@incollection{SchuetzBilz, author = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Konzept der HBSC-Studie Brandenburg 2022}, series = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, booktitle = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, editor = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, publisher = {Pabst Science Publishers}, address = {Lengerich}, isbn = {978-3-95853-878-8}, pages = {1 -- 2}, language = {de} } @incollection{SchuetzBilz, author = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Methodik der HBSC-Studie Brandenburg 2022}, series = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, booktitle = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, editor = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, publisher = {Pabst Science Publishers}, address = {Lengerich}, isbn = {978-3-95853-878-8}, pages = {3 -- 9}, language = {de} } @incollection{BilzSchuetz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael}, title = {Die Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg}, series = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, booktitle = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, editor = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, publisher = {Pabst Science Publishers}, address = {Lengerich}, isbn = {978-3-95853-878-8}, pages = {11 -- 28}, language = {de} } @incollection{SchuetzFischerZeissig, author = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Fischer, Saskia M. and Zeißig, Anke}, title = {Das Gesundheits- und Risikoverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg}, series = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, booktitle = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, editor = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, publisher = {Pabst Science Publishers}, address = {Lengerich}, isbn = {978-3-95853-878-8}, pages = {29 -- 82}, language = {de} } @incollection{FischerKansokDuscheSchuetzetal., author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Personale und kontextuelle Einflussfaktoren f{\"u}r die Gesundheit und das Gesundheitsverhalten im Kindes- und Jugendalter}, series = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, booktitle = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, editor = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, publisher = {Pabst Science Publishers}, address = {Lengerich}, isbn = {978-3-95853-878-8}, pages = {83 -- 132}, language = {de} } @incollection{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2022. Schlussfolgerungen f{\"u}r die schulische Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung}, series = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, booktitle = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, editor = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, publisher = {Pabst Science Publishers}, address = {Lengerich}, isbn = {978-3-95853-878-8}, pages = {133 -- 136}, language = {de} } @book{SeemannHerz, author = {Seemann-Herz, Lisanne}, title = {Schulbezogene Anti-Hatespeech-Programme : eine kriteriengeleitete Bestandsaufnahme}, publisher = {Brandenburgische Technische Universit{\"a}t, IKMZ, Universit{\"a}tsbibliothek}, address = {Cottbus ; Senftenberg}, isbn = {978-3-940471-75-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-65257}, pages = {107}, language = {de} } @misc{KansokDuscheWachsWettsteinetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wachs, Sebastian and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Hate Speech and Bullying Perpetration: Overlaps and Convergent and Divergent Determinants}, series = {World Anti-Bullying Forum (October 25-27, 2023), North Carolina, U.S.A.}, journal = {World Anti-Bullying Forum (October 25-27, 2023), North Carolina, U.S.A.}, doi = {10.17605/OSF.IO/GZFAW}, pages = {18}, abstract = {Introduction. Hate speech is a widespread global issue that is also prevalent among children and youth and requires an educational response (United Nations, 2021). Hate speech can be defined as an intentionally harmful and derogatory expression about people (directly or vicariously) based on assigned group characteristics (e.g., ethnicity, sexual orientation, religious affiliation; Kansok-Dusche et al., 2022). For many authors concerned with hate speech among children and adolescents, the extent of the overlap between hate speech and bullying is a debatable question that requires more research (e.g., Bedrosova et al., 2022; Fulantelli et al., 2022). Initial studies showed that online hate speech and cyberbullying perpetration correlate moderately (Kansok-Dusche et al., 2022). However, no studies have investigated the overlap between hate speech and bullying perpetration in on- and offline modes. Concerning the causes, a systematic review identified joint cyberbullying and online hate speech perpetration determinants (Fulantelli et al., 2022). However, the findings of this review are mainly based on studies examining these factors for either cyberbullying or online hate speech. Whether similar or different associations can also be found for offline hate speech/bullying perpetration is unknown. This study aims to investigate similarities and differences between hate speech and bullying from three analytic perspectives: First, using a variable-centered approach, this paper examines how strong the correlations are between bullying and hate speech perpetration by considering both phenomena in the online and offline context (Aim 1). Following a person-centered approach, it will be further investigated how much overlap exists between the respective student groups perpetrating hate speech and/or bullying, separately for online and offline activities (Aim 2). Finally, we are interested in the similarities and differences in the importance of various determinants of perpetration: we consider social perspective-taking, school belonging, social dominance orientation, and classroom climate (Aim 3). Methods. The analyses are based on data from a sample of 3.620 students attending grades 7 to 9 (51\% female, 41.4\% with migration background) from 42 Swiss and German secondary schools. Students voluntarily and anonymously completed self-report surveys (December 2020 to April 2021). The frequency of bullying and hate speech perpetration was assessed with two single items for each phenomenon, one for the online and one for the offline mode (Olweus, 2012; Wachs et al., 2022). Social perspective-taking (Jurkowski \& H{\"a}nze, 2014, 3 Items, α = .72), social dominance orientation (Klocke, 2012, 8 items, α = .80), school belonging (OECD, 2017; 6 items α = .83), and classroom climate (Currie et al., 2014, 3 items, α = .78) were measured with validated scales. To address Aim 1, we will investigate bivariate correlations between hate speech and bullying perpetration in on- and offline modes. Regarding Aim 2, contingency tables and Chi-Square tests will be used to examine overlaps by creating mutually distinctive typologies of perpetration (e.g., pure hate speech perpetration, pure bullying perpetration, combined perpetration). This analysis will be done separately for on- and offline modes. To address Aim 3, we will run four multilevel regression analyses in Mplus with hate speech and bullying perpetration as outcomes (online and offline). At Level 1, social perspective-taking, social dominance orientation, and school belonging will be entered while controlling for gender, grade, socio-economic status, and migration background. At Level 2, we include classroom climate. The model-testing follows a stepwise procedure (1: random intercept model, 2: adding covariates, 3: adding classroom climate on L2, and all other variables on L1). The improvement of model fit will be assessed by relative decreases in indices such as AIC, BIC, and ABIC. These procedures will be performed separately for hate speech and bullying perpetration (online and offline). Regression coefficients and explained variance of the models for hate speech and bullying perpetration will be compared. Preliminary Results. Regarding Aim 1, moderate correlations were found between online hate speech and online bullying perpetration (r = .48 p < .001) as well as between offline hate speech and offline bullying perpetration (r = .42; p <. 