TY - GEN A1 - Buchanan, Erin M. A1 - Lewis, Savannah C. A1 - Paris, Bastien A1 - Forscher, Patrick S. A1 - Pavlacic, Jeffrey M. A1 - Beshears, Julie E. A1 - Drexler, Shira Meir A1 - Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Amélie A1 - Mallik, Peter R A1 - Silan, Miguel Alejandro A. A1 - Miller, Jeremy K. A1 - IJzerman, Hans A1 - Moshontz, Hannah A1 - Beaudry, Jennifer L. A1 - Suchow, Jordan W. A1 - Chartier, Christopher R. A1 - Coles, Nicholas A. A1 - Sharifian, MohammadHasan A1 - Todsen, Anna Louise A1 - Levitan, Carmel A. A1 - Azevedo, Flávio A1 - Legate, Nicole A1 - Heller, Blake A1 - Rothman, Alexander J. A1 - Dorison, Charles A. A1 - Gill, Brian P. A1 - Wang, Ke A1 - Rees, Vaughan W. A1 - Gibbs, Nancy A1 - Goldenberg, Amit A1 - Thi Nguyen, Thuy-vy A1 - Gross, James J. A1 - Kaminski, Gwenaêl A1 - von Bastian, Claudia C. A1 - Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola A1 - Mosannenzadeh, Farnaz A1 - Azouaghe, Soufian A1 - Bran, Alexandre A1 - Ruiz-Fernandez, Susana A1 - Santos, Anabela Caetano A1 - Reggev, Niv A1 - Zickfeld, Janis H. A1 - Akkas, Handan A1 - Pantazi, Myrto A1 - Ropovik, Ivan A1 - Korbmacher, Max A1 - Arriaga, Patrícia A1 - Gjoneska, Biljana A1 - Warmelink, Lara A1 - Alves, Sara G. A1 - de Holanda Coelho, Gabriel Lins A1 - Stieger, Stefan A1 - Schei, Vidar A1 - Hanel, Paul H. P. A1 - Szaszi, Barnabas A1 - Fedotov, Maksim A1 - Antfolk, Jan A1 - Marcu, Gabriela-Mariana A1 - Schrötter, Jana A1 - Kunst, Jonas R. A1 - Geiger, Sandra J. A1 - Adetula, Adeyemi A1 - Kocalar, Halil Emre A1 - Kielińska, Julita A1 - Kačmár, Pavol A1 - Bokkour, Ahmed A1 - Galindo-Caballero, Oscar J. A1 - Djamai, Ikhlas A1 - Pöntinen, Sara Johanna A1 - AGESIN, Bamikole Emmanuel A1 - Jernsäther, Teodor A1 - Urooj, Anum A1 - Rachev, Nikolay R. A1 - Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria A1 - Kurfalı, Murathan A1 - Pit, Ilse L. A1 - Li, Ranran A1 - Çoksan, Sami A1 - Dubrov, Dmitrii A1 - Paltrow, Tamar Elise A1 - Baník, Gabriel A1 - Korobova, Tatiana A1 - Studzinska, Anna A1 - Jiang, Xiaoming A1 - Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R. A1 - Vintr, Jáchym A1 - Chiu, Faith A1 - Kaliska, Lada A1 - Berkessel, Jana B. A1 - Tümer, Murat A1 - Morales-Izquierdo, Sara A1 - Chuan-Peng, Hu A1 - Vezirian, Kevin A1 - Rosa, Anna Dalla A1 - Bialobrzeska, Olga A1 - Vasilev, Martin R. A1 - Beitner, Julia A1 - Kácha, Ondřej A1 - Žuro, Barbara A1 - Westerlund, Minja A1 - Nedelcheva-Datsova, Mina A1 - Findor, Andrej A1 - Krupić, Dajana A1 - Kowal, Marta A1 - Askelund, Adrian Dahl A1 - Pourafshari, Razieh A1 - Đorđević, Jasna Milošević A1 - Schmidt, Nadya-Daniela A1 - Baklanova, Ekaterina A1 - Szala, Anna A1 - Zakharov, Ilya A1 - Vranka, Marek A. A1 - Ihaya, Keiko A1 - Grano, Caterina A1 - Cellini, Nicola A1 - Białek, Michał A1 - Anton-Boicuk, Lisa A1 - Dalgar, Ilker A1 - Adıgüzel, Arca A1 - Verharen, Jeroen P. H. A1 - Maturan, Princess Lovella G. A1 - Kassianos, Angelos P. A1 - Oliveira, Raquel A1 - Čadek, Martin A1 - Adoric, Vera Cubela A1 - Özdoğru, Asil Ali A1 - Sverdrup, Therese E. A1 - Aczel, Balazs A1 - Zambrano, Danilo A1 - Ahmed, Afroja A1 - Tamnes, Christian K. A1 - Yamada, Yuki A1 - Volz, Leonhard A1 - Sunami, Naoyuki A1 - Suter, Lilian A1 - Vieira, Luc A1 - Groyecka-Bernard, Agata A1 - Kamburidis, Julia Arhondis A1 - Reips, Ulf-Dietrich A1 - Harutyunyan, Mikayel A1 - Adetula, Gabriel Agboola A1 - Allred, Tara Bulut A1 - Barzykowski, Krystian A1 - Antazo, Benedict G A1 - Zsido, Andras N. A1 - Šakan, Dušana Dušan A1 - Cyrus-Lai, Wilson A1 - Ahlgren, Lina Pernilla A1 - Hruška, Matej A1 - Vega, Diego A1 - Manunta, Efisio A1 - Mokady, Aviv A1 - Capizzi, Mariagrazia A1 - Martončik, Marcel A1 - Say, Nicolas A1 - Filip, Katarzyna A1 - Vilar, Roosevelt A1 - Staniaszek, Karolina A1 - Vdovic, Milica A1 - Adamkovic, Matus A1 - Johannes, Niklas A1 - Hajdu, Nandor A1 - Cohen, Noga A1 - Overkott, Clara A1 - Krupić, Dino A1 - Hubena, Barbora A1 - Nilsonne, Gustav A1 - Mioni, Giovanna A1 - Solorzano, Claudio Singh A1 - Ishii, Tatsunori A1 - Chen, Zhang A1 - Kushnir, Elizaveta A1 - Karaarslan, Cemre A1 - Ribeiro, Rafael R. A1 - Khaoudi, Ahmed A1 - Kossowska, Małgorzata A1 - Bavolar, Jozef A1 - Hoyer, Karlijn A1 - Roczniewska, Marta A1 - Karababa, Alper A1 - Becker, Maja A1 - Monteiro, Renan P. A1 - Kunisato, Yoshihiko A1 - Metin-Orta, Irem A1 - Adamus, Sylwia A1 - Kozma, Luca A1 - Czarnek, Gabriela A1 - Domurat, Artur A1 - Štrukelj, Eva A1 - Alvarez, Daniela Serrato A1 - Parzuchowski, Michal A1 - Massoni, Sébastien A1 - Czamanski-Cohen, Johanna A1 - Pronizius, Ekaterina A1 - Muchembled, Fany A1 - van Schie, Kevin A1 - Saçaklı, Aslı A1 - Hristova, Evgeniya A1 - Kuzminska, Anna O. A1 - Charyate, Abdelilah A1 - Bijlstra, Gijsbert A1 - Afhami, Reza A1 - Majeed, Nadyanna M. A1 - Musser, Erica D. A1 - Sirota, Miroslav A1 - Ross, Robert M. A1 - Yeung, Siu Kit A1 - Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta A1 - Foroni, Francesco A1 - Almeida, Inês A. T. A1 - Grigoryev, Dmitry A1 - Lewis, David M. G. A1 - Holford, Dawn L. A1 - Janssen, Steve M. J. A1 - Tatachari, Srinivasan A1 - Batres, Carlota A1 - Olofsson, Jonas K. A1 - Daches, Shimrit A1 - Belaus, Anabel A1 - Pfuhl, Gerit A1 - Corral-Frias, Nadia Sarai A1 - Sousa, Daniela A1 - Röer, Jan Philipp A1 - Isager, Peder Mortvedt A1 - Godbersen, Hendrik A1 - Walczak, Radoslaw B. A1 - Van Doren, Natalia A1 - Ren, Dongning A1 - Gill, Tripat A1 - Voracek, Martin A1 - DeBruine, Lisa M. A1 - Anne, Michele A1 - Očovaj, Sanja Batić A1 - Thomas, Andrew G. A1 - Arvanitis, Alexios A1 - Ostermann, Thomas A1 - Wolfe, Kelly A1 - Arinze, Nwadiogo Chisom A1 - Bundt, Carsten A1 - Lamm, Claus A1 - Calin-Jageman, Robert J A1 - Davis, William E. A1 - Karekla, Maria A1 - Zorjan, Saša A1 - Jaremka, Lisa M. A1 - Uttley, Jim A1 - Hricova, Monika A1 - Koehn, Monica A A1 - Kiselnikova, Natalia A1 - Bai, Hui A1 - Krafnick, Anthony J. A1 - Balci, Busra Bahar A1 - Ballantyne, Tonia A1 - Lins, Samuel A1 - Vally, Zahir A1 - Esteban-Serna, Celia A1 - Schmidt, Kathleen A1 - Macapagal, Paulo Manuel L. A1 - Szwed, Paulina A1 - Zdybek, Przemysław Marcin A1 - Moreau, David A1 - Collins, W. Matthew A1 - Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A. A1 - Vilares, Iris A1 - Tran, Ulrich S. A1 - Boudesseul, Jordane A1 - Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan A1 - Dixson, Barnaby James Wyld A1 - Perillo, Jennifer T A1 - Ferreira, Ana A1 - Westgate, Erin C. A1 - Aberson, Christopher L. A1 - Arinze, Azuka Ikechukwu A1 - Jaeger, Bastian A1 - Butt, Muhammad Mussaffa A1 - Silva, Jaime R. A1 - Storage, Daniel Shafik A1 - Janak, Allison P A1 - Jiménez-Leal, William A1 - Soto, Jose A. A1 - Sorokowska, Agnieszka A1 - McCarthy, Randy A1 - Tullett, Alexa M A1 - Frias-Armenta, Martha A1 - Ribeiro, Matheus Fernando Felix A1 - Hartanto, Andree A1 - Forbes, Paul A. G. A1 - Willis, Megan L. A1 - del Carmen Tejada R, María A1 - Torres, Adriana Julieth Olaya A1 - Stephen, Ian D A1 - Vaidis, David C. A1 - de la Rosa-Gómez, Anabel A1 - Yu, Karen A1 - Sutherland, Clare A. M. A1 - Manavalan, Mathi A1 - Behzadnia, Behzad A1 - Urban, Jan A1 - Baskin, Ernest A1 - McFall, Joseph P. A1 - Ogbonnaya, Chisom Esther A1 - Fu, Cynthia H. Y. A1 - Rahal, Rima-Maria A1 - Ndukaihe, Izuchukwu L. G. A1 - Hostler, Thomas J. A1 - Kappes, Heather Barry A1 - Sorokowski, Piotr A1 - Khosla, Meetu A1 - Lazarevic, Ljiljana B. A1 - Eudave, Luis A1 - Vilsmeier, Johannes K. A1 - Luis, Elkin O. A1 - Muda, Rafał A1 - Agadullina, Elena A1 - Cárcamo, Rodrigo A. A1 - Reeck, Crystal A1 - Anjum, Gulnaz A1 - Venegas, Mónica Camila Toro A1 - Misiak, Michal A1 - Ryan, Richard M. A1 - Nock, Nora L. A1 - Travaglino, Giovanni A. A1 - Mensink, Michael C. A1 - Feldman, Gilad A1 - Wichman, Aaron L. A1 - Chou, Weilun A1 - Ziano, Ignazio A1 - Seehuus, Martin A1 - Chopik, William J. A1 - Kung, Franki Y. H. A1 - Carpentier, Joelle A1 - Vaughn, Leigh Ann A1 - Du, Hongfei A1 - Xiao, Qinyu A1 - Lima, Tiago J. S. A1 - Noone, Chris