<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>24309</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>5305</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>5313</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>14</issue>
    <volume>31</volume>
    <type>articler</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2019-08-15</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Layered α-TiCl₃: Microsheets on YSZ Substrates for Ethylene Polymerization with Enhanced Activity</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The transition metal halide α-titanium(III) chloride (α-TiCl₃) is a layered two-dimensional compound and a well-established Ziegler–Natta catalyst for the polymerization of ethylene. A new synthesis technique is used to obtain thin sheets of α-TiCl₃ that show exceptional physical properties in contrast to their bulk counterparts, due to an enlarged surface-to-volume ratio. Chemical vapor transport (CVT) of α-titanium(III) chloride directly on substrates results in microsheets that exhibit an improved catalytic effect. For rational planning of synthesis conditions, thermodynamic simulations of occurring gas-phase equilibria were performed. Based on these calculation results, crystal growth was achieved by adding GaCl₃via pure short term CVT in a temperature gradient of 700–600 K on yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates. Phase pure, as-grown, single crystal sheets with high crystallinity and a thickness of around 4 μm were obtained. These thin sheets of α-TiCl₃ on YSZ substrates were implemented as catalysts for the ethylene polymerization reaction. A significant improvement of catalytic activity of 16% was achieved, probably due to an increased surface-to-volume ratio. As a highlight, the as-grown microsheets were exfoliated subsequently to a thickness lower than 200 nm and an even higher catalytic activity of up to 24% was confirmed experimentally due to delamination effects. This is the first time that an improved catalytic effect of α-TiCl₃ is observed as a result of downscaling from bulk to microsheets by CVT.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Chemistry of Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01818</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01818</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BTU">an der BTU erstellt / created at BTU</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <author>
      <firstName>Martin</firstName>
      <lastName>Grönke</lastName>
    </author>
    <submitter>
      <firstName>Peer</firstName>
      <lastName>Schmidt</lastName>
    </submitter>
    <author>
      <firstName>Ubed S. F.</firstName>
      <lastName>Arrozi</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Nadine</firstName>
      <lastName>Bronkalla</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Peer</firstName>
      <lastName>Schmidt</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Martin</firstName>
      <lastName>Valldor</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Steffen</firstName>
      <lastName>Oswald</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Thomas G.</firstName>
      <lastName>Woodcock</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Victoria</firstName>
      <lastName>Eckert</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Qi</firstName>
      <lastName>Hao</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Laura</firstName>
      <lastName>Plüschke</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Albena</firstName>
      <lastName>Lederer</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Kornelius</firstName>
      <lastName>Nielsch</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Bernd</firstName>
      <lastName>Büchner</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Stefan</firstName>
      <lastName>Kaskel</lastName>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstName>Silke</firstName>
      <lastName>Hampel</lastName>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Crystal growth</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Chemical vapor transport</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermodynamic modeling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>2D layered compounds</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Halides</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanocrystals (1)</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="2202">FG Anorganische Chemie</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
