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    <title language="eng">Interturn fault detection in PMSMs : two adaptive observer-based noise insensitive solutions</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In this article, we address the problem of online detection of interturn short-circuit faults (ITSCFs) that occur in interior- and surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). We propose two solutions to this problem: 1)a very simple linear observer and 2) a generalized parameter estimation-based observer, that incorporates a high performance estimator—with both observers detecting the short-circuit current and the fault intensity. Although the first solution guarantees the detection of the fault exponentially fast, the rate of convergence is fully determined by the motor parameters that, in some cases, may be too slow. The second observer, on the other hand, ensures finite convergence time (FCT) under the weakest assumption of interval excitation (IE). To make the observers adaptive, we develop a parameter estimator that, in the case of surface-mounted motors, estimates online (exponentially fast) the resistance and inductance of the motor. It should be underscored that, in contrast with existing observers (including the widely popular Kalman filter) that provide indirect information of the fault current, our observers provide an explicit one—namely the amplitude of the fault current. An additional advantage of the observers is that they do not require the knowledge of the motor currents, making them insensitive to current measurement noise. The performance of both observers, in their linear and generalized parameter estimation-based versions, is illustrated with realistic simulation studies.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">IEEE transactions on control systems technology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1109/TCST.2025.3612450</identifier>
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      <firstName>Romeo</firstName>
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      <firstName>Danny</firstName>
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      <firstName>Alexey</firstName>
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      <firstName>Leyan</firstName>
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      <firstName>Oscar</firstName>
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      <firstName>Johannes</firstName>
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      <value>Adaptive observer</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Generalized parameter estimation-based observer (GPEBO)</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Interturn short-circuit faults (ITSCFs)</value>
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      <value>Linear observer</value>
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    <title language="eng">A finite-time convergent primal-dual gradient dynamics based on the multivariable super-twisting algorithm</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We propose a novel primal-dual gradient dynamics (PDGD) algorithm to dynamically solve an optimization problem with linear equality constraints in finite time. To ensure finite-time convergence, we endow the PDGD with suitable homogeneity properties. More precisely, departing from the standard PDGD and based on the associated Lagrangian of the optimization problem, the algorithm is derived by suitably combining a change of coordinates of the standard PDGD with the multivariable super-twisting algorithm. In our new coordinates, the proposed PDGD’s global convergence to the optimal solution of the optimization problem is then proven via a smooth, strong Lyapunov function. Additionally, we provide a numerical example to compare the performance of our algorithm with existing approaches from the literature.</abstract>
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    <title language="eng">A third-order bl-homogeneous sliding mode observer for uncertain triangular nonlinear systems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In this paper, we propose a global third-order homogeneous in the bi-limit sliding mode observer (BL-H SMO) that can estimate the states of an uncertain nonlinear system with unknown inputs in finite time. The system must be strongly observable w.r.t. unknown inputs (UIs) and uniformly observable w.r.t. known inputs. To handle the UIs and non-Lipschitz nonlinearities, the proposed observer combines sliding-mode and high-gain observers, extending the generalized super-twisting observer. The convergence of the BL-H SMO to the system states is proven through a Lyapunov function. Finally, to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed method, the paper includes an academic example and a practical example, namely a three-phase converter with LCL-filter.</abstract>
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    <title language="eng">Hydraulic actuator control based on continuous higher order sliding modes</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This paper presents the robust trajectory tracking of a hydraulic cylinder using an output feedback sliding mode technique. The proposed control scheme relies only on measuring the position of the cylinder rod. A robust, exact, finite-time observer of the output’s derivatives is provided to attain the control goal. Then, a continuous third-order sliding mode controller for the system with relative degree three is designed using the estimated derivatives. It is shown that the separation principle can be used for the closed-loop system, which includes the higher-order sliding mode observer and the controller. The paper includes experimental results on a hydraulic setup in which a second energized cylinder is also connected in an antagonistic way to produce external dynamic disturbances and demonstrate the control method’s feasibility and robustness.</abstract>
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      <lastName>Estrada</lastName>
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      <value>Robust control</value>
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      <value>Higher order sliding mode</value>
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      <value>Observer design</value>
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    <title language="eng">Output feedback control of nonlinear systems via Lipschitz continuous sliding modes</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This letter proposes a Lipschitz continuous output feedback sliding mode control law applicable to systems of arbitrary relative degree. The proposed controller compensates for non-vanishing perturbations with bounded time derivatives while ensuring finite-time stability of the origin. The finite-time stability of the closed-loop system is established using Lyapunov methods, leveraging the weighted homogeneity properties of both the controller and the observer. Furthermore, the observer and controller can be designed independently, thereby establishing a form of separation principle. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulation.</abstract>
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      <lastName>Nowotnick</lastName>
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      <value>Finite-time convergence</value>
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    <subject>
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      <type>uncontrolled</type>
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