001). The final results for the three research aims will be presented at the conference. Conclusion. These findings support researchers and practitioners in deciding whether hate speech and bullying among young people should be researched and addressed as interlinked or separate forms of aggression. Practical Implications. Although there are some limitations (e.g., use of self-report and cross-sectional data), the findings of this study will be informative for prevention and intervention efforts aimed at protecting children and adolescents from becoming perpetrators and victims of hate speech, bullying, or both.}, language = {en} } @misc{CastellanosWettsteinWachsetal., author = {Castellanos, Melisa and Wettstein, Alexander and Wachs, Sebastian and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Ballaschk, Cindy and Krause, Norman and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Hate speech in adolescents. A binational study on prevalence and demographic differences}, series = {Frontiers in Education}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in Education}, issn = {2504-284X}, doi = {10.3389/feduc.2023.1076249}, abstract = {Hate speech, or intentional derogatory expressions about people based on assigned group characteristics, has been studied primarily in online contexts. Less is known about the occurrence of this phenomenon in schools. As it has negative consequences for victims, perpetrators, and those who witness it, it is crucial to characterize the occurrence of offline (i.e., in the school) and online hate speech to describe similarities and differences between these two socialization contexts. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hate speech witnessing, victimization, and perpetration, in a sample of 3,620 7th to 9th graders (51\% self-identified as female) from 42 schools in Germany and Switzerland. We found that 67\% of the students witnessed hate speech in their school, and 65\% witnessed online hate speech at least once in the past twelve months. Approximately 21\% of the students self-identified as offline perpetrators and 33\% as offline victims, whereas these percentages were lower for online hate speech (13\% and 20\%, respectively). In both settings, skin color and origin were the most common group references for hate speech (50\% offline and 63\% online). Offline hate speech mainly came from classmates (88\%), unknown sources (e.g., graffiti; 19\%), or teachers (12\%), whereas online hate speech mostly came from unknown persons (77\%). The most frequent forms of offline hate speech were offensive jokes (94\%) and the spread of lies and rumors about the members of a specific social group (84\%). Significant differences by country, gender, and migration background were observed. Girls reported more offline victimization experiences, less perpetration, and a greater frequency of witnessing hate speech. This difference was larger in magnitude in the online setting. Students in Switzerland reported being exposed to hate speech more often than students in Germany. Students with a migration background reported higher hate speech victimization based on skin color and origin than students without a migration background. The high prevalence of hate speech highlights the need for school-based prevention programs. Our findings are discussed in terms of the practical implications.}, language = {en} } @misc{KansokDuscheWettsteinCastellanosetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wettstein, Alexander and Castellanos, Melisa and Schwab, C{\´e}line and Subramaniam, Abimanju and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Associations between Social Competence, Perceived Parents' Prosocial Educational Goals and Adolescents' Hate Speech Perpetration in School}, series = {Victims \& Offenders}, volume = {19}, journal = {Victims \& Offenders}, number = {3}, issn = {1556-4991}, doi = {10.1080/15564886.2023.2189191}, pages = {419 -- 446}, abstract = {Hate speech is a global challenge, requiring research on adolescents' hate speech perpetration in schools. We examined whether perceived parents' prosocial educational goals moderate the association between social competencies (social perspective-taking, openness to diversity) and hate speech perpetration in schools. In total, 1,719 adolescents (aged 11-18 years) from 22 Swiss schools completed selfreport questionnaires (December 2020 to April 2021). Social perspective-taking and hate speech perpetration correlated negatively, alongside openness to diversity and hate speech perpetration. Perceived parents' prosocial educational goals strengthened the negative association between openness to diversity and hate speech perpetration in schools but did not moderate the association with social perspective-taking.}, language = {en} } @misc{ZeissigPannasch, author = {Zeißig, Anke and Pannasch, Sebastian}, title = {Being bored, happy or focused - which is best for creative thinking? How different emotional states influence creativity}, series = {Journal of Boredom Studies}, journal = {Journal of Boredom Studies}, number = {1}, pages = {1 -- 25}, abstract = {We aim to extend the body of research on boredom as a potentially creativity-enhancing state. Therefore, 124 students were assigned to one of five 6-minute interventions (boredom-discomfort, boredom-equanimity, boredom-continuation, joy, and concentration) and the effects on figural as well as verbal fluency and diversity as measures of creativity were examined. It was verified whether the emotional state changed during the intervention. In addition, the emotional dimensions, valence, arousal, and alertness were controlled before and after the test.Boredom-discomfort, joy, and concentration altered the emotion experienced during the intervention in the intended way. The boredom-equanimity and boredom-continuation groups served as control conditions for various boredom states, and less boredom resulted for subjects in these groups. Figural and verbal measures of creativity were differently influenced by the interventions. For verbal fluency, we obtained a significant interaction between time and group, in particular, the performance differed between the intervention with either concentration, or joy. Verbal creativity decreased after intervention in all groups, most for joy and boredom-discomfort groups and least for concentration. In contrast, figural performance increased in four groups, most for boredom-discomfort but not for concentration. Subsequent analyses revealed significant interaction effects between time and group with respect to both verbal and figural measures of creativity. The interventions had not only short-term effects on subjects' emotions but also, in some cases, a significant longer-term impact on emotion dimensions at the end of the study.After discussing methodological aspects, conclusions are drawn for further research approaches.}, language = {en} } @misc{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Psychische Gesundheit in der Schule}, series = {P{\"a}diatrie \& P{\"a}dologie}, volume = {58}, journal = {P{\"a}diatrie \& P{\"a}dologie}, number = {S1}, issn = {0030-9338}, doi = {10.1007/s00608-022-01031-7}, pages = {8 -- 12}, abstract = {Der psychischen Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten verst{\"a}rkte Aufmerksamkeit zuteil geworden. Immer deutlicher zeichnet sich ab, dass psychische Probleme im Kindes- und Jugendalter eine hohe Vorhersagekraft f{\"u}r psychische Erkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter haben. Gleichzeitig verf{\"u}gen wir {\"u}ber einen immer breiter werdenden Erkenntnisstand zur Bedeutung des psychischen Wohlbefindens von Kindern und Jugendlichen f{\"u}r ihren schulischen Erfolg und f{\"u}r ihre soziale Teilhabe. Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt die Lebenswelt Schule in das Blickfeld. Es werden Befunde zu schulbezogenen Ressourcen und Risikofaktoren f{\"u}r die psychische Gesundheit von Sch{\"u}ler*innen und zur Rolle von Lehrkr{\"a}ften bei der Fr{\"u}herkennung vorgestellt sowie Schlussfolgerungen f{\"u}r die F{\"o}rderung der psychischen Gesundheit in der Schule gezogen.}, language = {de} } @misc{KrauseWachsBilzetal., author = {Krause, Norman and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig and Schubarth, Wilfried}, title = {Dem Hass entgeg(n)en - Eine qualitative Studie zu den Interventionsstrategien, -zielen und -effekten durch p{\"a}dagogisches Schulpersonal bei Hatespeech in der Schule.}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r P{\"a}dagogik}, volume = {69}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r P{\"a}dagogik}, number = {3}, issn = {0044-3247}, doi = {10.3262/ZP2303310}, pages = {310 -- 332}, abstract = {Bisher ist wenig dar{\"u}ber bekannt, wie Schulen mit Hatespeech unter Sch{\"u}ler*innen umgehen. Die vorliegende Untersuchung soll einen ersten {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die Interventionsstrategien, -ziele und -effekte des Schulpersonals bei Hatespeech in der Schule geben. Dazu wurden 46 episodische Interviews mit Sch{\"u}ler*innen (n = 21), Lehrkr{\"a}ften (n = 16) und anderem p{\"a}dagogischen Schulpersonal (n = 9) aus Berlin und Brandenburg ausgewertet. Im Ergebnis konnten acht Strategien klassifiziert werden (Bestrafungen, polizeiliche und juristische Maßnahmen, Instruktionen, Einbezug der Eltern, Einbezug anderer Schulakteur*innen, Mediationen, partizipativ-integrative Verhandlungen, schulexterne Projekt- und Trainingsangebote), denen jeweils Interventionsziele und berichtete Effekte zugeordnet werden konnten. Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede mit Erkenntnissen aus der Mobbingforschung und Implikationen f{\"u}r die Schulpraxis sowie f{\"u}r weitere Forschung werden diskutiert.}, language = {de} } @misc{SchuetzBilz, author = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Einsamkeit im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Zur Verbreitung eines Risikofaktors f{\"u}r die psychische Gesundheit unter 11- bis 15-j{\"a}hrigen deutschen Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern}, series = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {66}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz}, issn = {1436-9990}, doi = {10.1007/s00103-023-03728-x}, pages = {9}, abstract = {Hintergrund Einsamkeit ist sowohl im {\"o}ffentlichen als auch im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs ein zunehmend pr{\"a}sentes Thema. Es liegen inzwischen zahlreiche Forschungsergebnisse zur Verbreitung und zu den gesundheitsbezogenen Zusammenh{\"a}ngen von Einsamkeit bei Erwachsenen vor. Zur Einsamkeit im Kindes- und Jugendalter gibt es f{\"u}r Deutschland nur wenige Erkenntnisse. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt dieser Beitrag Befunde zur Verbreitung von Einsamkeit bei 11- bis 15-j{\"a}hrigen deutschen Sch{\"u}ler*innen vor und untersucht Zusammenh{\"a}nge mit soziodemographischen Merkmalen. Methoden Die Studie „Health Behaviour in School-aged Children" (HBSC) ist eine globale Forschungskooperation unter Schirmherrschaft der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO). In Brandenburg erfasste die Studie Daten von 3819 Kindern und Jugendlichen an allgemeinbildenden Schulen in den Klassenstufen 5, 7 und 9 (MAlter = 13,5, SD = 1,6). Einsamkeit wurde anhand der University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale und eines Einzelitems erhoben. Ergebnisse 13,2 \% der Befragten gaben an, sich „meistens" einsam zu f{\"u}hlen, „immer" einsam f{\"u}hlten sich 3,6 \%. Einsamkeit war st{\"a}rker ausgepr{\"a}gt bei M{\"a}dchen, bei Sch{\"u}ler*innen mit der Geschlechtszuschreibung „divers" sowie bei {\"a}lteren Heranwachsenden und bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit niedrigerem sozio{\"o}konomischen Status. Diskussion Die Befunde weisen darauf hin, dass Einsamkeit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ein weit verbreitetes Ph{\"a}nomen ist. Dass sich M{\"a}dchen, {\"a}ltere Sch{\"u}ler*innen sowie Kinder und Jugendliche mit geringerem famili{\"a}ren Wohlstand einsamer f{\"u}hlen, stimmt mit Ergebnissen aus anderen L{\"a}ndern {\"u}berein und liefert Ansatzpunkte f{\"u}r die Planung von Pr{\"a}ventionsmaßnahmen. Es bedarf in Deutschland weiterer Forschung zu m{\"o}glichen gesundheitsbezogenen Zusammenh{\"a}ngen von Einsamkeit.}, language = {de} } @misc{KansokDuscheWachsWettsteinetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wachs, Sebastian and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Die Reaktionen von Sch{\"u}ler:innen auf Hatespeech in Schulen: Eine experimentelle Vignetten-Studie zu situativen Einfl{\"u}ssen auf das Aus{\"u}ben von Counterspeech}, series = {Symposium "Determinanten von Hate Speech und Reaktionen auf Hate Speech bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen" Fachgruppentagung Entwicklungs­psychologie 25. Tagung (03. — 05. September 2023, Berlin)}, journal = {Symposium "Determinanten von Hate Speech und Reaktionen auf Hate Speech bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen" Fachgruppentagung Entwicklungs­psychologie 25. Tagung (03. — 05. September 2023, Berlin)}, pages = {23}, abstract = {Trotz weltweiter Bem{\"u}hungen zur Bek{\"a}mpfung von Diskriminierungen bleibt Hatespeech (dt. Hassrede) in vielen L{\"a}ndern ein wachsendes Problem. Hatespeech wird hier als intentional verletzende {\"A}ußerung {\"u}ber Personen verstanden, die herabw{\"u}rdigend auf zugeschriebene Merkmale sozialer Gruppen Bezug nimmt (Kansok-Dusche et al., 2022). Hatespeech ist unter Jugendlichen weit verbreitet und auch im Schulkontext bedeutsam (Castellanos et al., 2023). Da Hatespeech mit negativen Konsequenzen f{\"u}r Betroffene und die Gesellschaft einhergeht, ist die Schule ein wichtiger Ort zur Hatespeech-Pr{\"a}vention. Forschungsarbeiten zu verwandten Ph{\"a}nomenen wie Mobbing betonen die wichtige Rolle von Zeug:innen. Bei Hatespeech in Schulen besteht diesbez{\"u}glich noch Forschungsbedarf zu Counterspeech (dt. Gegenrede), also Reaktionen von Sch{\"u}ler:innen mit dem Ziel Hatespeech-Vorf{\"a}lle zu stoppen. Die vorliegende Studie m{\"o}chte situative Einfl{\"u}sse auf das Aus{\"u}ben von Counterspeech untersuchen. Mit Bezug auf handlungstheoretische Ans{\"a}tze und Befunde zum Hilfeverhalten wird im On- und Offline-Setting der Einfluss des modellhaften Verhaltens der Lehrkr{\"a}fte und Mitsch{\"u}ler:innen ergr{\"u}ndet. Wir erwarten eine h{\"o}here Bereitschaft zu Counterspeech („Ich w{\"u}rde etwas gegen diese {\"A}ußerung tun oder sagen") bei Sch{\"u}ler:innen, wenn Lehrkr{\"a}fte und andere Mitsch{\"u}ler:innen den Vorfall nicht ignorieren. Die Stichprobe basiert auf Selbsteinsch{\"a}tzungen von 3225 Sch{\"u}ler:innen der Jahrgangsstufen 7 bis 9 aus 36 Schulen in Deutschland und der Schweiz. Zur Untersuchung unserer Forschungsfragen diente eine experimentelle Vignetten-Studie mit fiktionalen Hatespeech-Vorf{\"a}llen. Die Vignetten variierten die Lehrkraft-Reaktion (ja/nein), die Reaktion eines anwesenden Mitsch{\"u}lers (ja/nein) und das Setting (online/offline). Die Ergebnisse der aktuell laufenden Datenanalysen m{\"o}chten wir im Rahmen des Symposiums vorstellen. Wir erhoffen uns neue Erkenntnisse zu den Bedingungen unter denen Sch{\"u}ler:innen bei Hatespeech eingreifen.