TY - GEN A1 - Assafo, Maryam A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - A TOPSIS-Assisted Feature Selection Scheme and SOM-Based Anomaly Detection for Milling Tools under Different Operating Conditions T2 - IEEE Access Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3091476 SN - 2169-3536 IS - 9 SP - 90011 EP - 90028 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Assafo, Maryam A1 - Städter, Jost Philipp A1 - Meisel, Tenia A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - On the Stability and Homogeneous Ensemble of Feature Selection for Predictive Maintenance: A Classification Application for Tool Condition Monitoring in Milling T2 - Sensors N2 - Feature selection (FS) represents an essential step for many machine learning-based predictive maintenance (PdM) applications, including various industrial processes, components, and monitoring tasks. The selected features not only serve as inputs to the learning models but also can influence further decisions and analysis, e.g., sensor selection and understandability of the PdM system. Hence, before deploying the PdM system, it is crucial to examine the reproducibility and robustness of the selected features under variations in the input data. This is particularly critical for real-world datasets with a low sample-to-dimension ratio (SDR). However, to the best of our knowledge, stability of the FS methods under data variations has not been considered yet in the field of PdM. This paper addresses this issue with an application to tool condition monitoring in milling, where classifiers based on support vector machines and random forest were employed. We used a five-fold cross-validation to evaluate three popular filter-based FS methods, namely Fisher score, minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR), and ReliefF, in terms of both stability and macro-F1. Further, for each method, we investigated the impact of the homogeneous FS ensemble on both performance indicators. To gain broad insights, we used four (2:2) milling datasets obtained from our experiments and NASA’s repository, which differ in the operating conditions, sensors, SDR, number of classes, etc. For each dataset, the study was conducted for two individual sensors and their fusion. Among the conclusions: (1) Different FS methods can yield comparable macro-F1 yet considerably different FS stability values. (2) Fisher score (single and/or ensemble) is superior in most of the cases. (3) mRMR’s stability is overall the lowest, the most variable over different settings (e.g., sensor(s), subset cardinality), and the one that benefits the most from the ensemble. KW - classification KW - feature selection KW - homogeneous feature selection ensemble KW - predictive maintenance KW - milling KW - sensor fusion KW - stability of feature selection KW - tool condition monitoring Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094461 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 23 IS - 9 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Assafo, Maryam A1 - Lautsch, Martin A1 - Suawa, Priscile Fogou A1 - Jongmanns, Marcel A1 - Hübner, Michael A1 - Reichenbach, Marc A1 - Brockmann, Carsten A1 - Reinhardt, Denis A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - The ForTune Toolbox: Building Solutions for Condition-Based and Predictive Maintenance Focusing on Retrofitting Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8007-6204-0 SN - 978-3-8007-6203-3 N1 - Poster, Tagungsband MikroSystemTechnik Kongress 2023, Dresden, 23. - 25. Oktober 2023 SP - S. 541 PB - VDE Verlag CY - Berlin ER -