A1 - Onie, Sandersan A1 - Verbruggen, Frederick A1 - Radtke, Theda A1 - Primbs, Maximilian A. T1 - The psychological science accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset T2 - Scientific Data Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01811-7 SN - 2052-4463 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bimböse, Martin A1 - Nicolay, Alexander A1 - Bryk, Alexander A1 - Schmidt, Karl-Heinz A1 - Morche, David T1 - Investigations on intra- and interannual coarse sediment dynamics in a high-mountain catchment T2 - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie : Supplementband Y1 - 2011 UR - http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/zfg_suppl/detail/55/75985/Investigations_on_intra_and_interannual_coarse_sediment_dynamics_in_a_high_mountain_river U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2011/0055S2-0046 VL - 55 IS - 2 SP - 67 EP - 81 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jahn, Stephan F. A1 - Blaudeck, Thomas A1 - Baumann, Reinhard R. A1 - Jakob, Alexander A1 - Ecorchard, Petra A1 - Rüffer, Tobias A1 - Lang, Heinrich A1 - Schmidt, Peer T1 - Inkjet Printing of Conductive Silver Patterns by Using the First Aqueous Particle-Free MOD Ink without Additional Stabilizing Ligands T2 - Chemistry of Materials N2 - The chemical and physical properties of [AgO2C(CH2OCH2)3H] (3) and its use as an aqueous, ligand-free MOD ink (MOD = metal−organic decomposition) for piezo inkjet printing is discussed. The printed, thermal, or photochemical sintered silver features are electrically conductive on glass (2.7 × 107 S m−1) and PET (PET = polyethylene terephthalate) substrates (1.1 × 107 S m−1) corresponding to 43% and 18% of the bulk silver conductivity. Conducted tape tests show the suitability of the ink for particularly polymer substrates. TG-MS studies demonstrate a two-step decomposition for the conversion of 3 to elemental silver. The structure of 3 in the solid state was determined by single X-ray structure determination. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cm9036428 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/cm9036428 SN - 1520-5002 VL - 22 IS - 10 SP - 3067 EP - 3071 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jahn, Stephan F. A1 - Jakob, Alexander A1 - Blaudeck, Thomas A1 - Schmidt, Peer A1 - Lang, Heinrich A1 - Baumann, Reinhard R. T1 - Inkjet printing of conductive patterns with an aqueous solution of [AgO2C(CH2OCH2)3H] without any additional stabilizing ligands T2 - Thin Solid Films N2 - The use of silver(I)-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]acetate, [AgO2C(CH2OCH2)3H], and its application as an aqueous metal-organic decomposition (MOD) inkjet ink is reported. The chemical and physical properties of the silver carboxylate and the ink formulated thereof are discussed. The ink meets all requirements of piezo driven inkjet printing. The printed features were converted into electrically conducting silver patterns by thermal or photo-thermal treatment. The conversion of [AgO2C(CH2OCH2)3H] to elemental silver follows a two-step decomposition as demonstrated by thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry (TG–MS) measurements. The measured conductivities of the printed features on glass and polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) are 2.7 × 107 S m−1 and 1.1 × 107 S m−1, respectively, which correspond to 43% (glass) and 18% (PET) of the bulk silver conductivity. KW - Inkjet printing KW - Silver KW - Carboxylate KW - Ethyleneglycol KW - Flexible electronics Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040609010000866 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2010.01.030 SN - 0040-6090 VL - 518 IS - 12 SP - 3218 EP - 3222 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pfister, Daniela A1 - Schäfer, Konrad A1 - Ott, Claudia A1 - Gerke, Birgit A1 - Pöttgen, Rainer A1 - Janka, Oliver A1 - Baumgartner, Maximilian A1 - Efimova, Anastasia