - New Downstream approaches for highly pure substances and bio fine chemicals from plant materials T2 - Agricultural Engineering : Research papers KW - bio fine chemicals Y1 - 2011 SN - 1392-1134 N1 - International scientific conference, Agriculture and Environment 2011, Kaunoraj, Litauen VL - 43 IS - 3 SP - 58 EP - 66 ER - TY - PAT A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Narra, Satyanarayana A1 - Glaser, Claudia T1 - System zur Rollagglomeration mit integrierter Entwässerung KW - Rollagglomeration Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Behnsen, Petra A1 - Schimke, Barbara T1 - Denitrifikation von belastetem Grund- und Trinkwasser in mit Mikroorganismen immobilisierten speziell strukturierten Filterelementen T2 - Chemie - Ingenieur - Technik KW - Denitrifikation Y1 - 1996 SN - 1522-2640 VL - 68 IS - 7 SP - 812 EP - 815 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Besra, Laxmidhar A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Flocculation and dewatering of kaolin suspensions with the help of a combination of polymeric flocculants and surface active substances T2 - Forum der Forschung KW - Flocculation Y1 - 1999 SN - 0947-6989 VL - 4 IS - 9 SP - 68 EP - 74 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nagel, Manfred A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Characterization of floc structure using cluster analysis T2 - Particle and Particle Systems Characterization KW - cluster analysis Y1 - 1999 SN - 1521-4117 VL - 16 IS - 5 SP - 229 EP - 237 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gaydardzhiev, Stoyan A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Evaluation of dispersant efficiencfor aqueous alumina slurries by concurrent rechniques T2 - Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology KW - alumina slurries Y1 - 2006 SN - 1532-2351 SN - 0193-2691 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 413 EP - 417 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Walaszek, Wiktoria A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Porosity and interior structure analysis of pellet flocs T2 - Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects KW - pellet flocs Y1 - 2006 SN - 0927-7757 VL - 280 IS - 1-3 SP - 155 EP - 162 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Walaszek, Wiktoria A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Extended interpretation of structured attributes of pellet-flocs in pelleting flocculation T2 - Minerals Engineering KW - pelleting flocculation Y1 - 2006 SN - 0892-6875 VL - 19 IS - 13 SP - 1397 EP - 1400 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gaydardzhiev, Stoyan A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Characterisation of aqueous suspensions of fumed aluminium oxide in presence of two Dolapix dispersants T2 - Journal of Materials Science KW - coulor removal Y1 - 2006 SN - 0022-2461 SN - 1573-4803 VL - 41 IS - 16 SP - 5257 EP - 5262 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kamm, Birgit A1 - Schneider, Bernd Uwe A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. A1 - Grünewald, Holger A1 - Gusovius, Hans-Jörg A1 - Stollberg, Christian A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Kamm, Michael T1 - Lignocellulosic feedstock biorefinery - combination of technologies of agroforestry and a biobased substance an energy economy T2 - Forum der Forschung KW - biorefinery Y1 - 2006 SN - 0947-6989 IS - 19 SP - 53 EP - 62 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gaydardzhiev, Stoyan A1 - Gusovius, Hans-Jörg A1 - Wilker, Viola A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Gel-casted porous Al2O3 ceramics by use of natural fibres as pore developers T2 - Journal of Porous Materials KW - Gel-casting Y1 - 2008 SN - 1573-4854 SN - 1380-2224 VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 475 EP - 480 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Narra, Satyanarayana A1 - Glaser, Claudia A1 - Gusovius, Hans-Jörg A1 - Stollberg, Christian A1 - Ay, Peter ED - Zaikov, Gennadij E. T1 - Agricultural residues as a renewable source of bio-Energy with special focus on cereal straws T2 - Renewable resources and biotechnology for material applications, proceeding of the 16th International Conference for Renewable Resources and Plant Biotechnology (NAROSSA 2010), held in Magdeburg, Germany, June 7 - 8, 2010 KW - Agriculture residues Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-1-61209-521-9 SP - 67 EP - 80 PB - Nova Science Publ. CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Narra, Satyanarayana A1 - Göttling, Sandra A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Agglomeration of Lignin slugde as a technological innovative conversion for producing energy T2 - Extended abstracts, 1st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 - 8, 2010, Convention Center Karlsruhe/Germany KW - Agglomeration Lignin sludge Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-89746-117-8 PB - DECHEMA CY - Frankfurt, M. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hildebrandt, Sven A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Gusovius, Hans-Jörg T1 - Möglichkeiten und Wirkprinzipien der angepassten Agglomeration von Naturfasern für den Einsatz in naturfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen T2 - Internationales Symposium "Werkstoffe aus Nachwachsenden Rohstoffen", 01. + 02. September 2005, Messe Erfurt, Tagungsband KW - naturfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe Y1 - 2005 PB - Gesellschaft für Messe- und Veranstaltungsmanagement CY - Erfurt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hildebrandt, Sven A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Gusovius, Hans-Jörg T1 - Erweiterte Einsatzmöglichkeiten für neuartige Faseragglomerate T2 - Internationales Symposium "Werkstoffe aus Nachwachsenden Rohstoffen", 01. + 02. September 2005, Messe Erfurt, Tagungsband KW - Faseragglomerate Y1 - 2005 PB - Gesellschaft für Messe- und Veranstaltungsmanagement CY - Erfurt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hildebrandt, Sven A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Gusovius, Hans-Jörg T1 - Neuartige Verfahren zur angepassten Agglomeration von Naturfasern für den Einsatz in Verbundwerkstoffen T2 - TECHNOMER 2005, 19. Fachtagung über Verarbeitung und Anwendung von Polymeren, 10. - 12. November 2005, Chemnitz KW - Faseragglomaration Y1 - 2005 PB - Techn. Univ. CY - Chemnitz ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Klein, Robert A1 - Stollberg, Christian A1 - Markowski, Jens A1 - Willscher, S. A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Recovery of metals from circuit boards with biodissolution T2 - 10th Conference on Environment and Mineral Processing, 22.6.