}, language = {de} } @misc{KansokDuscheWachsWettsteinetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wachs, Sebastian and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Hatespeech und Mobbing in der Schule: {\"U}berschneidungen und Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Determinanten und der beteiligten Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler}, series = {Symposium Cancel Culture, Hate Speech, Diskriminierung und Verschw{\"o}rungstheorien in der Schule: Jahrestagung AEPF 2023 vom 13.-15.9.2023 in Potsdam}, journal = {Symposium Cancel Culture, Hate Speech, Diskriminierung und Verschw{\"o}rungstheorien in der Schule: Jahrestagung AEPF 2023 vom 13.-15.9.2023 in Potsdam}, pages = {10}, abstract = {Hintergrund. Hatespeech (dt. Hassrede) ist weltweit ein Problem, das auch unter Jugendlichen verbreitet ist und p{\"a}dagogisch ausgerichtete Pr{\"a}ventions- und Interventionsans{\"a}tze erfordert (Castellanos et al., 2023; United Nations, 2021). Hatespeech wird hier als intentional herabw{\"u}rdigende {\"A}ußerung {\"u}ber Personen verstanden, die auf zugeschriebene Merkmale sozialer Gruppen Bezug nimmt (Kansok-Dusche et al., 2022). Da Hatespeech mit negativen Konsequenzen f{\"u}r Betroffene und die Gesellschaft einhergeht, ist die Schule ein wichtiger Ort zur Hatespeech-Pr{\"a}vention. Forscher:innen thematisieren mit Blick auf Hatespeech bei Kindern und Jugendlichen die {\"U}berlappung von Hatespeech und Mobbing und fordern mehr Studien dazu (z.B. Bedrosova et al., 2022; Fulantelli et al., 2022). Eine {\"U}bersichtsarbeit verweist auf moderate Korrelationen zwischen dem Aus{\"u}ben von Online-Hatespeech und Cyberbullying (Kansok-Dusche et al., 2022). Studien zur {\"U}berlappung der Ph{\"a}nomene im Offline-Modus gibt es bisher nicht. Eine weitere {\"U}bersichtsarbeit zeigt, dass das Aus{\"u}ben von Cyberbullying und Online-Hatespeech durch {\"a}hnliche Faktoren determiniert ist (Fulantelli et al., 2022). Allerdings basiert diese Erkenntnis haupts{\"a}chlich auf Studien, die diese Faktoren entweder f{\"u}r Cyberbullying oder f{\"u}r Online-Hatespeech untersuchten. Zur Divergenz bzw. Konvergenz von Determinanten beider Ph{\"a}nomene im Offline-Modus gibt es bisher keine Studien. Fragestellung und Ziele. Die Forschungsfrage der Studie richtet sich auf {\"A}hnlichkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen Hatespeech und Mobbing. Sie nutzt drei analytische Perspektiven: Zun{\"a}chst untersuchen wir variablenorientiert die Korrelationen zwischen dem Aus{\"u}ben von Mobbing und Hatespeech im Online- und Offline-Modus (Ziel 1). Dann folgen wir einer personenzentrierten Perspektive und ermitteln, inwieweit es {\"U}berschneidungen bei den involvierten Sch{\"u}lergruppen gibt (Ziel 2). Schließlich interessieren uns Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede in der Relevanz verschiedener Determinanten: wir betrachten die soziale Perspektiven{\"u}bernahme, das schulische Zugeh{\"o}rigkeitsempfinden, die Soziale Dominanzorientierung und das Klassenklima (Ziel 3). Methoden. Die Analysen basieren auf Selbsteinsch{\"a}tzungen von 3.260 Sch{\"u}ler:innen der Jahrgangsstufen 7 bis 9 aus 42 Schulen in Deutschland und der Schweiz (51\% weiblich, 41.4\% mit Migrationsstatus). Die Sch{\"u}ler:innen beantworteten freiwillig und anonym einen Fragebogen (12/2020 - 04/2021). Mit Einzelitems wurden die H{\"a}ufigkeiten f{\"u}r das Aus{\"u}ben von Mobbing und Hatespeech, separat f{\"u}r den On- und Offline-Modus erfasst. Weitere Skalen dienten der Erfassung der sozialen Perspektiven{\"u}bernahme (Jurkowski \& H{\"a}nze, 2014, 3 Items, α = .72), der sozialen Dominanzorientierung (Klocke, 2012, 8 Items, α = .80), des schulischen Zugeh{\"o}rigkeitsempfindens (OECD, 2017; 6 Items α = .83), und des Klassenklimas (Currie et al., 2014, 3 Items, α = .78). Die Analysen erfolgen separat f{\"u}r den On- und Offline-Modus mittels Korrelationsanalysen (Ziel 1), Kontingenztabellen (Ziel 2) und regressionsanalytische Mehrebenenmodelle (Ziel 3). Ergebnisse und Diskussion. Die Analysen werden gerade durchgef{\"u}hrt und sollen auf der Konferenz vorgestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse k{\"o}nnen Forscher:innen und PraktikerIinnen bei der Entscheidung unterst{\"u}tzen, ob Hatespeech und Mobbing unter Jugendlichen als miteinander verkn{\"u}pfte oder getrennte Formen der Aggression erforscht und adressiert werden sollten. Trotz Limitationen (z.B. Selbsteinsch{\"a}tzungen, Querschnittsdaten) k{\"o}nnen die Ergebnisse Ausgangspunkt f{\"u}r Pr{\"a}ventions- und Interventionsmaßnahmen sein, die Kinder und Jugendliche davor sch{\"u}tzen, T{\"a}ter:in und/oder Opfer von Hatespeech, Mobbing oder beidem zu werden.}, language = {de} } @misc{SchuetzBilz, author = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Loneliness in childhood and adolescence. On the prevalence of a risk factor for mental health}, series = {Book of Abstracts, 37th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society}, journal = {Book of Abstracts, 37th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Bremen}, address = {Bremen}, pages = {S.368}, abstract = {Background: Loneliness is an increasingly present topic in both public and health psychology discourse. There is increasing research on the prevalence and health-related correlates of loneliness in adults. There are only a few findings on loneliness in childhood and adolescence in Germany. Therefore, this study aims to present findings on the prevalence of loneliness among 11- to 15-year-old German schoolchildren and examines associations with socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study is a global research collaboration under the auspices of the World Health Organization. In the state of Brandenburg, the study used a cross-sectional design to collect data from 3,819 children and adolescents at general education schools in grades 5, 7, and 9 (Mage = 13.5, SD = 1.6). Loneliness was assessed using the University of California Los Angeles Scale (UCLA). Calculations were made using SPSS 29. Bivariate correlations were tested using a cross-tabulation and Chi2 test, and logistic regression was used for multivariate validation of the correlations. Findings: 10.8 \% of the respondents stated that they felt lonely. Loneliness was more pronounced among girls and non-binary (χ² (2) = 72.72, p < 0.001), as well as among older adolescents (χ² (2) = 35.21, p < 0.001, V = 0.107) and students with lower socioeconomic status (χ² (2) = 16.94, p < 0.001). Discussion: The findings indicate that loneliness is widespread among children and adolescents. The fact that girls, older pupils and children and adolescents with lower family wealth are more lonely is consistent with findings from other countries and provides starting points for planning prevention measures. Further research is needed in Germany on possible health-related correlates of loneliness.