<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>6742</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2011</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>articler</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2012-01-17</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Cliff-like conduction band offset and KCN-induced recombination barrier enhancement at the CdS/Cu2ZnSnS4 thin-film solar cell heterojunction</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The electronic structure of the CdS/Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) heterojunction was investigated by direct and inverse photoemission. The effects of a KCN etch of the CZTS absorber prior to CdS deposition on the band alignment at the respective interface were studied. We find a “cliff”-like conduction band offset at the CdS/CZTS interface independent of absorber pretreatment and a significant etch-induced enhancement of the energetic barrier for charge carrier recombination across the CdS/CZTS interface.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="UBICOIdent">007926</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="UBICOquelle">Applied physics letters  99(2011)222105, 0003-6951</enrichment>
    <author>
      <firstName>Marcus</firstName>
      <lastName>Bär</lastName>
    </author>
    <submitter>
      <firstName>...</firstName>
      <lastName>Administrator</lastName>
    </submitter>
    <author>
      <firstName>Björn-Arvid</firstName>
      <lastName>Schubert</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Björn</firstName>
      <lastName>Marsen</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Regan G.</firstName>
      <lastName>Wilks</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Sujitra</firstName>
      <lastName>Pookpanratana</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Monika</firstName>
      <lastName>Blum</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Stefan</firstName>
      <lastName>Krause</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Thomas</firstName>
      <lastName>Unold</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Wan Li</firstName>
      <lastName>Yang</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Lothar</firstName>
      <lastName>Weinhardt</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Clemens</firstName>
      <lastName>Heske</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Hans-Werner</firstName>
      <lastName>Schock</lastName>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>kesterite</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>thin-film solar cells</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>energy band alignment</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="old_institute" number="01002">JP Photovoltaik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="1523">JP Photovoltaik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>6744</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2011</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>articler</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2012-01-17</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Soft x-ray emission spectroscopy studies of the electronic structure of silicon supersaturated with sulfur</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We apply soft x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) to measure the electronic structure of crystalline silicon supersaturated with sulfur (up to 0.7 at. %), a candidate intermediate-band solar cell material. Si L2,3 emission features are observed above the conventional Si valence band maximum, with intensity scaling linearly with S concentration. The lineshape of the S-induced features change across the insulator-to-metal transition, indicating a significant modification of the local electronic structure concurrent with the change in macroscopic electronic behavior. The relationship between the Si L2,3 XES spectral features and the anomalously high sub-band gap infrared absorption is discussed.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="UBICOIdent">007928</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="UBICOquelle">Applied physics letters 99(2011)142102, 0003-6951</enrichment>
    <author>
      <firstName>J. T.</firstName>
      <lastName>Sullivan</lastName>
    </author>
    <submitter>
      <firstName>...</firstName>
      <lastName>Administrator</lastName>
    </submitter>
    <author>
      <firstName>Regan G.</firstName>
      <lastName>Wilks</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>M. T.</firstName>
      <lastName>Winkler</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Lothar</firstName>
      <lastName>Weinhardt</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>D.</firstName>
      <lastName>Recht</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>A. J.</firstName>
      <lastName>Said</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>B. K.</firstName>
      <lastName>Newman</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Y.</firstName>
      <lastName>Zhang</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Monika</firstName>
      <lastName>Blum</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>S.</firstName>
      <lastName>Krause</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Wan Li</firstName>
      <lastName>Yang</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Clemens</firstName>
      <lastName>Heske</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>M. J.</firstName>
      <lastName>Aziz</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Marcus</firstName>
      <lastName>Bär</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>T.</firstName>
      <lastName>Buonassisi</lastName>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>black silicon</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>solar cells</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>electronic surface structure</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>x-ray emission spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="old_institute" number="01002">JP Photovoltaik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="1523">JP Photovoltaik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>9646</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2012</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1097</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1104</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>8</issue>
    <volume>27</volume>
    <type>articler</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2013-10-10</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Cu2ZnSnS4 thin-film solar cell absorbers illuminated by soft x-rays</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In view of the complexity of thin-film solar cells, which are comprised of a multitude of layers, interfaces, surfaces, elements, impurities, etc., it is crucial to characterize and understand the&#13;