-24.6.2006, VB-TU Ostrava, Czech Republic KW - biodissolution Y1 - 2006 PB - Technical University of Ostrava CY - Ostrava ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gaydardzhiev, Stoyan A1 - Ay, Peter ED - Önal, Güven T1 - Characterization of stability behaviour of ultra fine alumina powder in view its colloidal processing by gel-casting T2 - Proceedings of the XXIII International Mineral Processing Congress, Istanbul, Turkey 3-8 September 2006, Vol. 1 KW - Gel-casting Y1 - 2006 SN - 975-7946-28-1 SP - 464 EP - 467 PB - Promed Advertising Agency CY - Istanbul ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Walaszek, Wiktoria A1 - Ay, Peter ED - Önal, Güven T1 - Pelleting flocculation as a tool to optimize slugde conditioning T2 - Proceedings of the XXIII International Mineral Processing Congress,Istanbul, Turkey 3-8 September 2006, Vol. 2 KW - pelleting flocculation Y1 - 2006 SN - 975-7946-29-X SP - 1631 EP - 1636 PB - Promed Advertising Agency CY - Istanbul ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Klein, Robert A1 - Stollberg, Christian A1 - Markowski, Jens A1 - Willscher, S. A1 - Ay, Peter ED - Önal, Güven T1 - Biodissolution for recovery of precious metals from electronic scrap T2 - Proceedings of the XXIII International Mineral Processing Congress, Istanbul, Turkey 3-8 September 2006, Vol. 2 KW - biodissolution Y1 - 2006 SN - 975-7946-29-X SP - 1557 EP - 1560 PB - Promed Advertising Agency CY - Istanbul ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gusovius, Hans-Jörg A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Schmid, Hubert A1 - Müssig, Jörg ED - Önal, Güven T1 - New quantitative image analysis method for the characterization of mineral and fibrous materials T2 - Proceedings of the XXIII International Mineral Processing Congress, Istanbul, Turkey 3-8 September 2006, Vol. 1 KW - Fibre shape Y1 - 2006 SN - 975-7946-28-1 SP - 229 EP - 234 PB - Promed Advertising Agency CY - Istanbul ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gaydardzhiev, Stoyan A1 - Karthikeyan, J. A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Progression of surface charge and floc charakterization during colour removal from solution by coagulation T2 - Environmental Technology KW - coulor removal Y1 - 2006 SN - 1479-487X VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 193 EP - 199 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Singh, Bimal P. A1 - Gaydardzhiev, Stoyan A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Stabilization of aqueous silicon nitride suspension with Dolapix A 88 T2 - Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology KW - Flocculation Y1 - 2006 SN - 1532-2351 SN - 0193-2691 VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 91 EP - 97 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nagel, Manfred A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Verbesserung der Entwässerungseigenschaften von Schlämmen durch den gezielten Aufbau von Flockenstrukturen auf der Basis detaillierter morphologischer Analysen T2 - Verfahrenstechnik der Abwasser- und Schlammbehandlung additive und prozeßintegrierte Maßnahmen, 4. GVC-Abwasser-Kongreß 1999, 6. - 8. September 1999, Congress Centrum Bremen, Preprints, Bd. 2 KW - Schlammentwässerung Y1 - 1999 SN - 3-9805032-7-5 SP - 887 EP - 892 PB - Fuck CY - Koblenz ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nagel, Manfred A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Three-dimensional Reconstruction of flocs growth history T2 - Product engineering & chemical engineering now, proceedings of 2nd European Congress of Chemical Engineering (ECCE 2), 5 - 7 October 1999, Monpellier, France KW - Floc growth history Y1 - 1999 SN - 2-910239-00-4 SP - 361 EP - 368 PB - Technique et Documentation-Lavoisier CY - Cachan, France ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alter, Marcus Daniel A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Aufbereitung von Textilabwässern am Beispiel der Entfärbung von Azofarbstoffen mittels Trägerbiologie T2 - Forum der Forschung KW - Azofarbstoffe Y1 - 2000 SN - 0947-6989 VL - 5 IS - 11 SP - 145 EP - 151 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bähr, Susanne A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Konditionierung und Enwässerung von industriellen und kommunalen Schlämmen durch Pelletierungsflockung T2 - Forum der Forschung KW - Pelletierungsflockung Y1 - 2000 SN - 0947-6989 VL - 5 IS - 11 SP - 139 EP - 144 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Nagel, Manfred T1 - A new concept for the process design of flocculation process T2 - Proceedings of the XXI International Mineral Processing Congress, Rome, Italy, July 23 - 27, 2000 KW - Flocculation Y1 - 2000 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nagel, Manfred A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Mathematical Desciption of the Morphological genesis of flocs, Cluster analysis of flocs T2 - PARTEC 2001, International Congress for Particle Technology, Nürnberg, Germany, 27-29 March 2001 KW - cluster analysis Y1 - 2001 N1 - CD-ROM CY - Nürnberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bähr, Susanne A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Pelleting flocculation in a rotary drum reactor T2 - PARTEC 2001, International Congress for Particle Technology, Nuremberg, Germany, 27-29 March 2001 KW - Flocculation Y1 - 2001 PB - Nürnberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stollberg, Christian A1 - Schmidt, M. A1 - Namango, Saul A1 - Pohl, R. A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Conditioning, Identification and Automatic Sorting of Plastic Automotive Parts for Productive Recycling T2 - International Automobile Recycling Congress, IARC 2002, Geneva, Switzerland, March 13 - 15, 2002, proceedings KW - automobile recycling Y1 - 2002 PB - ICM AG CY - Muri ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Gaydardzhiev, Stoyan T1 - Removal of dyes from effluents by chemical coagulation: Surface charge and particle size