}, language = {en} } @misc{SeemannHerzKansokDuscheBartholomaeusetal., author = {Seemann-Herz, Lisanne and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Bartholom{\"a}us, Peter and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Hate speech intervention and prevention in schools: Study design of a systematic review}, series = {4TH CULTURAL DIVERSITY, MIGRATION, AND EDUCATION CONFERENCE. Awareness, Reflection, Action - Challenging Structural Inequities}, journal = {4TH CULTURAL DIVERSITY, MIGRATION, AND EDUCATION CONFERENCE. Awareness, Reflection, Action - Challenging Structural Inequities}, publisher = {Martin-Luther-Universit{\"a}t Halle-Wittenberg}, address = {Halle/Saale}, pages = {103}, abstract = {Hate speech is a growing social problem with a wide range of negative consequences. The term "hate speech" describes derogatory expressions about people that refer to group characteristics (e.g., skin color, gender, religion). It is directed at people (directly or vicariously) with the intention of harming them and is potentially harmful at multiple different levels (e.g., individually, socially) (Kansok-Dusche et al., 2022). Inhumane statements against certain groups of people are not new phenomena. However, this form of expression of group- related misanthropy has become much more widespread in recent years (Hawdon et al., 2017). For example, evidence shows that young adolescents in particular increasingly observe hate material on the Internet (Smahel et al., 2020). After the Internet, school is a place where hate speech occurs and where children and adolescents witness but also become victims of hate speech (Castellanos et al., 2022; Kansok-Dusche et al., 2022). Schools represent a suitable location to address hate speech incidents and to prevent future hate speech. To date, there is little evidence on the availability of school-based anti-hate speech programs and their quality. An initial review in the German-speaking countries found 14 of these programs. However, very few of them have been evaluated, and their interventions have not been derived from a theoretical model (Seemann-Herz et al., 2022). This project is funded by the German Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth. The aim of the project is to compile a catalogue of internationally available anti-hate speech programs, that are targeted particularly at children and youth and that can be used to deal with hate speech in schools. Furthermore, their quality and utility are to be evaluated on a criteria-driven basis by two independent reviewers. In addition to assessing whether the programs are preventive and/or interventive in nature, the analysis focuses on the programs' understanding of the term "hate speech," the theoretical basis of the programs, the intended target group, and the availability of evaluation results. Further quality criteria will be generated in a preliminary study through a qualitative survey of 12 teachers and 12 students in Brandenburg. Here, the focus is primarily on the user-oriented characteristics of the programs and the needs of teachers and students. Finally, the results of the systematic review will be used to derive recommendations for school practitioners. Recommendations for program developers will also be derived, with advice for further development, transfer, and adaptation of the programs. The poster will present and discuss the study design and preliminary results.}, language = {en} } @misc{KrauseWachsBilzetal., author = {Krause, Norman and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig and Schubarth, Wilfried}, title = {„Eine Einsch{\"a}tzung, die in Sekunden passieren muss". Eine qualitative Studie zu Gr{\"u}nden f{\"u}r ausbleibende Interventionen durch das p{\"a}dagogische Schulpersonal bei Hatespeech unter Sch{\"u}ler:innen}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Erziehungswissenschaft}, volume = {26}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Erziehungswissenschaft}, number = {6}, issn = {1434-663X}, doi = {10.1007/s11618-023-01179-3}, pages = {1527 -- 1545}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Studie ermittelt erstmals Gr{\"u}nde f{\"u}r ausbleibende Interventionen durch p{\"a}dagogische Fachkr{\"a}fte bei Hatespeech-Vorf{\"a}llen in der Schule anhand des Entscheidungsmodells f{\"u}r Hilfeverhalten, das einen f{\"u}nfstufigen, kognitiven Abw{\"a}gungsprozess beschreibt, der einer m{\"o}glichen Intervention vorausgeht. Ausgewertet wurden 46 episodische Interviews mit Sch{\"u}ler:innen (n = 21), Lehrkr{\"a}ften (n = 16) und anderem p{\"a}dagogischem Schulpersonal (n = 9) aus Berlin und Brandenburg. Die Analyse des qualitativen Datenmaterials zeigt, dass sich auf allen f{\"u}nf Stufen des Abw{\"a}gungsprozesses Gr{\"u}nde finden lassen, warum Interventionen bei Hatespeech ausbleiben: Das Schulpersonal kann Hatespeech nicht immer wahrnehmen (1), deutet es vor dem Hintergrund jugendtypischer bzw. gewaltvoller Sprachnormen teils nicht als interventionsw{\"u}rdig (2), {\"u}bernimmt die Verantwortung teils nicht - insbesondere bei Online-Hatespeech (3), sch{\"a}tzt die eigenen Interventionskompetenzen als unzureichend ein (4) oder w{\"a}gt Kosten und Nutzen eines m{\"o}glichen Eingreifens zulasten einer tats{\"a}chlichen Interventionshandlung gegeneinander ab (5). Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass eine Sensibilisierung f{\"u}r Hatespeech und ihre Folgen f{\"u}r die Beteiligten, z. B. durch Aufkl{\"a}rung, die Verantwortungs{\"u}bernahme st{\"a}rken k{\"o}nnte. Im qualitativen Datenmaterial lassen sich zudem W{\"u}nsche des Schulpersonals nach Aus- und Weiterbildungsm{\"o}glichkeiten sowie Forderungen nach den notwendigen Kapazit{\"a}ten im Schulalltag finden, um bei Hatespeech angemessen intervenieren zu k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @misc{FischerMaunderBilzetal., author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Maunder, Rachel and Bilz, Ludwig and Bauman, Sheri and Scheithauer, Herbert}, title = {Teachers' Responses to Incidents of Bullying among Students: Study Protocol and Preliminary Results of a Systematic Review on How Teachers React to and Manage Bullying Situations}, series = {27th Workshop on Aggression}, journal = {27th Workshop on Aggression}, doi = {10.17605/OSF.IO/QCGDX}, language = {en} } @misc{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Die unsichtbare Kette. Ergebnisse der Lehrer-Gesundheitsstudie Brandenburg}, series = {Die Grundschule}, volume = {56}, journal = {Die Grundschule}, number = {6}, issn = {0533-3431}, pages = {14 -- 18}, language = {de} } @misc{CastellanosWettsteinBilzetal., author = {Castellanos, Melisa and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig and Wachs, Sebastian}, title = {Racist Hate Speech at School and its Association with Bystanders' Active Defending - The Protective Role of Immigrant Background}, series = {International Journal of Developmental Science}, volume = {17}, journal = {International Journal of Developmental Science}, number = {1-3}, issn = {2192-001X}, doi = {10.3233/DEV-230341}, pages = {31 -- 41}, abstract = {There are scarce studies on bystanders' responses to racist hate speech. The present study was rooted in the general aggression model to examine the direct and indirect associations between witnessing racist hate speech and bystanders' active defending behaviors. Moreover, we examined if these associations varied as a function of the immigration background of bystanders. The sample included 3,225 7th, 8th, and 9th graders (51.7\% girls, 37.2\% with an immigrant background) from 40 schools in Switzerland and Germany. A multilevel mediation path model revealed that witnessing racist hate speech negatively predicted bystanders' active defending. It also had indirect associations with bystanders' active defending via low levels of empathy. Finally, associations were not observed in students with an immigrant background. The findings regarding the potential contribution of these results to preventing hate speech in school are discussed.}, language = {en} } @misc{BilzKansokDuscheWachsetal., author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wachs, Sebastian and Wettstein, Alexander}, title = {Students' Reactions to Hate Speech in Schools: An Experimental Vignette Study on Situational Influences on the Use of Counterspeech}, series = {Aggression and bullying in different cultural contexts, Workshop on Aggression, 2023}, journal = {Aggression and bullying in different cultural contexts, Workshop on Aggression, 2023}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.15124.48001}, pages = {18}, language = {en} } @misc{BilzFischerKansokDuscheetal., author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Fischer, Saskia M. and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wachs, Sebastian and Wettstein, Alexander}, title = {Teachers' intervention strategies for handling hate-speech incidents in schools}, series = {https://gestioneventos.us.es/wcvs2023/programa-detallado}, journal = {https://gestioneventos.us.es/wcvs2023/programa-detallado}, publisher = {Universidad de Sevilla}, address = {Seville}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.23545.85608}, language = {en} } @misc{SchuetzBilz, author = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Increasing loneliness among German children and adolescents from 2018 to 2022: a cross-sectional survey before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic}, series = {Journal of Public Health}, journal = {Journal of Public Health}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {2198-1833}, doi = {10.1007/s10389-024-02356-2}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Aim. Loneliness is an increasingly present topic in scientific and public discourse, and has gained relevance due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, there is a lack of representative studies examining the prevalence of loneliness among children and adolescents before and after the pandemic. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of loneliness among 11- to 15-year-old students before (2018) and after (2022) the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and to investigate subgroup differences. Subject and methods. In this cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, the prevalence of loneliness was compared in two representative samples from the German federal state of Brandenburg from 2018 and 2022. In 2018, data were collected from 3,057 (51.8\% girls, Mage = 13.1, SD = 1.7) and, in 2022, from 3,801 (52.6\% girls, Mage = 13.5, SD = 1.6) students in general education schools. Loneliness was assessed using a single item from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Chi-square test and logistic regressions were performed. Results. In total, 11.8\% of the students reported being lonely in 2018, and 19.3\% reported being lonely in 2022. Loneliness was more prevalent among girls, nonbinary, older adolescents, and students with lower family affluence. The increase in loneliness did not differ depending on age, gender, or family affluence. Conclusion. The findings highlight that loneliness among children and adolescents is a widespread phenomenon that has increased significantly from 2018 to 2022. There is a need for prevention measures and further research into health-related associations of loneliness.}, language = {en} } @misc{BilzFischer, author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Fischer, Saskia M.}, title = {Results of the German HBSC Study: Bullying and cyberbullying at schools in Germany}, series = {Sustainable Health in Children and Students - Reduce the GAP!}, journal = {Sustainable Health in Children and Students - Reduce the GAP!}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.35917.65767}, pages = {8}, language = {en} } @misc{CosmaMartinLoozeetal., author = {Cosma, Alina and Martin, Gina and Looze, Margreet E. de and Walsh, Sophie D. and Paakkari, Leena and Bilz, Ludwig and Gobina, Inese and Page, Nicholas and Hulbert, Sabina and Inchley, Jo and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike and Gaspar, Tania and Stevens, Gonneke W.J.M.}, title = {Cross-national trends in adolescents psychological and somatic complaints before and after the onset of COVID-19 Pandemic}, series = {Journal of Adolescent Health}, journal = {Journal of Adolescent Health}, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, issn = {1054-139X}, doi = {10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.09.028}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Purpose Building on research suggesting that the COVID-19 pandemic may have led to an exacerbation of deteriorating trends in mental health among adolescents, this paper examined trends in adolescents' psychological and somatic complaints across 35 countries from 2010 to 2022, and tested trends in sociodemographic inequalities in these outcomes between 2018 and 2022. Methods Using data from 792,606 adolescents from 35 countries (51\% girls; mean age = 13.5; standard deviation 1.6) across four Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys (2010, 2014, 2018, 2022), hierarchical multilevel models estimated cross-national trends in adolescent psychological and somatic complaints. We tested whether observed values in 2022 were in line with predicted values based on 2010-2018 linear trends. Finally, moderation effects of age, family affluence, and family structures on the outcomes were tested (2018-2022). Results Both girls and boys showed substantially higher levels of psychological complaints in 2022 compared with the predicted values. For somatic complaints, higher levels than predicted in 2022 were observed only in girls. Moderation analyses revealed an increase from 2018 to 2022 in age gaps and a narrowing in the socioeconomic gap for both outcomes. Also, there was a widening gap between adolescents living with 2 parents and those living in a single parent household in 2022 compared to 2018. Discussion Cross-national increases in adolescent psychological and somatic complaints were higher than expected in 2022, based on previous trends. Magnitudes of change varied across different sociodemographics groups, with implications for pre-existing mental health inequalities.}, language = {en} } @misc{DadaczynskiKamanRavensSiebereretal., author = {Dadaczynski, Kevin and Kaman, Anne and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike and Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig and Sendatzki, Saskia and Helmchen, Ronja M. and Rathmann, Katharina and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Problematische Nutzung digitaler Medien und Gesundheitskompetenz von Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern in Deutschland : Befunde der HBSC-Studie 2022}, series = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {1436-9990}, doi = {10.1007/s00103-025-04008-6}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Hintergrund Der digitale Alltag von Kindern und Jugendlichen ist durch eine hohe Nutzung sozialer Medien und digitaler Spiele gepr{\"a}gt. Bisherige Forschung konnte gesundheitsabtr{\"a}gliche Konsequenzen einer problematischen Mediennutzung aufzeigen. Hingegen wurden Zusammenh{\"a}nge mit der Gesundheitskompetenz kaum untersucht, obgleich Rahmenmodelle Gesundheitskompetenz als Determinante des Gesundheitsverhaltens nahelegen. Methoden Dieser Beitrag greift auf Daten der repr{\"a}sentativen Studie „Health Behaviour in School-aged Children" (HBSC) in Deutschland aus dem Jahr 2022 mit n = 6475 Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern zur{\"u}ck. Es wurden Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen der problematischen Nutzung von sozialen Medien und der Videospielintensit{\"a}t sowie der Gesundheitskompetenz unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung soziodemografischer und -{\"o}konomischer Merkmale bivariat und multivariat untersucht. Ergebnisse Die Pr{\"a}valenz der problematischen Nutzung sozialer Medien betrug 11,1 \% und etwa ein Drittel gab an, mehr als 9 h pro Woche mit digitalen Spielen zu verbringen. Eine geringe Gesundheitskompetenz stand mit beiden Formen der Mediennutzung in signifikantem Zusammenhang. Zudem war die problematische Nutzung sozialer Medien mit einer weiblichen und genderdiversen Geschlechtszugeh{\"o}rigkeit, dem Alter von 13 Jahren, dem Vorliegen eines Migrationshintergrunds und der Zugeh{\"o}rigkeit zu einer anderen Schulform als das Gymnasium verbunden. Eine hohe Spielintensit{\"a}t war mit einer m{\"a}nnlichen und genderdiversen Geschlechtszuordnung, der Zugeh{\"o}rigkeit zu den Altersgruppen der 13- und 15-J{\"a}hrigen und einem geringen famili{\"a}ren Wohlstand assoziiert. Diskussion Die Ergebnisse liefern nicht nur Hinweise f{\"u}r die Identifikation von Heranwachsenden mit besonderem Pr{\"a}ventionsbedarf, sondern betonen auch die Relevanz, die der Gesundheitskompetenz f{\"u}r das Mediennutzungsverhalten zukommt. Exemplarische Empfehlungen werden unter R{\"u}ckgriff auf die internationale Literatur aufgegriffen.