A1 - Hohmann, Andrea A1 - Schmidt, Peer A1 - Venkatachalam, Sabarinathan A1 - Wüllen, Leo van A1 - Schürmann, Ulrich A1 - Kienle, Lorenz A1 - Duppel, Viola A1 - Parzinger, Eric A1 - Miller, Bastian A1 - Becker, Jonathan A1 - Holleitner, Alexander A1 - Weihrich, Richard A1 - Nilges, Tom T1 - Inorganic double helices in semiconducting SnIP T2 - Advanced Materials N2 - SnIP is the first atomic-scale double helical semiconductor featuring a 1.86 eV bandgap, high structural and mechanical flexibility, and reasonable thermal stability up to 600 K. It is accessible on a gram scale and consists of a racemic mixture of right- and left-handed double helices composed by [SnI] and [P] helices. SnIP nanorods <20 nm in diameter can be accessed mechanically and chemically within minutes. KW - Helical semiconductor Y1 - 2016 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201603135/full U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201603135 SN - 1521-4095 VL - 28 IS - 44 SP - 9783 EP - 9791 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zeugner, Alexander A1 - Kaiser, Martin A1 - Schmidt, Peer A1 - Menshchikova, Tatiana V. A1 - Rusinov, Igor P. A1 - Markelov, Anton V. A1 - Van den Broek, Wouter A1 - Chulkov, Evgueni V. A1 - Doert, Thomas A1 - Ruck, Michael A1 - Isaeva, Anna T1 - Modular Design with 2D Topological-Insulator Building Blocks: Optimized Synthesis and Crystal Growth and Crystal and Electronic Structures of BiₓTeI (x = 2, 3) T2 - Chemistry of Materials N2 - Structural engineering of topological bulk materials is systematically explored with regard to the incorporation of the buckled bismuth layer [Bi₂], which is a 2D topological insulator per se, into the layered BiTeI host structure. The previously known bismuth telluride iodides, BiTeI and Bi₂TeI, offer physical properties relevant for spintronics. Herewith a new cousin, Bi₃TeI (sp.gr. R3m, a = 440.12(2) pm, c = 3223.1(2) pm), joins the ranks and expands this structural family. Bi₃TeI = [Bi₂][BiTeI] represents a stack with strictly alternating building blocks. Conditions for reproducible synthesis and crystal-growth of Bi₂TeI and Bi₃TeI are ascertained, thus yielding platelet-like crystals on the millimeter size scale and enabling direct measurements. The crystal structures of Bi₂TeI and Bi₃TeI are examined by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. DFT calculations predict metallic properties of Bi₃TeI and an unconventional surface state residing on various surface terminations. This state emerges as a result of complex hybridization of atomic states due to their strong intermixing. Our study does not support the existence of new stacking variants BiₓTeI with x > 3; instead, it indicates a possible homogeneity range of Bi₃TeI. The series BiTeI–Bi₂TeI–Bi₃TeI illustrates the influence of structural modifications on topological properties. KW - Crytal growth KW - Topological insulator KW - Crystal structure KW - Electronic structure KW - Bismuth layered compounds Y1 - 2017 UR - http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b05038 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b05038 SN - 0897-4756 SN - 1520-5002 VL - 29 IS - 3 SP - 1321 EP - 1337 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pfetsch, Marc E. A1 - Fügenschuh, Armin A1 - Geißler, Björn A1 - Geißler, Nina A1 - Gollmer, Ralf A1 - Hiller, Benjamin A1 - Humpola, Jesco A1 - Koch, Thorsten A1 - Lehmann, Thomas A1 - Martin, Alexander A1 - Morsi, Antonio A1 - Rövekamp, Jessica A1 - Schewe, Lars A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Schultz, Rüdiger A1 - Schwarz, Robert A1 - Schweiger, Jonas A1 - Stangl, Claudia A1 - Steinbach, Marc C. A1 - Vigerske, Stefan A1 - Willert, Bernhard M. T1 - Validation of Nominations in Gas Network Optimization: Models, Methods, and Solutions T2 - Optimization Methods and Software Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10556788.2014.888426 SN - 1055-6788 SN - 1029-4937 VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 15 EP - 53 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fügenschuh, Armin A1 - Geißler, Björn A1 - Gollmer, Ralf A1 - Hayn, Christine A1 - Henrion, René A1 - Hiller, Benjamin A1 - Humpola, Jesco A1 - Koch, Thorsten A1 - Lehmann, Thomas A1 - Martin, Alexander A1 - Mirkov, Radoslava A1 - Morsi, Antonio A1 - Rövekamp, Jessica A1 - Schewe, Lars A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Schultz, Rüdiger A1 - Schwarz, Robert A1 - Schweiger, Jonas A1 - Stangl, Claudia A1 - Steinbach, Marc C. A1 - Willert, Bernhard M. T1 - Mathematical Optimization for Challenging Network Planning Problems in Un- bundled Liberalized Gas Markets T2 - Energy Systems Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12667-013-0099-8 SN - 1868-3975 SN - 1868-3967 VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 449 EP - 473 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Charissé, Daniel A1 - Erus, Guray A1 - Pomponio, Raymond A1 - Gorges, Martin A1 - Schmidt, Nele A1 - Schneider, Christine A1 - Liepelt-Scarfone, Inga A1 - Riedel, Oliver A1 - Reetz, Kathrin A1 - Schulz, Jörg B. A1 - Berg, Daniela A1 - Storch, Alexander A1 - Witt, Karsten A1 - Dodel, Richard A1 - Kalbe, Elke A1 - Kassubek, Jan A1 - Hilker-Roggendorf, Rüdiger A1 - Baudrexel, Simon T1 - Brain age and Alzheimer's-like atrophy are domain-specific predictors of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease T2 - Neurobiology of Aging N2 - Recently, it was shown that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who exhibit an “Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like” pattern of brain atrophy are at greater risk for future cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate whether this association is domain-specific and whether atrophy associated with brain aging also relates to cognitive impairment in PD. SPARE-AD, an MRI index capturing AD-like atrophy, and atrophy-based estimates of brain age were computed from longitudinal structural imaging data of 178 PD patients and 84 healthy subjects from the LANDSCAPE cohort. All patients underwent an extensive neuropsychological test battery. Patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment or dementia were found to have higher SPARE-AD scores as compared to patients with normal cognition and healthy controls. All patient groups showed increased brain age. SPARE-AD predicted impairment in memory, language and executive functions, whereas advanced brain age was associated with deficits in attention and working memory. Data suggest that SPARE-AD and brain age are differentially related to domain-specific cognitive decline in PD. The underlying pathomechanisms remain to be determined. KW - Alzheimer's disease KW - Brain Age KW - MRI KW - Parkinson's disease KW - Pattern classification Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197458021002748?via%3Dihub U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.08.020 SN - 0197-4580 VL - 109 SP - 31 EP - 42 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Florian, Tobias A1 - Schricker, Klaus A1 - Zenz, Constantin A1 - Otto, Andreas A1 - Schmidt, Leander A1 - Diegel, Christian A1 - Friedmann, Hannes A1 - Seibold, Marc A1 - Hellwig, Peter A1 - Fröhlich, Fabian A1 - Nagel, Falk A1 - Kallage, Peter A1 - Buttazzoni, Michele A1 - Rack, Alexander A1 - Requardt, Herwig A1 - Chen, Yunhui A1 - Bergmann, Jean Pierre T1 - Combining in situ synchrotron X-ray imaging and multiphysics simulation to reveal pore formation dynamics in laser welding of copper T2 - International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture N2 - Laser beam welding has emerged as a powerful tool for manufacturing copper components in electrical vehicles, electronic devices or energy storage, owing to its rapid processing capabilities. Nonetheless, the material’s high thermal conductivity and low absorption of infrared light can introduce process instabilities, resulting in defects