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    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
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    <issue>11</issue>
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    <completedDate>2022-11-02</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Fabrication and Characterization of Wire Arc Additively Manufactured AlSi5 Structures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">For the purpose of this research, single track details were manufactured in the shape of thin walls with a length of 100 mm and a height of 80 mm. Two welding speeds were chosen for this experiment–13.3 mm/s and 20.0 mm/s corresponding to the following heat inputs: 120 J/mm and 80 J/mm. The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) method was used for the build-up of the specimens in the cold arc pulse mode. The structure of the specimens was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis carried out with CuKα radiation with a wavelength of 1.5406 Ǻ, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Furthermore, the Vickers hardness of the samples was determined using a ZwickRoell DuraScan 10/20 G5 unit at a force of 1 N. A preferred crystallographic orientation towards the (200) plane was observed in all cases, however a vastly textured structure was observed with inclusions of peaks in the (111), (220), and (311) crystallographic planes. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of samples taken from different stages of build-up was calculated indicating an increase of the dislocation density at the more advanced stages of specimen growth. Despite that an increase of the hardness was observed towards the top of both specimens. This is attributed to the change in the structure of the αAl + Si formations from an irregular one at the bottom of the specimens, towards a fibrous one at the top. The results are discussed in regard to the optimization of the build-up process during wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM).</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Metals</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2075-4701</identifier>
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    <author>
      <firstName>Georgi</firstName>
      <lastName>Kotlarski</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Maria</firstName>
      <lastName>Ormanova</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Ralf</firstName>
      <lastName>Ossenbrink</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Alexander</firstName>
      <lastName>Nikitin</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Nikolay</firstName>
      <lastName>Doynov</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Stefan</firstName>
      <lastName>Valkov</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Vesselin</firstName>
      <lastName>Michailov</lastName>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>wire arc additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Al4043</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AlSi5</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>heat input</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>microstructure</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>eutectic formations</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="3403">FG Füge- und Schweißtechnik</collection>
    <collection role="Import" number="import">Import</collection>
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  <doc>
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    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>14</volume>
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    <completedDate>2024-04-10</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Structure Formation and Mechanical Properties of Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Al4043 (AlSi5) Components</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In the current paper, the correlation between the physical size of additively built wire arc specimens and their structure and properties is studied. For the purpose of this work, two oval shaped specimens of different lengths were manufactured under the same technological conditions. The specimens have a length of 200 mm and 400 mm and will be referred to as L200 and L400. The microstructure of the samples was studied using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microhardness, yield strength (YS), and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) were determined and their correlation with the technological conditions of specimen build-up was clarified. The results of the carried out experiments indicated that the crystallographic structure of both specimens is similar. The scanning electron microscopy images show a higher concentration of irregularly shaped micro-pores formed near the edge of the αAl grains in the structure of the L400 specimen compared to the L200 one. An increase in the size of the αAl solid solution grains in the case of the L200 specimen towards its top section was noticed using optical microscopy. A slightly lower magnitude change was noticed concerning the L400 specimen. The increase in the size of the aluminum crystals was determined to be the increasing interpass temperature. Due to the much smaller thermal dissipation capacity of the smaller specimen, the interpass temperature of the same increased faster compared to the larger specimen. All of the above-mentioned factors led to a decrease in the microhardness of the specimens at higher stages of build-up. Since the specimens were deposited using similar layer deposition conditions, the resultant YS and UTS data are also highly comparable.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Metals</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/met14020183</identifier>
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For the purpose of this work, two oval shaped specimens of different lengths were manufactured under the same technological conditions. The specimens have a length of 200 mm and 400 mm and will be referred to as L200 and L400. The microstructure of the samples was studied using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microhardness, yield strength (YS), and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) were determined and their correlation with the technological conditions of specimen build-up was clarified. The results of the carried out experiments indicated that the crystallographic structure of both specimens is similar. The scanning electron microscopy images show a higher concentration of irregularly shaped micro-pores formed near the edge of the \u03b1Al grains in the structure of the L400 specimen compared to the L200 one. An increase in the size of the \u03b1Al solid solution grains in the case of the L200 specimen towards its top section was noticed using optical microscopy. A slightly lower magnitude change was noticed concerning the L400 specimen. The increase in the size of the aluminum crystals was determined to be the increasing interpass temperature. Due to the much smaller thermal dissipation capacity of the smaller specimen, the interpass temperature of the same increased faster compared to the larger specimen. All of the above-mentioned factors led to a decrease in the microhardness of the specimens at higher stages of build-up. 