TY - GEN A1 - Oyegbile, Benjamin A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Narra, Satyanarayana T1 - Optimization of Physicochemical Process for Pre-treatment of Suspension by Flocculation Prior to Dewatering T2 - Desalination and water treatment Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1043591 SN - 1944-3986 N1 - Presented at the International Congress on Water, Waste and Energy Management 16–18 July 2014, Porto, Portugal VL - 57 IS - 6 SP - 2726 EP - 2736 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eckert, Karl-Andreas A1 - Dasgupta, Sunanda A1 - Selge, Benjamin A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Solid liquid phase diagrams of binary fatty acid mixtures - Palmitic/stearic with oleic/linoleic/linolenic acid mixture T2 - Thermochimica Acta N2 - The solid liquid phase diagrams of binary mixtures of the five main saturated and unsaturated fatty acids present in most edible plant oils have been determined in this paper. These binary mixtures comprise of a saturated fatty acid, either palmitic (C16:0) or stearic (C18:0) and an unsaturated one, oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) or linolenic (C18:3) acid. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to obtain an overview of the solid liquid transition behaviour including the metastable ranges of these mixtures. In order to describe all the phase transformations in these systems, the boundary functions have been determined and compared. Phase diagrams determined, illustrate characteristic behaviour in accordance to literature. This work specifically focuses on to describe the solid liquid transitions of the mixtures and not on every single transition or reaction. This paper contributes to the elucidation of the phase behaviour of these important mixtures which are applied in diverse industries. KW - Binary mixtures; Solid liquid equilibrium; Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids; Phase diagram; DSC Y1 - 2016 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040603116300193 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2016.02.008 SN - 0040-6031 VL - Vol. 630 SP - 50 EP - 63 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dasgupta, Sunanda A1 - Dreiack, Nadine A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Melt crystallization kinetics for enrichment of highly unsaturated fatty acid fractions based on Linseed oil T2 - Journal of Environmental Research And Development N2 - Naturally occurring plant based fats and oils have a huge potential as renewable resources to synthesize chemically new products apart from being widely used as ingredients in various kind of food and cosmetics. Oils are triglycerides which are basically tri-esters made of glycerol and three fatty acids. The latter finds application on one hand as raw material for the polymerization of epoxy resins whereas on the other in the manufacturing of biodiesel amongst others. Melt crystallization as a method to enrich a fatty acid mixture with higher unsaturated fractions is becoming increasingly established. A polyunsaturated fatty acid mixture with high concentration of linolenic acid (C 18:3) was chosen for this work. This linolenic oil fatty acid rich mixture was subjected to different temperature profiles in order to optimize maximum yield of unsaturated fatty acid in the mother liquor post isothermal centrifugal separation. The influence of the temperature profile on the quality of the desired product was thereby investigated. To examine the exact composition of the resulting product several analytical methods like Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Gas Chromatography (GC) were developed and performed. Product compositions with a total saturated content (C16:0 - palmitic acid and C18:0 - stearic acid) of below 3% was achieved successfully. KW - melt crystallization KW - linseed oil KW - poly-unsaturated fatty acid mixture KW - differential scanning calorimetry KW - gas chromatography Y1 - 2016 UR - http://www.jerad.org/ppapers/dnload.php?vl=11&is=1&st=1 SN - 0973-6921 SN - 2319-5983 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 6 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Glaser, Claudia A1 - Logsch, Florian A1 - Narra, Satyanarayana A1 - Gemende, Bernhard A1 - Gerbeth, Anja A1 - Riedel, Tobias A1 - Pausch, Nicole A1 - Leiker, Matthias A1 - Bäde, Bianka A1 - Heiduschke, Rene T1 - Micro-structured Iron (III) hydroxide agglomerates with high porosity as adsorbents T2 - Proceedings of the XXVIII International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC 2016), September 11-15, 2016, Québec City, Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum N2 - This study focusses on the production of micro-structured agglomerates with high porosity from iron (III)-hydroxide-containing materials as adsorbent. A fractal structure of the agglomerates was created through a two-stage agglomeration process. Developing porous structures was necessary to increase the adsorption capacity. Various materials were used for the agglomeration experiments: i) filter cake (dry matter content 23 to 27 wt.