such as pores. This study employs a hybrid approach that combines in situ synchrotron X-ray imaging with compressible multiphysics process simulation to elucidate pore-forming mechanisms during laser beam welding of copper. High-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging with an acquisition rate of 20,000 images/second facilitates the identification of relevant process regimes concerning pore formation during laser beam welding of copper with a wavelength of 1070 nm. Furthermore, in situ observations with high temporal and spatial resolution present a unique database for extensive validation of a multi-physics process simulation based on welding processes using different concentric intensity distributions. These validated simulation results enable thorough comprehension of process-related pore formation based on the interaction between keyhole, melt pool and resulting flow field. The findings show that pore formation is driven by four different mechanisms: bulging, spiking, upwelling waves at the keyhole rear wall and melt pool ejections. The synergy of high- speed synchrotron X-ray imaging and multi-physics modeling provides a fundamental understanding of the chronological sequence of events leading to process-related pore formation during laser beam welding of copper. KW - In situ high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging KW - Multi-physics simulation KW - Laser beam welding KW - Copper KW - Pore formation KW - Concentric intensity distributions Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2024.104224 SN - 0890-6955 VL - 204 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - GEN A1 - Vinokurova, Ekaterina A1 - Knorr, Monika A1 - Efimova, Anastasia A1 - Ovchinnikov, Alexander A1 - Schmidt, Peer A1 - Büchner, Bernd A1 - Isaeva, Anna A1 - Roslova, Maria T1 - Microstructural evolution of layered K-doped RuCl3 during annealing traced by thermogravimetric analysis and 3D electron diffraction T2 - Zeitschrift für Anorgische und Allgemeine Chemie N2 - Nanoscale phase separation was induced in the K-doped RuCl3 van der Waals material by annealing, and studied with the goal to find a natural design strategy for the formation of two-dimensional architectures as an alternative to the costly and time-consuming experimental artificial growth methods. Phase conversion was traced by means of thermogravimetric analysis combined with mass spectrometry. The local crystal structure of co-existing K3Ru2Cl9 domains with the sizes of about 100 nm was solved by 3D electron diffraction. KW - 2D layered compounds KW - Chemical vapor transport KW - Crystal growth KW - Crystal structure KW - Halides KW - Thermal analysis Y1 - 2023 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/zaac.202300141 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.202300141 SN - 0044-2313 SN - 1521-3749 VL - 649 IS - 19 SP - 1 EP - 8 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schmidt, Alexander A1 - Jensch, Felix A1 - Härtel, Sebastian T1 - Multi-material additive manufacturing-functionally graded materials by means of laser remelting during laser powder bed fusion T2 - Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering N2 - Many processes may be used for manufacturing functionally graded materials. Among them, additive manufacturing seems to be predestined due to near-net shape manufacturing of complex geometries combined with the possibility of applying different materials in one component. By adjusting the powder composition of the starting material layer by layer, a macroscopic and step-like gradient can be achieved. To further improve the step-like gradient, an enhancement of the in-situ mixing degree, which is limited according to the state of the art, is necessary. In this paper, a novel technique for an enhancement of the in-situ material mixing degree in the melt pool by applying laser remelting (LR) is described. The effect of layer-wise LR on the formation of the