}, language = {de} } @misc{ReissOttovaJordanBilzetal., author = {Reiß, Franziska and Ottov{\´a}-Jordan, Veronika and Bilz, Ludwig and Moor, Irene and Dadaczynski, Kevin and Helmchen, Ronja M. and Schierl, Theresa and Sendatzki, Saskia and Rathmann, Katharina and Kaman, Anne and Study Group Germany, HBSC and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike}, title = {Effects of the corona measures on the life of children and adolescents : results of the German HBSC study 2022}, series = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, volume = {2025}, journal = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, number = {10 (1)}, issn = {2511-2708}, doi = {10.25646/13002}, pages = {16}, abstract = {Background: The containment measures of the COVID-19 pandemic have changed many people's daily lives. The study examines how children and adolescents assess the impact of the coronavirus measures on various areas of life. Methods: Overall, N = 6,475 students (11 -15 years) in Germany took part in the representative 'Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC)' study in 2022. Logistic regressions were performed to investigate the relationships between the perceived impact of the coronavirus measures on various areas of their lives by age, gender and family wealth. Results: Two years after the onset of the pandemic, children and adolescents reported both, positive and negative effects of the coronavirus measures. About a half of those surveyed perceived positive effects regarding social relationships. In contrast, approximately one in three respondents reported a deterioration in mental health and school performance. In particular, 11-year-olds, boys and wealthy students reported more often positive effects. Conclusions: The positive effects of the pandemic on the lives of children and adolescents in individual areas and the resilience (resistance) that is emerging here, as well as the results on more negative assessments of adolescents, girls and respondents with lower family wealth, can be used as a starting point for a needs-oriented and target group-specific health promotion in times of crisis. Future research should focus on the pandemic's long-term effects on young people's development.}, language = {en} } @misc{HotoppBilzFischeretal., author = {Hotopp, Helena and Bilz, Ludwig and Fischer, Saskia M. and Scheithauer, Herbert and Allroggen, Marc and Watzinger, Felix and Lechner, Viola and Siddique, Madita and G{\"a}rtner, Gesa M. H. and Bock, Cora}, title = {Stoppt Mobbing - Umsetzung des Forschungsprojekts "Anti-Mobbing-Training f{\"u}r Lehrkr{\"a}fte": Eine randomisiert-kontrollierte Vergleichsstudie zur differentiellen Wirksamkeit und den Wirkmechanismen eines lehrkraftzentrierten kooperativen Interventionstrainings}, series = {DGUV Forum Forschung 2025}, journal = {DGUV Forum Forschung 2025}, address = {Dresden}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.32256.55044}, language = {de} } @book{FischerKansokDuscheBartholomaeusetal., author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Bartholom{\"a}us, Peter and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Schule ohne Hass : praxisbezogene Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung zur Qualit{\"a}t von Anti-Hatespeech-Programmen}, edition = {1}, publisher = {Brandenburgische Technische Universit{\"a}t Cottbus-Senftenberg, Institut f{\"u}r Gesundheit}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-940471-81-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-69497}, pages = {54}, abstract = {Junge Menschen werden online, aber auch im Schulalltag zunehmend Zeug:innen, Ziel und mitunter auch Aus{\"u}bende von Hatespeech. Hatespeech ist eine Form menschenfeindlicher {\"A}ußerungen und stellt Schulen, zu deren Aufgaben auch Demokratiebildung geh{\"o}rt, vor besondere Herausforderungen. Um Sch{\"u}ler:innen f{\"u}r Hatespeech zu sensibilisieren, sie beim Umgang mit Hatespeech-Situationen zu unterst{\"u}tzen und ihnen erfolgreiche Strategien gegen Hatespeech zu vermitteln, steht eine Vielzahl an Anti-Hatespeech-Programmen zur Verf{\"u}gung, deren Zielsetzungen, Umfang und Qualit{\"a}t sich stark voneinander unterscheiden. In einer durch das Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend im Rahmen des Bundesprogramms „Demokratie leben!" gef{\"o}rderten Studie wurden national und international verf{\"u}gbare Anti-Hatespeech-Programme ermittelt und einer systematischen Qualit{\"a}tsanalyse unterzogen. Dabei wurden 16 Qualit{\"a}tskriterien einbezogen, die sowohl aus wissenschaftlicher als auch aus praxisbezogener Perspektive ermittelt wurden. Insgesamt wurden 27 Anti-Hatespeech-Programme eingesch{\"a}tzt. In dieser Publikation werden die zentralen Ergebnisse zu den 27 Programmen praxisnah vorgestellt, sodass Praktiker:innen an Schulen eine fundierte Auswahl treffen k{\"o}nnen. Dazu werden die zentralen Inhalte, Zielgruppen und Kontextbedingungen wie z. B. Dauer, Format und Kosten, aber auch die Ergebnisse der Qualit{\"a}tseinsch{\"a}tzung f{\"u}r jedes der 27 Programme vorgestellt. F{\"u}r ausgew{\"a}hlte Situationen und Zielstellungen werden einzelne Programme exemplarisch n{\"a}her beschrieben. Generelle Empfehlungen f{\"u}r die Auswahl von Programmen inklusive einer Checkliste runden die Publikation f{\"u}r Praktiker:innen ab.}, language = {de} } @misc{FischerMacaulayBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Macaulay, Peter J. R. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Staff communication at school and student-student relationship quality in the classroom : direct and indirect effects on students' experiences as bullies, bullied, and bully-victims}, series = {International Journal of Bullying Prevention}, volume = {2025}, journal = {International Journal of Bullying Prevention}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {2523-3653}, doi = {10.1007/s42380-024-00283-0}, pages = {19}, abstract = {Bullying research is often based upon Bronfenbrenner's socioecological model, focusing on contextual level aspects associated with individual bullying experiences. Thus, various relevant contextual determinants of bullying have been identified, including classroom climate and school climate. However, even if interpersonal relationships are defined broadly in the definitions of classroom and (especially) school climate, its empirical investigation is limited to student-student or student-teacher relationships. In the current study, we included aspects of teacher-teacher relationships in the analyses by investigating staff communication at school. We investigated the associations between staff communication, student-student relationship quality in the classroom, and students' bullying experiences. In addition, we investigated if staff communication may be indirectly linked to students' bullying experiences via student-student relationships in the classroom. The sample was drawn from 556 teachers (79\% female, Mage = 50.6, SDage = 8.44) and 2,071 students (49\% female, Mage = 13.63, SDage = 1.17) in 114 classes across 24 schools in Germany. Two-level- and three-level models were performed. Findings suggest that rivalry as an aspect of student-student relationships in the classroom (a part of the classroom climate) is associated with students' bullying experiences as bullies, victims, and bully-victims. While staff communication is not directly associated with students' bullying experiences, it is indirectly associated with it via rivalry in the classroom. The findings also show that staff communication at school is associated with student-student relationships in the classroom. The study has implications for school-wide anti-bullying measures that should also include teacher-teacher aspects, and that future research should endeavour to include both class-level and school-level contexts.