aspects T2 - Mineral Processing in the 21st Century, proceedings of the X Balkan Mineral Processing Congress, Varna, Bulgaria, June 15-20, 2003 KW - coulor removal Y1 - 2003 CY - Sofia ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stollberg, Christian A1 - Namango, Saul A1 - Schmidt, M. A1 - Pohl, R. A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Preparation of plastics for automatic identification as the first step in recycling of automotive parts T2 - Proceedings of the XXII International Mineral Processing Congress, Cape Town, South Africa, 29 September - 3 October 2003 KW - automobile recycling Y1 - 2003 PB - South African Institute of Mining & Meta CY - Marshalltown, South Africa ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dasgupta, Sunanda A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Kommolk, Ralf A1 - Su, Xu T1 - Kinetics of Melt Crystallization of a Sunflower Oil-Based Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Mixture T2 - Chemical Engineering & Technology N2 - Important parameters like supercooling and cooling rates affecting the melt crys- tallization of a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) mixture obtained from sun- flower oil were investigated and compared via high-resolution polarized-light mi- croscopy. PUFA was thermally characterized in a differential scanning calorimeter and the significant liquid-solid-phase transition temperatures determined were then implemented in the development of specific temperature profiles. Analyzed between two glass slides, induction times were found to decrease with low crystal- lization temperatures and the number of nuclei per unit area increased with high- er supercooling and cooling rates. A comparison between the linear crystal growth rates of pure standards of each of the main fatty acids present in the PUFA mixture and the PUFA mixture itself indicated that the latter is much slower than that of each of its pure components. KW - Differential scanning calorimetry; Fatty acids; Melt crystallization Y1 - 2013 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ceat.201200524/abstract U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201200524 SN - 0930-7516 SN - 1521-4125 VL - 36 IS - 7 SP - 1225 EP - 1230 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dasgupta, Sunanda A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Schulz, Stephanie T1 - Determination and Comparison of Equilibrium Data of Various Plant-Based Fatty Acid Mixtures T2 - Chemical Engineering & Technology N2 - Multistage melt crystallization of a variety of plant-based polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) mixtures was conducted to obtain an overview on their liquid-solid equilibrium behavior. Crystal fraction and mother liquor samples were analyzed at every stage. Phase behavior diagrams at low saturated fatty acid concentrations were investigated in detail as they are of significant technical relevance with respect to efficient depletion of the saturated content from the samples. A high oleic acid content in the PUFA mixtures led to difficulties in depleting the mother liquor from the saturated content by melt crystallization. Thermograms from the differential scanning calorimetry were supplemented with illustrations which allow a novel interpretation of results and verification of conclusions. KW - Differential scanning calorimeter, Fatty acids, Liquid-solid phase diagram, Metastable zone, Multistage melt crystallization Y1 - 2014 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ceat.201300630/abstract U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201300630 SN - 0930-7516 VL - 37 IS - 6 SP - 1002 EP - 1008 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eckert, Karl-Andreas A1 - Dasgupta, Sunanda A1 - Selge, Benjamin A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Liquid solid phase behavior of ternary fatty acid systems of palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid T2 - Book of Abstracts of the 8th Workshop on Fats and Oils as Renewable Feedstock for the Chemical Industry Karlsruhe, March 29–31, 2015 N2 - Enrichment of natural unsaturated fractions by melt crystallization processes has already been proved to be effective in prior investigations [1]–[3]. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid are the five main fatty acids present in most of these plant based natural oils. There is quite a bit of information about the liquid solid phase behavior of binary mixtures such as palmitic-oleic, stearic-oleic and palmitic-stearic acid mixtures in literature [4]–[6]. Recent investigations have shown phase diagrams of real natural oil based fatty acid systems containing up to 19% saturated content (11% stearic acid and 8% palmitic acid) [7]. Yet, there is hardly any information regarding ternary systems as those of palmitic-stearic-oleic and palmitic-stearic-linoleic acids. In this work, synthetic mixtures have been used in order to obtain a complete overview of the liquid solid phase diagrams of these ternary mixtures. To imitate naturally occurring mixtures, a mixture with 1:1 ratio of palmitic stearic acid was prepared. Varying amounts of either oleic or linoleic acids were added to this mixture in order to obtain the entire range required for the phase diagrams. These mixtures were then subjected to a specific profile with a wide temperature range in a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) so as to record every phase transition. This study successfully concludes that these complex mixtures could be treated as binary mixtures of their saturated and unsaturated contents. This is because there were essentially two main peaks noted in the DSC thermograms. It is to be noted that there was a third peak, assumed to represent the solid transition, in mixtures containing oleic acid. This has already been shown in detail and discussed in prior investigations [6], [7]. Another major discovery was that the solidus line depends on the type of the unsaturated content, that is, the degree of unsaturation, in the mixture. KW - Phase Diagram, Ternary Mixtures, Fatty Acids, Differential scanning calorimetry Y1 - 2015 UR - http://conferences.abiosus.org/abstract/show/630 UR - http://www.abiosus.org/Book_of_Abstracts_2015.pdf SP - S. 73 PB - abiosus e.V. Conferences CY - Karlsruhe, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eckert, Karl-Andreas