interface was investigated using pure copper and low-alloy steel in a laser powder bed fusion process. Subsequent cross-sectional selective electron microscopic analyses were carried out. By applying LR, the mixing degree was enhanced, and the reaction zone thickness between the materials was increased. Moreover, an additional copper and iron-based phase was formed in the interface, resulting in a smoother gradient of the chemical composition than the case without LR. The Marangoni convection flow and thermal diffusion are the driving forces for the observed effect. KW - multi-material additive manufacturing (MMAM) KW - functionally graded materials (FGMs) KW - laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) KW - laser remelting (LR) KW - pure copper Y1 - 2023 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11465-023-0765-z U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-023-0765-z SN - 2095-0233 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 11 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Diegel, Christian A1 - Schricker, Klaus A1 - Schmidt, Leander A1 - Seibold, Marc A1 - Friedmann, Hannes A1 - Hellwig, Peter A1 - Fröhlich, Fabian A1 - Nagel, Falk A1 - Kallage, Peter A1 - Rack, Alexander A1 - Requardt, Herwig A1 - Chen, Yunhui A1 - Bergmann, Jean Pierre T1 - In situ characterization of keyhole behavior and spatter formation in full penetration laser beam welding with local gas flow using high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging T2 - Optics & laser technology N2 - Spatter formation is a major issue at welding speeds above 8 m/min for full penetration laser beam welding of high-alloyed steels. In experiments using a local gas flow directed at the keyhole rear wall, a reduction in spatter formation on the specimen top side was observed for welding of AISI 304. However, the interaction between gas flow and keyhole behavior with respect to the mechanisms and locations of spatter detachment, especially on the bottom side, is not yet fully understood. High-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging enables detailed insights into the keyhole behavior and the spatter formation to obtain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms. During the reference experiments welding without shielding gas flow, the spatter detach from a melt pool swelling behind the keyhole aperture on both sides of the sheet. A gas flow with a low flow rate of 4.8 L/min reduces the spatter formation on the top side and the keyhole length due to the absence of oxygen affecting the surface tension. A swelling also forms on the keyhole front on the bottom side and small spatter detach undirected. Increasing the flow rate to 12.8 L/min elongates the keyhole, particularly on the specimen top side. The increased momentum transfer of the gas flow results in a periodic keyhole oscillation on the specimen top side. In combination with an elongated melt pool, the oscillation is directly correlated with the hump formation, caused by melt being pushed over the already solidified weld seam. In addition, spatter does not detach from the top side due to the changed melt flow and only detach from the keyhole front on the bottom side. KW - Laser welding KW - Spatter formation KW - Gas flow KW - High-speed X-ray imaging KW - Synchrotron KW - In situ Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113367 SN - 0030-3992 VL - 191 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Elsevier BV CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Veldkamp, Edzo A1 - Schmidt, Marcus A1 - Markwitz, Christian A1 - Beule, Lukas A1 - Beuschel, René A1 - Biertümpfel, Andrea A1 - Bischel, Xenia A1 - Duan, Xiaohong A1 - Gerjets, Rowena A1 - Göbel, Leonie A1 - Graß, Rüdiger A1 - Guerra, Victor A1 - Heinlein, Florian A1 - Komainda, Martin A1 - Langhof, Maren A1 - Luo, Jie A1 - Potthoff, Martin A1 - Ramshorst, Justus G. V. van A1 - Rudolf, Carolin A1 - Seserman, Diana-Maria A1 - Shao, Guodong