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J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katayama, S. (2013). Handbook of Laser Welding Technologies, Woodhead Publishing Limited.","DOI":"10.1533\/9780857098771"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Liu, R., Wang, Z., Sparks, T., Liou, F., and Newkirk, J. (2017). Laser Additive Manufacturing, Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sudnik, V. (2011). Arc Welding, InTech.","DOI":"10.5772\/1088"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weman, K., and Linen, G. (2006). MIG Welding Guide, Woodhead Publishing Limited.","DOI":"10.1533\/9781845691479"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langelandsvik, G., Akselsen, O., Furu, T., and Roven, H. (2021). Review of Aluminum Alloy Development for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing. 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    <author>
      <firstName>Nikolay</firstName>
      <lastName>Doynov</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Stefan</firstName>
      <lastName>Valkov</lastName>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>structure</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>morphology</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>hardness</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>tensile strength</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>defects formation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>WAAM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AlSi5</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Al4043</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>GMAW</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>cold arc pulse</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="3403">FG Füge- und Schweißtechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>34752</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>449</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>458</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>69</volume>
    <type>articler</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2024-11-29</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Using dynamic resistance to predict electrode surface degradation in resistance spot welding of 5182 aluminum alloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In this study, the correlation between dynamic resistance during the first 10 ms of welding time and the electrode surface condition in resistance spot welding of 5182 aluminum alloy has been investigated. The electrode surface rapidly degrades due to contamination and morphological changes, adversely affecting the weld spot surface. The accumulation of Cu-Al intermetallic phases on the electrode surface alters its roughness, leading to variations in dynamic resistance. By analyzing this correlation, optimal electrode milling intervals were identified to extend electrode life. This work focused on detecting crater formation on the electrode surface through dynamic resistance monitoring. The results indicate that resistance measurements provide a reliable approach for evaluating electrode wear, optimizing maintenance schedules, and reducing material removal during milling.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-024-01872-9</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BTU">an der BTU erstellt / created at BTU</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelationnotEU">02P21Z000</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BTUfunderNamenotEU">BMBF</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Publikationsweg">Open Access</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <author>
      <firstName>Alexander</firstName>
      <lastName>Nikitin</lastName>
    </author>
    <submitter>
      <firstName>Hannes</firstName>
      <lastName>Wenzel</lastName>
    </submitter>
    <author>
      <firstName>Dashqin</firstName>
      <lastName>Turabov</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Evgeniia</firstName>
      <lastName>Ermilova</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Anton</firstName>
      <lastName>Evdokimov</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Ralf</firstName>
      <lastName>Ossenbrink</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Holger</firstName>
      <lastName>Seidlitz</lastName>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>resistance spot welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>aluminum alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>electrode wear</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>dynamic resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>electrode surface</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="3403">FG Füge- und Schweißtechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="3422">FG Polymerbasierter Leichtbau</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>34892</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2710</issue>
    <volume>2024</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject_ref</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2024-12-16</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation of the thermal gradients formed during the process of cooling of WAAM built Al99.7 specimen</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This work presents a preliminary experiment used to determine the possibility of developing a thermal model used to predict the thermal gradients formed during the process of wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). For this purpose, an Al99.7 specimen was built using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) in the cold arc pulse mode. The temperature of both the substrate and each consecutive layer was measured using thermocouples and infrared thermometers and the experimental data was used for the calibration of the developed thermal model. The obtained results can be used for the further development of the thermal model.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Physics: Conference Series</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1742-6596</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1088/1742-6596/2710/1/012038</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BTU">an der BTU erstellt / created at BTU</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelationnotEU">KP 06-DO 02/1 (2019)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BTUfunderNamenotEU">Bulgarian National Science Fund</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Artikelnummer">012038</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Publikationsweg">Open Access</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <author>