A1 - Dasgupta, Sunanda A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Novel techniques to optically characterize melt crystallization kinetics of high oleic sunflower oil based fatty acid mixture T2 - Book of Abstracts of the 7th Workshop on Fats and Oils as Renewable Feedstock for the Chemical Industry Karlsruhe, March 23–25, 2014 N2 - The rising applications of enriched unsaturated fatty acid fractions are significantly increasing the need for a cheap method of manufacturing such fractions. Melt crystallization is an established method for purification and enrichment of desired fractions from mixtures [1, 2, 3]. Enrichment of such natural unsaturated fractions by melt crystallization processes has already been proved effective in prior investigations [1, 2]. Since then many analytical and investigative methods have been applied on various natural plant oil based poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) mixtures to generate the much needed fundamental melt crystallization data [1]. One such method is the use of in-situ polarized light microscopy [1, 4, 5]. Some of the important parameters affecting the melt crystallization of PUFA mixtures are nucleation and crystal growth rate. To be able to observe and visualize these micro-scale phenomena, circular polarized transmitted light microscopy was applied. A tempered chamber (Linkam LS 120) containing the sample between two object slides was placed right within the microscope camera setup (Leica DM RME and Leica DFC 500) with a viewing window. With respect to the transmitted light, the sample was placed between two circular polarized filters such that the system is calibrated for optimal visualization. Unlike linear polarization, in this method every crystal independent of its alignment in the sample, delivers an interference color different from its background. This way, the entire crystal structure could be clearly separated from the melt. Nucleation and crystal growth rate of a high oleic sunflower oil based PUFA was measured using this method at 5K supercooling and 10K/min cooling rate. Growth curves for total crystal area and number of crystals were analyzed and illustrated graphically. A typical S- curve is observed for both the cases starting with a lag phase followed by an exponential growth phase and ending in a saturation phase. KW - Polarized light microscopy, PUFA, melt crystallization Y1 - 2014 UR - http://conferences.abiosus.org/abstract/show/559 UR - http://www.abiosus.org/Book_of_Abstracts_2014.pdf PB - abiosus e.V. Conferences CY - Karlsruhe, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dasgupta, Sunanda A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - In-situ monitoring and induction time measurements during melt crystallization of plant based fatty acid mixtures in V-form reactor T2 - 6th Workshop on Fats and Oils as Renewable Feedstock for the Chemical Industry Karlsruhe, March 17–19, 2013 N2 - Enriched plant based unsaturated fatty acid mixtures are increasingly finding applications in various fields like those of production of bio-fuels and polymerization of epoxy resins. In the case of production of epoxy resins, they are highly advantageous due to the presence of multiple double bonds in the fatty acids which provide opportunities for cross linking by substitution. On the other hand, bio-fuels need raw materials with very low crystallization temperatures. This special property can also be attributed to these enriched unsaturated fractions due to their weak inter-molecular interactions owing to the kink in their structures. Melt crystallization has long been established as an optimal method for purification and enrichment of fractions from mixtures [1,2]. Previous studies have shown promising results with regard to enrichment of unsaturated fractions by melt crystallization processes [1]. Melt crystallization kinetics of two plant based poly-unsaturated fatty acid mixtures have been investigated in this study [3]. A high oleic and a high linoleic fatty acid mixture were chosen for comparison purposes. A V-form reactor was developed for optimal in-situ analysis with the help of the focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM®, Mettler Toledo Ltd., Switzerland) instrument [3]. Enhanced heat transfer especially to deal with the heat given out during crystallization was enabled through minimal volume of sample, optimized mixing and the special shape of the reactor. Important parameters like induction time, mixing speed, etc have been determined and compared as functions of degree of supercooling and composition of PUFA mixtures. In accordance to theory, the induction times in both the cases decreased with increasing supercooling and mixer speed. On the other hand, the high linoleic fatty acid mixture required much higher supercooling (4.4K to 5.4K) than the high oleic mixture (2.2K to 3.2K) for favorable induction times. KW - FBRM, PUFA Y1 - 2013 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265109649_In-situ_monitoring_and_induction_time_measurements_during_melt_crystallization_of_plant_based_fatty_acid_mixtures_in_V-form_reactor PB - abiosus e.V. Conferences CY - Karlsruhe, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dasgupta, Sunanda A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Enrichment of unsaturated fractions in a Linseed oil based fatty acid mixture by melt crystallisation T2 - 5th Workshop on Fats and Oils as Renewable Feedstock for the Chemical Industry, Karlsruhe, Germany N2 - Enriched plant based unsaturated fatty acid mixtures are increasingly finding applications in various fields like those of production of bio-fuels and polymerization of epoxy resins. In the case of production of epoxy resins, they are highly advantageous due to the presence of multiple double bonds in the fatty acids which provide opportunities for cross linking by substitution. On the other hand, bio-fuels need raw materials with very low crystallization temperatures. This special property can also be attributed to these enriched unsaturated fractions due to their weak inter-molecular interactions owing to the kink in their structures. Melt crystallization has long been established as an optimal method for purification and enrichment of fractions from mixtures [1,2]. Previous studies have shown promising results with regard to enrichment of unsaturated fractions by melt