A1 - Siebicke, Lukas A1 - Svoboda, Nikolai A1 - Swieter, Anita A1 - Carminati, Andrea A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Graf, Torsten A1 - Greef, Jörg M. A1 - Isselstein, Johannes A1 - Jansen, Martin A1 - Karlovsky, Petr A1 - Knohl, Alexander A1 - Lamersdorf, Norbert A1 - Priesack, Eckart A1 - Wachendorf, Christine A1 - Wachendorf, Michael A1 - Corre, Marife D. T1 - Multifunctionality of temperate alley-cropping agroforestry outperforms open cropland and grassland T2 - Communications Earth & Environment N2 - AbstractIntensively managed open croplands are highly productive but often have deleterious environmental impacts. Temperate agroforestry potentially improves ecosystem functions, although comprehensive analysis is lacking. Here, we measured primary data on 47 indicators of seven ecosystem functions in croplands and 16 indicators of four ecosystem functions in grasslands to assess how alley-cropping agroforestry performs compared to open cropland and grassland. Carbon sequestration, habitat for soil biological activity, and wind erosion resistance improved for cropland agroforestry (P ≤ 0.03) whereas only carbon sequestration improved for grassland agroforestry (P < 0.01). In cropland agroforestry, soil nutrient cycling, soil greenhouse gas abatement, and water regulation did not improve, due to customary high fertilization rates. Alley-cropping agroforestry increased multifunctionality, compared to open croplands. To ameliorate the environmental benefits of agroforestry, more efficient use of nutrients is required. Financial incentives should focus on conversion of open croplands to alley-cropping agroforestry and incorporate fertilizer management. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00680-1 SN - 2662-4435 VL - 4 IS - 1 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schricker, Klaus A1 - Schmidt, Leander A1 - Nagel, Falk A1 - Diegel, Christian A1 - Friedmann, Hannes A1 - Seibold, Marc A1 - Hellwig, Peter A1 - Fröhlich, Fabian A1 - Kallage, Peter A1 - Chen, Yunhui A1 - Requardt, Herwig A1 - Rack, Alexander A1 - Bergmann, Jean Pierre T1 - A comprehensive study on the influence of spatial power distribution on time-dependent keyhole behavior in laser beam welding of copper by means of high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging T2 - Optics & laser technology N2 - This paper examines the impact of spatial power distributions on the time-dependent keyhole behavior during laser beam welding of copper using high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging. The experimental setup utilized a COHERENT HighLight FL8000-ARM fiber laser with concentric intensity distribution created by an optical fiber cable. The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, beamline ID19) was used to conduct high-speed synchrotron imaging at 20,000 images per second to study the spatio-temporal keyhole behavior. Keyhole geometries were extracted through advanced image processing techniques, allowing quantification of parameters like depth, aperture, bulging, and determination of related oscillation frequencies. The results showed that core-dominated processes exhibit significant variations in keyhole geometry. In contrast, ring-dominated processes exhibited reduced penetration depths but increased melt pool dynamics due to altered absorption conditions and increased temperatures within the melt pool. A stabilized core-ring power distribution minimized fluctuations, resulting in improved process stability. The findings were summarized in a model concept describing three characteristic keyhole regimes: core-dominated, ring-dominated, and stabilized core-ring processes. KW - Laser welding KW - Synchrotron KW - In situ KW - Copper KW - Intensity, spatial power distribution Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113999 SN - 0030-3992 VL - 192, Part E SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Elsevier BV CY - Amsterdam ER -