      <firstName>Maria</firstName>
      <lastName>Ormanova</lastName>
    </author>
    <submitter>
      <firstName>Hannes</firstName>
      <lastName>Wenzel</lastName>
    </submitter>
    <author>
      <firstName>Georgi</firstName>
      <lastName>Kotlarski</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Darina</firstName>
      <lastName>Kaisheva</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Alexander</firstName>
      <lastName>Nikitin</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Ralf</firstName>
      <lastName>Ossenbrink</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Nikolay</firstName>
      <lastName>Doynov</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Stefan</firstName>
      <lastName>Valkov</lastName>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal model</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wire arc additve manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Waam</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gas metal arc welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gmaw</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aluminum</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Al99.7</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="3403">FG Füge- und Schweißtechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>33789</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>13</issue>
    <volume>17</volume>
    <type>articler</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI AG</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2024-07-02</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminum foams using TiH2-Laced Welding Wires</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Composite materials made from aluminum foam are increasingly used in aerospace and automotive industries due to their low density, high energy absorption capacity, and corrosion resistance. Additive manufacturing processes offer several advantages over conventional manufacturing methods, such as the ability to produce significantly more geometrically complex components without the need for expensive tooling. Direct Energy Deposition processes like Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) enable the additive production of near-net-shape components at high build rates. This paper presents a technology for producing aluminum foam structures using WAAM. This paper’s focus is on the development of welding wires that are mixed with a foaming agent (TiH2) and produce a foamed weld metal as well as their processing using MIG welding technology.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/ma17133176</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1996-1944</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_json">{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:19:45Z","timestamp":1719879585842},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006360","name":"Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22055 BR"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"&lt;jats:p&gt;Composite materials made from aluminum foam are increasingly used in aerospace and automotive industries due to their low density, high energy absorption capacity, and corrosion resistance. Additive manufacturing processes offer several advantages over conventional manufacturing methods, such as the ability to produce significantly more geometrically complex components without the need for expensive tooling. Direct Energy Deposition processes like Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) enable the additive production of near-net-shape components at high build rates. This paper presents a technology for producing aluminum foam structures using WAAM. This paper\u2019s focus is on the development of welding wires that are mixed with a foaming agent (TiH2) and produce a foamed weld metal as well as their processing using MIG welding technology.&lt;\/jats:p&gt;","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17133176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T13:06:07Z","timestamp":1719839167000},"page":"3176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Aluminum Foams Using TiH2-Laced Welding Wires"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Marcel","family":"K\u00f6hler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials and Joining Technology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Nikitin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Joining and Welding Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology of Cottbus-Senftenberg, 03046 Cottbus, Germany"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Sonnenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials and Joining Technology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Ossenbrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Joining and Welding Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology of Cottbus-Senftenberg, 03046 Cottbus, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3467-8106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"J\u00fcttner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials and Joining Technology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/17\/13\/3176\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T13:39:37Z","timestamp":1719841177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/17\/13\/3176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ma17133176"],"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3390\/ma17133176","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]}}}</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus_crossrefDocumentType">journal-article</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus_crossrefLicence">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus_import_origin">crossref</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus_doiImportPopulated">PersonAuthorFirstName_1,PersonAuthorLastName_1,PersonAuthorFirstName_2,PersonAuthorLastName_2,PersonAuthorFirstName_3,PersonAuthorLastName_3,PersonAuthorFirstName_4,PersonAuthorLastName_4,PersonAuthorFirstName_5,PersonAuthorLastName_5,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_5,PublisherName,TitleMain_1,Language,TitleAbstract_1,TitleParent_1,ArticleNumber,Issue,Volume,PublishedYear,IdentifierIssn,Enrichmentopus_crossrefLicence</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BTU">an der BTU erstellt / created at BTU</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Referiert">Beitrag ist referiert / Article peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Publikationsweg">Open Access</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelationnotEU">01F22055N</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BTUfunderNamenotEU">Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">doi-import</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Fprofil">1 Energiewende und Dekarbonisierung / Energy Transition and Decarbonisation</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Fprofil">4 Künstliche Intelligenz und Sensorik / Artificial Intelligence and Sensor Technology</enrichment>