crystallization processes [1]. Melt crystallization kinetics of two plant based poly-unsaturated fatty acid mixtures have been investigated in this study [3]. A high oleic and a high linoleic fatty acid mixture were chosen for comparison purposes. A V-form reactor was developed for optimal in-situ analysis with the help of the focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM®, Mettler Toledo Ltd., Switzerland) instrument [3]. Enhanced heat transfer especially to deal with the heat given out during crystallization was enabled through minimal volume of sample, optimized mixing and the special shape of the reactor. Important parameters like induction time, mixing speed, etc have been determined and compared as functions of degree of supercooling and composition of PUFA mixtures. In accordance to theory, the induction times in both the cases decreased with increasing supercooling and mixer speed. On the other hand, the high linoleic fatty acid mixture required much higher supercooling (4.4K to 5.4K) than the high oleic mixture (2.2K to 3.2K) for favorable induction times. References [1] S. Dasgupta, N. Dreiack, P. Ay, presented at the 5th Workshop on Fats and Oils as Renewable Feedstock for the Chemical Industry (Eds: J.O. Metzger, M.A.R. Meier), Karlsruhe 2012 [2] G.F. Arkenbout, Melt Crystallization Technology, Technomic Publishing Company Inc., Pennsylvania 1995 [3] S. Xu, Master thesis, Chair of Mineral Processing, Processing of Biogenous Resources, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus 2010 KW - Linseed oil, melt crystallization, unsaturated fatty acids, differential scanning caloriemetry Y1 - 2012 UR - http://conferences.abiosus.org/abstract/show/391 SP - S. 93 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dasgupta, Sunanda A1 - Rettig, Florian A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Nucleation kinetics during melt crystallization of plant based high oleic and linoleic polyunsaturated fatty acid mixtures T2 - Crystal Growth & Design N2 - Nucleation kinetics of high linoleic and high oleic polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) mixtures were investigated during melt crystallization by means of an Focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) sensor. Samples were analyzed thermally and chemically in the Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Gas Chromatograph (GC) respectively. Investigations showed that a high oleic content in the PUFA mixtures lead to higher induction times, τi. Unlike previous investigations, a clear relation between τi and cooling rates was established. τi increases with increasing cooling rates and decreasing supercooling. Activation energies of nucleation, ∆Gc' were determined by means of the Fisher Turnbull equation wherein ∆Gc' decreases exponentially with increasing supercooling. Investigations and further evaluations conclude that while the plot establishes the effect of supercooling on ∆Gc' , it does not incorporate the effects of molecular diffusion or the cooling rate. Hence, 3D modeling was performed to visualize the combined effects of cooling rate and supercooling on induction time. KW - Melt crystallization, Focused beam reflectance method, Differential Scanning Calorimeter, Fatty Acids, Induction time, Gibbs free enthalpy of crystallization, Fisher Turnbull equation, Supercooling, Activation barrier Y1 - 2015 UR - http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.cgd.5b01432 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5b01432 SN - 1528-7505 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 861 EP - 866 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Oyegbile, Benjamin A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Narra, Satyanarayana T1 - Optimisation of micro-processes for shear-assisted solid-liquid separation in a rotatory batch flow vortex reactor T2 - Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination N2 - This paper reports the study of micro-processes in a novel pre-treatment technique using a pellet forming batch flow vortex reactor of cylindrical shape that consists of axially revolving rotor plates between fixed stator plates. The suspension was first mixed with high molecular weight synthetic polymers by stirring for approximately 50 seconds and then agitated for 20 minutes. The process was optimised for a number of operating conditions including polymer type and dosing regimen, rotation speed, wall-plate gap distance, residence time and suspension filling method. The results of the investigation show that optimising a number of process variables that influence floc formation and growth, along with specific apparatus construction and geometry, help to maintain the suspension in a metastable state that is crucial for the formation of pellet-like compact agglomerates with better dewaterability and uniform aggregate size. A maximum dry solids content of 28.3% after gravity dewatering through a 0.5 mm sieve was recorded during the investigation, with a maximum particle removal efficiency of 97.5%. KW - floc stability, hydrodynamics, pelleting flocculation, sludge, turbulence Y1 - 2015 UR - www.iwaponline.com/jwrd/up/jwrd2015057.htm U6 - https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2015.057 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 125 EP - 136 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eckert, Karl-Andreas A1 - Dasgupta, Sunanda A1 - Selge, Benjamin A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Solid liquid phase diagrams of binary fatty acid mixtures - Palmitic/stearic with oleic/linoleic/linolenic acid mixture T2 - Thermochimica Acta N2 - The solid liquid phase diagrams of binary mixtures of the five main saturated and unsaturated fatty acids present in most edible plant oils have been determined in this paper. These binary mixtures comprise of a saturated fatty acid, either palmitic (C16:0) or stearic (C18:0) and an unsaturated one, oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) or linolenic (C18:3) acid. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to obtain an overview of the solid liquid transition behaviour including the metastable ranges of these mixtures. In order to describe all the phase transformations in these systems, the boundary functions have been determined and compared. Phase diagrams determined, illustrate characteristic behaviour in accordance to literature. This work specifically focuses on to describe the solid liquid transitions of the mixtures and not on every single transition or reaction. This paper contributes to the elucidation of the phase behaviour of these important mixtures which are applied in diverse industries. KW - Binary mixtures; Solid liquid equilibrium; Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids; Phase diagram; DSC Y1 - 2016 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040603116300193 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2016.02.008 SN - 0040-6031 VL - Vol. 630 SP - 50 EP - 63 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dasgupta, Sunanda A1 - Dreiack, Nadine A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Melt crystallization kinetics for enrichment of highly unsaturated fatty acid fractions based on Linseed oil T2 - Journal of Environmental Research And Development N2 - Naturally occurring plant based fats and oils have a huge potential as renewable resources to synthesize chemically new products apart from being widely used as ingredients in various kind of food and cosmetics. Oils are triglycerides which are basically tri-esters made of glycerol and three fatty acids. The latter finds application on one hand as raw material for the polymerization of epoxy resins whereas on the other in the manufacturing of biodiesel amongst others. Melt crystallization as a method to enrich a fatty acid mixture with higher unsaturated fractions is becoming increasingly established. A polyunsaturated fatty acid mixture with high concentration of linolenic acid (C 18:3) was chosen for this work. This linolenic oil fatty acid rich mixture was subjected to different temperature profiles in order to optimize maximum yield of unsaturated fatty acid in the mother liquor post isothermal centrifugal separation. The influence of the temperature profile on the quality of the desired product was thereby investigated. To examine the exact composition of the resulting product several analytical methods like Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Gas Chromatography (GC) were developed and performed. Product compositions with a total saturated content (C16:0 - palmitic acid and C18:0 - stearic acid) of below 3% was achieved successfully. KW - melt crystallization KW - linseed oil KW - poly-unsaturated fatty acid mixture KW - differential scanning calorimetry KW - gas chromatography Y1 - 2016 UR - http://www.jerad.org/ppapers/dnload.php?vl=11&is=1&st=1 SN - 0973-6921 SN - 2319-5983 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 6 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Glaser, Claudia A1 - Logsch, Florian A1 - Narra, Satyanarayana A1 - Gemende, Bernhard A1 - Gerbeth, Anja A1 - Riedel, Tobias A1 - Pausch, Nicole A1 - Leiker, Matthias A1 - Bäde, Bianka A1 - Heiduschke, Rene T1 - Micro-structured Iron (III) hydroxide agglomerates with high porosity as adsorbents T2 - Proceedings of the XXVIII International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC 2016), September 11-15, 2016, Québec City, Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum N2 - This study focusses on the production of micro-structured agglomerates with high porosity from iron (III)-hydroxide-containing materials as adsorbent. A fractal structure of the agglomerates was created through a two-stage agglomeration process. Developing porous structures was necessary to increase the adsorption capacity. Various materials were used for the agglomeration experiments: i) filter cake (dry matter content 23 to 27 wt.-%); ii) FerroSorp®DGμ, a product which is already being used commercially for various applications in water cleaning. These materials in the pristine state have different characteristics such as dry matter content and particle size distribution. The desired optimised agglomerates can be achieved with the help of additives or binders, respectively. Additionally, the agglomeration process parameters play a vital role. In order to produce agglomerates with high porosity, the process was carried out in two steps. Firstly, FerroSorp®DGμ (d90 < 30 µm) was agglomerated jointly with the aforementioned filter cake in an Eirich intensive mixer (particle size range 125 µm < d90 < 500 µm). The second agglomeration step post drying was carried out in a pelletisation disc or in an Eirich intensive mixer with the addition of polymeric binders (up to particle sizes ranging from 2 to 4 mm). Agglomerates were characterised both in short and long term loading tests using phosphate as model ion. Contact times were less than 10 min, similar to practical application in percolation columns, or more than 7 days, respectively. The results show that the agglomerates produced in the two-stage pelletisation process have more advantageous properties like better accessibility of the active sites obtained by specificly influencing the particle size distribution during the two-stage pelletisation process. KW - Microstructured agglomerate KW - Iron(III)-hydoxide-containing material KW - adsorption capacity Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-1-926872-29-2 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Markowski, Jens A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Pempel, Harry A1 - Logsch, Florian T1 - Recycling of metal-coated plastic parts from end-of-life-vehicles (ELV) with biotechnological methods T2 - Proceedings of the XXVIII International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC 2016), September 11-15, 2016, Québec City, Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum N2 - Due to the European Directive 2000/53/EC on end-of-life-vehicles, from 2015 on more than 95% of car materials have to be recycled. In order to recycle the materials back into the economic cycle, it is necessary to produce products with high quality and purity. Plastic components in cars, which are coated with metals by vapour deposition or electroplating, have a wide circulation (e.g., as cladding panel or trim strip for interiors and exteriors). In the end-of-life-vehicle recycling process, these plastic-metal composites are not considered in usual technologies (car shredder) and are not separated from Automotive Shredder Residue. These parts can be separated by optical or HF-detection sorting and then introduced to a specific treatment. Experiments with a specially developed bioleaching configuration