chemical and electronic structure of these components. Because of the high complexity of the Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 compound semiconductor absorber material alone, this is particularly true for kesterite-based devices. Hence, this paper reviews our recent progress in the characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films. It is demonstrated that a combination of different soft x-ray spectroscopies is an extraordinarily powerful method for illuminating the chemical and electronic material characteristics from many different perspectives, ultimately resulting in a comprehensive picture of these properties. The focus of the article will be on secondary impurity phases, electronic structure, native oxidation, and the CZTS surface composition.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Materials Research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1557/jmr.2012.59</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2044-5326</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BTU">an der BTU erstellt / created at BTU</enrichment>
    <submitter>
      <firstName>Marcus</firstName>
      <lastName>Bär</lastName>
    </submitter>
    <author>
      <firstName>Marcus</firstName>
      <lastName>Bär</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Björn-Arvid</firstName>
      <lastName>Schubert</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Björn</firstName>
      <lastName>Marsen</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Regan G.</firstName>
      <lastName>Wilks</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>M.</firstName>
      <lastName>Blum</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>S.</firstName>
      <lastName>Krause</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Sujitra</firstName>
      <lastName>Pookpanratana</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Y.</firstName>
      <lastName>Zhang</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Thomas</firstName>
      <lastName>Unold</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>W.</firstName>
      <lastName>Yang</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Lothar</firstName>
      <lastName>Weinhardt</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Clemens</firstName>
      <lastName>Heske</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Hans-Werner</firstName>
      <lastName>Schock</lastName>
    </author>
    <collection role="old_institute" number="01002">JP Photovoltaik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="1523">JP Photovoltaik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>9647</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2012</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>144311</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>14</issue>
    <volume>136</volume>
    <type>articler</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2013-10-10</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Nuclear dynamics and spectator effects in resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering of gas-phase water molecules</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The electronic structure of gas-phase H2O and D2O molecules has been investigated using resonant&#13;
inelastic soft x-ray scattering (RIXS). We observe spectator shifts for all valence orbitals when&#13;
exciting into the lowest three absorption resonances. Strong changes of the relative valence orbital&#13;
emission intensities are found when exciting into the different absorption resonances, which can be&#13;
related to the angular anisotropy of the RIXS process. Furthermore, excitation into the 4a1 resonance&#13;
leads to nuclear dynamics on the time scale of the RIXS process; we find evidence for vibrational&#13;
coupling and molecular dissociation in both, the spectator and the participant emission.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The journal of chemical physics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1089-7690</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BTU">an der BTU erstellt / created at BTU</enrichment>
    <submitter>
      <firstName>Marcus</firstName>
      <lastName>Bär</lastName>
    </submitter>
    <author>
      <firstName>Lothar</firstName>
      <lastName>Weinhardt</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Andreas</firstName>
      <lastName>Benkert</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Frank</firstName>
      <lastName>Meyer</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Monika</firstName>
      <lastName>Blum</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Regan G.</firstName>
      <lastName>Wilks</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Wan Li</firstName>
      <lastName>Yang</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Marcus</firstName>
      <lastName>Bär</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Friedrich</firstName>
      <lastName>Reinert</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Clemens</firstName>
      <lastName>Heske</lastName>
    </author>
    <collection role="old_institute" number="01002">JP Photovoltaik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="1523">JP Photovoltaik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>9653</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>034306</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume>138</volume>
    <type>articler</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2013-10-10</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Non-equivalent carbon atoms in the resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering map of cysteine</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering (RIXS) was used to study the electronic structure of solid&#13;
cysteine films. A RIXS map approach, i.e., plotting the x-ray emission intensity as a function of&#13;
excitation and emission energy, allows us to separate the contributions of the three chemically nonequivalent&#13;
carbon atoms in cysteine. In particular, we can identify orbitals localized near the photoexcited&#13;
atoms, as well as orbitals that are delocalized over the entire molecule.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The journal of chemical physics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1089-7690</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BTU">an der BTU erstellt / created at BTU</enrichment>
    <submitter>
      <firstName>Marcus</firstName>
      <lastName>Bär</lastName>
    </submitter>
    <author>
      <firstName>Frank</firstName>
      <lastName>Meyer</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Lothar</firstName>
      <lastName>Weinhardt</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Mia</firstName>
      <lastName>Blum</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Marcus</firstName>
      <lastName>Bär</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Regan G.</firstName>
      <lastName>Wilks</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Wooyong</firstName>
      <lastName>Yang</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Clemens</firstName>
      <lastName>Heske</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>F.</firstName>
      <lastName>Reinert</lastName>
    </author>