    <author>
      <firstName>Marcel</firstName>
      <lastName>Köhler</lastName>
    </author>
    <submitter>
      <firstName>Hannes</firstName>
      <lastName>Wenzel</lastName>
    </submitter>
    <author>
      <firstName>Alexander</firstName>
      <lastName>Nikitin</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Peter</firstName>
      <lastName>Sonnenfeld</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Ralf</firstName>
      <lastName>Ossenbrink</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Sven</firstName>
      <lastName>Jüttner</lastName>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MIG welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>wire arc additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>direct energy deposition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>aluminum foam</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>titanium hydride</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>foaming agent</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>metal-cored wires</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>continuous powder extrusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>energy absorption</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="3403">FG Füge- und Schweißtechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>31191</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>12</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>articler</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2023-07-21</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Resistance spot welding of dissimilar material joints with a cold-gas-sprayed inlayer</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In this publication, cold gas spraying (CGS) is investigated as an enabler for aluminum-steel joints. Using a powder-based coating process to adhere a steel layer to an aluminum substrate allows a steel component to be welded to the deposited layer by resistance spot welding. This method permits the metallurgical connection between similar materials to be separated, while mechanical bonding ensures the connection at the dissimilar aluminum-to-inlayer interface. A modification of the porous CGS layer, as well as the creation of the remelted zone in the aluminum, can be observed during the resistance spot welding process. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses show that the severely prestressed particles in the CGS coating recrystallize, which coincides with a decrease in defect density and hardness in the heat-affected zone. Microscopy of the aluminum substrate shows the creation of metallurgical pores as well as the expansion of pores attributed to the casting process. The rise in remelted aluminum hardness and decrease in the heat-affected zone of the CGS layer indicate the formation of a metallurgical notch.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00170-023-11897-x</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s00170-023-11897-x</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1433-3015</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0268-3768</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BTU">an der BTU erstellt / created at BTU</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BTUfunderNamenotEU">Projekt DEAL</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Publikationsweg">Open Access</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Fprofil">1 Energiewende und Dekarbonisierung / Energy Transition and Decarbonisation</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Fprofil">4 Künstliche Intelligenz und Sensorik / Artificial Intelligence and Sensor Technology</enrichment>
    <author>
      <firstName>Christian</firstName>
      <lastName>Hagen</lastName>
    </author>
    <submitter>
      <firstName>Hannes</firstName>
      <lastName>Wenzel</lastName>
    </submitter>
    <author>
      <firstName>Franz-Josef</firstName>
      <lastName>Klinkenberg</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Ralf</firstName>
      <lastName>Ossenbrink</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Vesselin</firstName>
      <lastName>Michailov</lastName>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>resistance spot weld</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>rsw</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>cold gas spray</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>cgs</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>inlayer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>dissimilar joint</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>aluminium-steel weld</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="3403">FG Füge- und Schweißtechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>30988</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>6</volume>
    <type>articler</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2023-05-31</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigations on the thermal conditions during laser beam welding of high-strength steel 100Cr6</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This study examines the thermal conditions during laser beam welding of 100Cr6 high-strength steel using a TruDisk5000 disc laser with a continuous adjustable power range of 100–5000 W. Two parameter sets, characterized by laser power and welding speeds, were analyzed by thermal-metallurgical FE simulations to determine their impact on the thermal conditions during welding. The results show a significant shift in heat coupling, with conduction transitioning to deep penetration welding. As a result of the high welding speeds and reduced energy input, extremely high heating rates up to 2∙104 K s−1 (set A) respectively 4∙105 K s−1 (set B) occur. Both welds thus concern a range of temperature state values for which conventional Time-Temperature-Austenitization (TTA) diagrams are currently not defined, requiring calibration of the material models through general assumptions. Also, the change in energy input and welding speed causes significantly steep temperature gradients with a slope of approximately 5∙103 K mm−1 and strong drops in the temperature rates, particularly in the heat affected zone. The temperature cycles also show very different cooling rates for the respective parameter sets, although in both cases they are well below a cooling time t8/5 of 1 s, so that the phase transformation always leads to the formation of martensite. Since the investigated parameters are known to cause a loss of technological strength and conditionally result in cold cracks, these results will be used for further detailed experimental and numerical investigation of microstructure, hydrogen distribution, and stress-strain development at different restraint conditions.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advances in Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2666-9129</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666912923000077</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.aime.2023.100118</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BTU">an der BTU erstellt / created at BTU</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelationnotEU">13N13832</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BTUfunderNamenotEU">Robert Bosch GmbH, Föhrenbach Positioniersysteme GmbH, Anton Häring KG, Volkswagen AG, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Artikelnummer">100118</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Publikationsweg">Open Access</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Fprofil">1 Energiewende und Dekarbonisierung / Energy Transition and Decarbonisation</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Fprofil">4 Künstliche Intelligenz und Sensorik / Artificial Intelligence and Sensor Technology</enrichment>