showed that the thin coatings, which consist mainly of copper, nickel and chromium, can be removed efficiently from the polymer base materials by a bioleaching solution with Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans as a leaching agent. The solution used was produced in special fermenters with a 9K-nutrient salt media. During the bioleaching process at 35°C maximum temperature, most of the copper is dissolved and the other metals accumulate as metal sludge. The bacterial cultures based on A. ferrooxidans are robust and resilient. After a 48-hour bioleaching period while the composites were stirred regularly with ventilation, the plastic particles were completely free from metallic coatings. The metal components are separated for further use: undissolved components (mainly Ni and Cr) are separated by decantation of the solution; dissolved copper recovey is carried out by cementation of copper. The cementated solid contains ~98% Cu, along with small amounts of other metals. With the bioleaching process, good separation and re-utilization of the metallic coatings is possible. The cleaned plastic parts were prepared by compounding for new applications with injection-moulding. KW - Bioleaching, Recycling, Plastic-Metal-Composites, End-of-life-vehicles Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-1-926872-29-2 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eckert, Karl-Andreas A1 - Dasgupta, Sunanda A1 - Selge, Benjamin A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Construction and comparison of solid liquid phase diagrams of binary sat-sat and unsat-unsat fatty acid mixtures comprising two of palmitic/stearic/oleic/linoleic/linolenic acid T2 - Journal of Environmental Research And Development N2 - In this paper, binary phase diagrams of the five main fatty acids present in edible oil based mixtures are shown. While previously the binary systems of one saturated and one unsaturated acid were investigated, in this work the binary mixtures comprise of palmitic (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) or a binary mixture of oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) or linolenic acid (C18:3). In order to obtain the phase diagrams with all the solid liquid and solid phase transitions, the mixtures were analyzed by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Phase change boundary functions based on thermodynamic models and experimental values were fitted and compared. The phase diagrams obtained show behaviors in good agreement to literature. The paper contributes to the deeper understanding of the essential phase change effects during industrial crystallization processes. KW - Binary mixtures KW - Solid liquid equilibrium KW - Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids KW - Phase diagram KW - DSC Y1 - 2016 UR - http://www.jerad.org/ppapers/dnload.php?vl=10&is=4&st=612 SN - 0973-6921 SN - 2319-5983 VL - 10 IS - 4 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Klose, Markus A1 - Reinhold, Romy A1 - Logsch, Florian A1 - Wolke, Florian A1 - Linnemann, Julia A1 - Stoeck, Ulrich A1 - Oswald, Steffen A1 - Uhlemann, Martin A1 - Ballach, Juan A1 - Markowski, Jens A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Giebeler, Lars T1 - Softwood lignin as a sustainable feedstock for porous carbons as active material for supercapacitors using an ionic liquid electrolyte T2 - ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering KW - porous carbons KW - lignin KW - supercapacitors Y1 - 2017 VL - 5 IS - 5 SP - 4095 EP - 4102 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Markowski, Jens A1 - Pempel, Harry A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Recovery of nickel-containing coatings with hydro-biotechnological methods T2 - COM 2017, Conference of Metallurgists (MetSoc), The 56th Annual Conference of Metallurgists, hosting World Gold and Nickel-Cobalt, August 27-30, 2017, Hyatt Regency Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada N2 - Metal-coated thermoplastic parts find more and more functional and aesthetic applications in the interior and exterior of cars. The vapor-deposited or electroplated coatings are usually composed of a plurality of nickel- and chromium-containing layers, which are applied to copper-containing carrier layers on the polymers. Previously, recycling processes are mainly focussed at the recovery or thermal utilization of the plastics. Targeted and selective recycling of the metallic coatings is usually not carried out. Together with several SME, BTU developed a process, in which a complete and separate recovery of all components in high purity is possible with biotechnological methods. The bioleaching is carried out with iron and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, esp. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The copper-containing layers are dissolved in the solution; chromium- and nickel-containing particles are precipitated as solids. After the bioleaching, a mechanical separation of the individual metal-containing components and their separate workup are carried out. End-products are metallic copper, a nickel- and chromium-containing solid and the cleaned plastics. The bioleaching ensures a high purity of the end products. Through the use of bacteria, which are also found in nature, the process is environmentally friendly. Compared to chemical leaching using inorganic acids, considerably shorter leaching times can be achieved. In addition to the optimization of the leaching process, the R/D-project also includes the development and testing of the apparatus technology. KW - Bioleaching KW - End-of-life-vehicles KW - electroplated plastics KW - Recycling Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-1-926872-36-0 PB - Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum CY - Vancouver ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eckert, Karl-Andreas A1 - Dasgupta, Sunanda A1 - Selge, Benjamin A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Novel model for the prediction of SSLE temperatures and crystallization paths of any mixture containing palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid T2 - Thermochimica Acta N2 - A mathematical model for the prediction of phase change temperatures and crystallization paths for mixtures consisting of palmitic (P), stearic (S), oleic (O), linoleic (L) and linolenic acid (Ll) in