    <collection role="old_institute" number="01002">JP Photovoltaik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="1523">JP Photovoltaik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>9654</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>828</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>832</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>3</volume>
    <type>articler</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2013-10-10</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Surface Off-Stoichiometry of CuInS2 Thin-Film Solar Cell Absorbers</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In this paper, X-ray photoelectron and X-ray-excited&#13;
Auger electron spectroscopy was used to investigate the chemical&#13;
surface structure of CuInS2 thin-film solar cell absorbers.We find&#13;
that the [In]/[Cu] surface composition can vary between 1.6 (±0.4)&#13;
and 3.7 (±0.7), depending on relatively minor variations in the absorber&#13;
formation process and/or whether additional wet-chemical&#13;
treatments are performed. These variations are primarily due to&#13;
differences in the Cu surface concentration. The corresponding&#13;
change of the modified In Auger parameter is interpreted as being&#13;
indicative of a change in the chemical environment of In as a&#13;
function of Cu off-stoichiometry.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2156-3381</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=6380521</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BTU">an der BTU erstellt / created at BTU</enrichment>
    <submitter>
      <firstName>Marcus</firstName>
      <lastName>Bär</lastName>
    </submitter>
    <author>
      <firstName>Marcus</firstName>
      <lastName>Bär</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Joachim</firstName>
      <lastName>Klaer</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Roberto Felix</firstName>
      <lastName>Duarte</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Nicolas</firstName>
      <lastName>Barreau</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Lothar</firstName>
      <lastName>Weinhardt</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Regan G.</firstName>
      <lastName>Wilks</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Clemens</firstName>
      <lastName>Heske</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Hans-Werner</firstName>
      <lastName>Schock</lastName>
    </author>
    <collection role="old_institute" number="01002">JP Photovoltaik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="1523">JP Photovoltaik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>9657</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>777</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>781</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>3</volume>
    <type>articler</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2013-10-10</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Cu 2−x S Surface Phases and Their Impact on the Electronic Structure of CuInS 2 Thin Films – A Hidden Parameter in Solar Cell Optimization</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The surface properties of CuInS 2 (CIS) thin-fi lm solar cell absorbers are&#13;
investigated by a combination of electron and soft X-ray spectroscopies.&#13;
Spatially separated regions of varying colors are observed and identifi ed to&#13;
be dominated by either CuS or Cu 2 S surface phases. After their removal by&#13;
KCN etching, the samples cannot be distinguished by eye and the CIS surface&#13;
is found to be Cu-defi cient in both regions. However, a signifi cantly more&#13;
pronounced off-stoichiometry in the region initially covered by Cu 2 S can be&#13;
identifi ed. In this region, the resulting surface band gap is also signifi cantly&#13;
larger than the E g Surf of the initially CuS-terminated region. Such variations&#13;
may represent a hidden parameter which, if overlooked, induces irreproducibility&#13;
and thus prevents systematic optimization efforts.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advanced Energy Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1614-6840</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BTU">an der BTU erstellt / created at BTU</enrichment>
    <submitter>
      <firstName>Marcus</firstName>
      <lastName>Bär</lastName>
    </submitter>
    <author>
      <firstName>Marcus</firstName>
      <lastName>Bär</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Joachim</firstName>
      <lastName>Klaer</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Lothar</firstName>
      <lastName>Weinhardt</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Regan G.</firstName>
      <lastName>Wilks</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Stefan</firstName>
      <lastName>Krause</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Monika</firstName>
      <lastName>Blum</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Wan Li</firstName>
      <lastName>Yang</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Clemens</firstName>
      <lastName>Heske</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Hans-Werner</firstName>
      <lastName>Schock</lastName>
    </author>
    <collection role="old_institute" number="01002">JP Photovoltaik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="1523">JP Photovoltaik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>19004</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>SPIE</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Bellingham, Wash.</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2017-03-06</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Microcrystalline silicon oxides for silicon-based solar cells: Impact of the O/Si ratio on the electronic structure</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Thin films for solar and energy technology VI : 17, 18 and 20 August 2014, San Diego, California, United States</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1117/12.2061902</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-62841-204-8</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BTU">an der BTU erstellt / created at BTU</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="UBICOseries">Proceedings of SPIE ; 9177</enrichment>
    <author>
      <firstName>Marcus</firstName>
      <lastName>Bär</lastName>
    </author>
    <submitter>
      <firstName>Marion</firstName>
      <lastName>Tülling</lastName>
    </submitter>
    <editor>
      <firstName>Louay A.</firstName>
      <lastName>Eldada</lastName>
    </editor>
    <author>
      <firstName>David E.</firstName>
      <lastName>Starr</lastName>
    </author>
    <editor>
      <firstName>Michael J.</firstName>
      <lastName>Heben</lastName>
    </editor>
    <author>
      <firstName>Andreas</firstName>
      <lastName>Lambertz</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>B.</firstName>
      <lastName>Holländer</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Jan Hendrik</firstName>
      <lastName>Alsmeier</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Lothar</firstName>
      <lastName>Weinhardt</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Mia</firstName>
      <lastName>Blum</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
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