<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>32552</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>11</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>articler</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2024-01-19</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Reviewing War: Unconventional User Reviews as a Side Channel to Circumvent Information Controls</title>
    <abstract language="eng">During the first days of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia’s media regulator blocked access to many global social media&#13;
platforms and news sites, including Twitter, Facebook, and the&#13;
BBC. To bypass the information controls set by Russian authorities,&#13;
pro-Ukrainian groups explored unconventional ways to reach out&#13;
to the Russian population, such as posting war-related content in&#13;
the user reviews of Russian business available on Google Maps or&#13;
Tripadvisor. This paper provides a first analysis of this new phenomenon by analyzing the creative strategies to avoid state censorship.&#13;
Specifically, we analyze reviews posted on these platforms from&#13;
the beginning of the conflict to September 2022. We measure the&#13;
channeling of war messages through user reviews in Tripadvisor&#13;
and Google Maps, as well as in VK, a popular Russian social network.&#13;
Our analysis of the content posted on these services reveals&#13;
that users leveraged these platforms to seek and exchange humanitarian&#13;
and travel advice, but also to disseminate disinformation and&#13;
polarized messages. Finally, we analyze the response of platforms&#13;
in terms of content moderation and their impact.</abstract>
    <identifier type="url">https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.00598</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.48550/arXiv.2302.00598</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BTU">an der BTU erstellt / created at BTU</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Fprofil">4 Künstliche Intelligenz und Sensorik / Artificial Intelligence and Sensor Technology</enrichment>
    <author>
      <firstName>José Miguel</firstName>
      <lastName>Moreno</lastName>
    </author>
    <submitter>
      <firstName>Katrin</firstName>
      <lastName>Willhöft</lastName>
    </submitter>
    <author>
      <firstName>Sergio</firstName>
      <lastName>Pastrana</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Jens Helge</firstName>
      <lastName>Reelfs</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Pelayo</firstName>
      <lastName>Vallina</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Andriy</firstName>
      <lastName>Panchenko</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Georgios</firstName>
      <lastName>Smaragdakis</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Oliver</firstName>
      <lastName>Hohlfeld</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Narseo</firstName>
      <lastName>Vallina-Rodriguez</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Juan</firstName>
      <lastName>Tapiador</lastName>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Side Channels</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Disinformation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Propaganda</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>User-Generated Content</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Russia</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ukraine</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tripadvisor</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Google Maps</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>VKontakte</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="1205">FG IT-Sicherheit</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