any distribution is presented in this paper. This model is based on the information gathered from modeled ternary phase diagrams, namely PSO, PSL, PSLl and OLLl, that were based on experimental binary phase diagrams of all possible combinations of these fatty acids. These experimental binary phase diagrams were obtained by means of differential scanning calorimetry and mathematical function fitting, within which the eutectic region of binary palmitic/stearic with oleic/linoleic/linolenic acid was investigated in detail. The basic mathematical model used was previously shown in literature which delivered good results for such systems. The importance of the developed model was then justified by investigations on real and composed synthetic fatty acid mixtures, where a high accuracy of the predicted temperatures could be shown for the technically relevant liquidus and solidus temperatures. A satisfying prediction for thermal events below the first solidus line could be reached as well. This work directly contributes to an enhanced understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic background of such important mixtures applied in diverse products and industries, thereby showing a large optimization potential for crystallization technologies. KW - Binary mixtures KW - Ternary mixtures KW - Solid liquid equilibrium KW - Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids KW - Phase diagram KW - DSC KW - Modeling Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2017.03.015 SN - 0040-6031 VL - 652 SP - 126 EP - 140 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dasgupta, Sunanda A1 - Glaser, Claudia A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - SLE diagram for a high oleic palm oil based fatty acid mixture at low saturated content T2 - 9th Workshop on Fats and Oils as Renewable Feedstock for the Chemical Industry, March 19-21, 2017, Karlsruhe, Germany N2 - Vegetable oils and their derivatives are increasingly replacing mineral oils in their applications.[1,2] Among other constituents in vegetable oil, both saturated and unsaturated fractions are important raw materials. The latter possesses double bonds which can provide as substrates or raw materials for various chemical industries.[3] Fractionation of these oils or as in our case the Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) mixture is required so as to generate favorable compositions according to applications. Generation of Solid Liquid Equilibrium (SLE) phase diagrams for real mixtures is extremely important to enable a thorough understanding of the thermodynamics of the fractionation process of crystallization. The PUFA mixture was fractionated in a multistage scrubbing layer crystallizer. The product was put into a decanter centrifuge so as to fractionate them into mother liqor and crystal fraction. The temperature in the jacket was maintained such that △T< 5K from the liquidus point obtained from the Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) thermal analyses. Each crystallizer was also maintained at a temperature 5K below the previous one. This way a slow and successive cooling of the PUFA was achieved such that probes from different fraction could be obtained. They were analyzed thermally and chemically in the DSC and Gas Chromatography – Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) setup respectively.[4] Similar to previous literature as in [5], technically relevant partial SLE diagrams for high oleic palm oil was created by fractionating the mixture in a scrubbed layer crystallizer along with their metastable range were determined.[6] Y1 - 2017 PB - Abiosus e.V. CY - Oldenburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Logsch, Florian A1 - Glaser, Claudia A1 - Balz, Jessica A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Leiker, Matthias A1 - Heiduschke, Rene T1 - Experimental studies of the pelletizing-flocculation process of ironhydroxide containing suspensions in a Taylor-Couette-Reactor T2 - Abstracts of the XXIX International Mineral Processing Congress : 17-21 september, 2018 N2 - The treatment of iron-hydroxide-containing water from ground water and surface water is achieved by a combination of the process steps of flocculation and subsequent mechanical dewatering. The aim is to create solid pellet structures by extending the structure forming flocculation process with a build-up pelletizing process which can be transferred directly into a drying unit. A Taylor-Couette-reactor (diameter of the inner cylinder – 40 mm, gap width – 5 mm) was used for these experimental studies. To produce the necessary flow profile the inner cylinder was rotated at a speed of 230 rpm. The iron hydroxide-containing suspension (dry matter content: 2 mass %) was added simultaneously with the addition of a cationic high-molecular flocculant in various flocculant dosages and residence times of 5 to 15 min. The pellets were examined for parameters such as geometric dimensions, dry substance content and dewatering behaviour. As the results show, there is a direct relationship between the residence time and the geometric dimensions of the pellets. After a residence time of 5 min, round pellets with an average diameter of 6 mm were formed. With an increase in the residence time up to 15 min, a compaction of the pellets could be observed, which resulted in an increase in the dry substance content of 8.0 to 11.2 mass % on average. After completion of the pelletizing process, the pellets were mechanically dewatered by filtration. By applying this innovative wet pelletizing of iron-hydroxide containing suspensions in a Taylor-Couette-reactor, it is possible to carry out the process of flocculation combined with the pellet formation with simultaneous pellet compaction in a single process step. The resulting pellet structures are distinguished from conventional floc structures by an improved water discharge capacity. After classification the pellets can be marked directly as easy-to-handle bulk material, suitable as feedstock in percolation columns for the purification of contaminated fluid streams KW - Flocculation, wet-pelletizing, Taylor-Couette-reactor, water purification, Iron(III)-hydroxide-containing material, pelletizing-flocculation Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-5-98191-086-9 SP - 189 PB - Ore and Metals, Publishing House, Moscow CY - Moscow ET - 1. Auflage ER -