    <author>
      <firstName>Eric</firstName>
      <lastName>Wasilewski</lastName>
    </author>
    <submitter>
      <firstName>Hannes</firstName>
      <lastName>Wenzel</lastName>
    </submitter>
    <author>
      <firstName>Nikolay</firstName>
      <lastName>Doynov</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Ralf</firstName>
      <lastName>Ossenbrink</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Vesselin</firstName>
      <lastName>Michailov</lastName>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>welding temperature field</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>temperature rates</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>thermal-metallurgical FE simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>high-strength steel</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="3403">FG Füge- und Schweißtechnik</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>32563</id>
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    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>12</volume>
    <type>articler</type>
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    <completedDate>2024-01-19</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of CAP-WAAM Single-Track Al5356 Specimens of Differing Scale</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The mass production of metallic components requires high agility in the working process conditioned by the necessity of building details of different shapes and sizes. Changing the size of the components theoretically influences the thermal dissipation capability of the same, which could lead to a change in their structure and mechanical properties. This is particularly important when aluminum alloys are concerned. For this reason, two Al5356 single-track specimens were built using the same technological conditions of layer deposition by varying only their geometrical size. In all cases, the specimens were wire and arc additively manufactured (WAAM) using a process based on gas metal arc welding (GMAW) in the cold arc pulse mode (CAP). The structure of both specimens was studied and defects along their surfaces were detected in the form of micro-pores and micro-cracks. A high concentration of undissolved Mg particles was also detected, along with some standalone Si particles. Uniformity in the build-up process was achieved, which led to the formation of nearly identical structures in the specimens. Subsequently, the resultant mechanical properties were also highly comparable. This indicates that the geometry-related variation in thermal conditions has an insignificant influence on the component’s structure and properties.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2075-1702</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/machines12010072</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="Relation">KP 06-DO 02/1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BTUfunderName">Bulgarian National Science Fund</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Artikelnummer">72</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="Fprofil">1 Energiewende und Dekarbonisierung / Energy Transition and Decarbonisation</enrichment>
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    <author>
      <firstName>Georgi</firstName>
      <lastName>Kotlarski</lastName>
    </author>
    <submitter>
      <firstName>Hannes</firstName>
      <lastName>Wenzel</lastName>
    </submitter>
    <author>
      <firstName>Maria</firstName>
      <lastName>Ormanova</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Alexander</firstName>
      <lastName>Nikitin</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Iuliia</firstName>
      <lastName>Morozova</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Ralf</firstName>
      <lastName>Ossenbrink</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Vesselin</firstName>
      <lastName>Michailov</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Nikolay</firstName>
      <lastName>Doynov</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Stefan</firstName>
      <lastName>Valkov</lastName>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>microstructure</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>WAAM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>cold arc pulse (CAP)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AlMg5Cr</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Al5356</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>single-track</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>mechanical properties</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="3403">FG Füge- und Schweißtechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>36602</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6</pageLast>
    <pageNumber>6</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>2994</volume>
    <type>articler</type>
    <publisherName>IOP Publishing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Bristol</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2025-10-22</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Wire arc deposition of specimens using a special-designed aluminum-cored wire with CNTs</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This work investigated the possibility of manufacturing components using an aluminum welding wire with an aluminum powder core reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Appropriate technological conditions of deposition were selected for the successful manufacturing of a wall-shaped specimen. The last was built using a multi-track approach. The results indicated the presence of a large quantity of pores within the volume of the specimen with values of over 30%. Regardless of the high defect quantity within the specimen a number of successfully integrated carbon nanoparticles were detected in certain areas of the cross-section of the specimen in the form of an Al₄C₃ composite.</abstract>
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