-%); ii) FerroSorp®DGμ, a product which is already being used commercially for various applications in water cleaning. These materials in the pristine state have different characteristics such as dry matter content and particle size distribution. The desired optimised agglomerates can be achieved with the help of additives or binders, respectively. Additionally, the agglomeration process parameters play a vital role. In order to produce agglomerates with high porosity, the process was carried out in two steps. Firstly, FerroSorp®DGμ (d90 < 30 µm) was agglomerated jointly with the aforementioned filter cake in an Eirich intensive mixer (particle size range 125 µm < d90 < 500 µm). The second agglomeration step post drying was carried out in a pelletisation disc or in an Eirich intensive mixer with the addition of polymeric binders (up to particle sizes ranging from 2 to 4 mm). Agglomerates were characterised both in short and long term loading tests using phosphate as model ion. Contact times were less than 10 min, similar to practical application in percolation columns, or more than 7 days, respectively. The results show that the agglomerates produced in the two-stage pelletisation process have more advantageous properties like better accessibility of the active sites obtained by specificly influencing the particle size distribution during the two-stage pelletisation process. KW - Microstructured agglomerate KW - Iron(III)-hydoxide-containing material KW - adsorption capacity Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-1-926872-29-2 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Markowski, Jens A1 - Ay, Peter A1 - Pempel, Harry A1 - Logsch, Florian T1 - Recycling of metal-coated plastic parts from end-of-life-vehicles (ELV) with biotechnological methods T2 - Proceedings of the XXVIII International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC 2016), September 11-15, 2016, Québec City, Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum N2 - Due to the European Directive 2000/53/EC on end-of-life-vehicles, from 2015 on more than 95% of car materials have to be recycled. In order to recycle the materials back into the economic cycle, it is necessary to produce products with high quality and purity. Plastic components in cars, which are coated with metals by vapour deposition or electroplating, have a wide circulation (e.g., as cladding panel or trim strip for interiors and exteriors). In the end-of-life-vehicle recycling process, these plastic-metal composites are not considered in usual technologies (car shredder) and are not separated from Automotive Shredder Residue. These parts can be separated by optical or HF-detection sorting and then introduced to a specific treatment. Experiments with a specially developed bioleaching configuration showed that the thin coatings, which consist mainly of copper, nickel and chromium, can be removed efficiently from the polymer base materials by a bioleaching solution with Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans as a leaching agent. The solution used was produced in special fermenters with a 9K-nutrient salt media. During the bioleaching process at 35°C maximum temperature, most of the copper is dissolved and the other metals accumulate as metal sludge. The bacterial cultures based on A. ferrooxidans are robust and resilient. After a 48-hour bioleaching period while the composites were stirred regularly with ventilation, the plastic particles were completely free from metallic coatings. The metal components are separated for further use: undissolved components (mainly Ni and Cr) are separated by decantation of the solution; dissolved copper recovey is carried out by cementation of copper. The cementated solid contains ~98% Cu, along with small amounts of other metals. With the bioleaching process, good separation and re-utilization of the metallic coatings is possible. The cleaned plastic parts were prepared by compounding for new applications with injection-moulding. KW - Bioleaching, Recycling, Plastic-Metal-Composites, End-of-life-vehicles Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-1-926872-29-2 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eckert, Karl-Andreas A1 - Dasgupta, Sunanda A1 - Selge, Benjamin A1 - Ay, Peter T1 - Construction and comparison of solid liquid phase diagrams of binary sat-sat and unsat-unsat fatty acid mixtures comprising two of palmitic/stearic/oleic/linoleic/linolenic acid T2 - Journal of Environmental Research And Development N2 - In this paper, binary phase diagrams of the five main fatty acids present in edible oil based mixtures are shown. While previously the binary systems of one saturated and one unsaturated acid were investigated, in this work the binary mixtures comprise of palmitic (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) or a binary mixture of oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) or linolenic acid (C18:3). In order to obtain the phase diagrams with all the solid liquid and solid phase transitions, the mixtures were analyzed by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Phase change boundary functions based on thermodynamic models and experimental values were fitted and compared. The phase diagrams obtained show behaviors in good agreement to literature. The paper contributes to the deeper understanding of the essential phase change effects during industrial crystallization processes. KW - Binary mixtures KW - Solid liquid equilibrium KW - Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids KW - Phase diagram KW - DSC Y1 - 2016 UR - http://www.jerad.org/ppapers/dnload.php?vl=10&is=4&st=612 SN - 0973-6921 SN - 2319-5983 VL - 10 IS - 4 ER -