}, language = {en} } @misc{ReissOttovaJordanBilzetal., author = {Reiß, Franziska and Ottov{\´a}-Jordan, Veronika and Bilz, Ludwig and Moor, Irene and Dadaczynski, Kevin and Helmchen, Ronja M. and Schierl, Theresa and Sendatzki, Saskia and Rathmann, Katharina and Kaman, Anne and Deutschland, HBSC-Studienverbund and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike}, title = {Auswirkungen der Corona-Maßnahmen auf das Leben von Kindern und Jugendlichen: Ergebnisse der bundesweiten HBSC-Studie 2022}, series = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, volume = {10}, journal = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, number = {1}, organization = {Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin}, issn = {2511-2708}, doi = {10.25646/12954}, pages = {17}, abstract = {Hintergrund: Die Eind{\"a}mmungsmaßnahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie haben den Alltag vieler Menschen ver{\"a}ndert. Untersucht wird, wie Kinder und Jugendliche die Auswirkungen der Corona-Maßnahmen auf verschiedene Lebensbereiche einsch{\"a}tzen. Methode: An der repr{\"a}sentativen „Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC)"-Studie haben 2022 bundesweit N = 6.475 Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler (11 -15 Jahre) teilgenommen. Mittels logistischer Regressionen wurden Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen den wahrgenommenen Auswirkungen der Corona-Maßnahmen auf verschiedene Bereiche ihres Lebens und den Faktoren Alter, Geschlecht und famili{\"a}rer Wohlstand untersucht. Ergebnisse: Zwei Jahre nach Pandemiebeginn berichteten Kinder und Jugendliche sowohl positive als auch negative Auswirkungen der Corona-Maßnahmen. Bei den sozialen Beziehungen nahm etwa die H{\"a}lfte der Befragten positive Auswirkungen wahr. Dagegen gab etwa jede bzw. jeder dritte Befragte Verschlechterungen bei der seelischen Gesundheit und den schulischen Leistungen an. Vor allem 11-J{\"a}hrige, Jungen und Befragte mit hohem famili{\"a}ren Wohlstand berichteten von positiven Auswirkungen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die in Einzelbereichen positiven Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf das Leben von Kindern und Jugendlichen und die sich hier abzeichnende Resilienz (Widerstandskraft) sowie die Ergebnisse zu negativeren Einsch{\"a}tzungen von Jugendlichen, M{\"a}dchen und Befragten mit niedrigerem famili{\"a}ren Wohlstand k{\"o}nnen als Ausgangspunkt f{\"u}r eine bedarfsorientierte und zielgruppenspezifische Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung in Krisenzeiten genutzt werden. Gegenstand zuk{\"u}nftiger Forschung sollten die Langzeitfolgen der Pandemie auf die Entwicklung junger Menschen sein.}, language = {de} } @book{StuermerBilz, author = {St{\"u}rmer, Elisabeth and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Die Gr{\"u}ndung und Funktionsweise von Schulzentren im Land Brandenburg : Abschlussbericht zur wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung im Auftrag des Brandenburger Ministeriums f{\"u}r Bildung, Jugend und Sport}, series = {Schriftenreihe des Instituts f{\"u}r Gesundheit}, volume = {9}, journal = {Schriftenreihe des Instituts f{\"u}r Gesundheit}, editor = {Bilz, Ludwig}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Brandenburgische Technische Universit{\"a}t Cottbus-Senftenberg, Institut f{\"u}r Gesundheit}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-940471-83-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-69470}, pages = {424}, abstract = {Schulzentren sind Zusammenschl{\"u}sse von Grundschulen mit weiterf{\"u}hrenden Schulen (Ober- oder Gesamtschulen) im Land Brandenburg. Sie sollen l{\"a}ngeres gemeinsames Lernen f{\"o}rdern, Bildungsgerechtigkeit st{\"a}rken und Synergieeffekte durch den Zusammenschluss von Prim{\"a}r- und Sekundarstufe erzielen. Im Auftrag des Brandenburger Ministeriums f{\"u}r Bildung, Jugend und Sport wurden in dieser Studie der Gr{\"u}ndungsprozess und die Funktionsweise von Schulzentren untersucht. Im Einzelnen zielten die Forschungsfragen auf die Motivlagen der AkteurInnen bei der Gr{\"u}ndung, ihre M{\"o}glichkeiten der Beeinflussung des Prozesses, die Gelingensbedingungen und Hemmnisse sowie die Synergieeffekte. Weiterhin ging es um die zeitlichen Ver{\"a}nderungen der Motivlagen der beteiligten Akteur:innen, die Funktionsbedingungen von Schulzentren im Vergleich zu unverbundenen Schulen, die Rolle der Schulentwicklungsplanung und den Einfluss der Schulzentren auf die Sch{\"u}lerstr{\"o}me. Die Studie nutzte eine Kombination aus quantitativen und qualitativen Forschungsmethoden zur Untersuchung dieser Forschungsfragen. Es wurden wiederholte Online-Befragungen mit Lehrpersonen und Schulleitungen an allen 41 Schulzentren durchgef{\"u}hrt, schulstatistische Daten analysiert und kontrastierende Einzelfallstudien an sieben Schulzentren durchgef{\"u}hrt. Letztere umfassten ExpertInneninterviews mit AkteurInnen aus Bildungspolitik, Schulverwaltung und Einzelschulen sowie Dokumentenanalysen von Schulprogrammen und Schulentwicklungspl{\"a}nen. Der Bericht stellt die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung vor und gibt auf dieser Grundlage Empfehlungen f{\"u}r die verschiedenen Phasen des Gr{\"u}ndungsprozesses eines Schulzentrums.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {{\"A}ngste bei Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern : Pr{\"a}vention und Intervention im schulischen Kontext}, series = {Lehrer-Sch{\"u}ler-Interaktion : Inhaltsfelder, Forschungsperspektiven und methodische Zug{\"a}nge}, booktitle = {Lehrer-Sch{\"u}ler-Interaktion : Inhaltsfelder, Forschungsperspektiven und methodische Zug{\"a}nge}, editor = {Schweer, Martin K. W.}, edition = {4., {\"u}berarbeitete und aktualisierte Auflage}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-45041-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-45042-7_15}, pages = {363 -- 383}, abstract = {In diesem Beitrag werden {\"A}ngste betrachtet, die im Kontext Schule auftreten und f{\"u}r die sich, neben der Frage nach der klinischen, auch die Frage nach der p{\"a}dagogischen Relevanz stellt. Im Einzelnen wird auf Trennungs-, Leistungs- und Pr{\"u}fungs{\"a}ngste sowie auf soziale {\"A}ngste eingegangen. Neben den Ursachen von {\"A}ngsten und Angstst{\"o}rungen werden Folgen von {\"A}ngsten, insbesondere f{\"u}r das Lernen in der Schule, und Herausforderungen bei der Diagnostik vorgestellt. Der Beitrag endet mit Handlungsempfehlungen f{\"u}r die gestufte Pr{\"a}vention und Intervention bei schulbezogenen {\"A}ngsten auf der Klassen- und Schulebene sowie auf der individuellen Ebene.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Zeissig, author = {Zeißig, Anke}, title = {Boredom as the originator of a desideratum : reflections on the creative and suppressive consequences of boredom in the school context}, series = {Boredom : the elephant in the room}, booktitle = {Boredom : the elephant in the room}, editor = {Sommer, Doris and Austin, Robert D. and Vuyk, Alexandra and Ndetei, David M. and Prevelakis, Nicolas and Sacco, Pier Luigi and Velasco, Josefa Ros}, publisher = {Frontiers Media SA}, address = {Lausanne}, isbn = {978-2-8325-5176-9}, issn = {1664-8714}, doi = {10.3389/fsoc.2023.1214069}, pages = {61 -- 68}, abstract = {Bored children begin to draw, do crafts, to fidget - or they do something bad. Others fall silent, withdraw, or become lethargic. Research on school-related boredom has focused primarily on the negative consequences of boredom, such as decreased cognitive performance, motivation or attentativeness, or disruptiveness. These negative aspects of boredom can be contrasted by the notion that boredom can promote creative performance. This paper reflects on boredom's creative and suppressive consequences as an interplay of personality traits and behavioral possibilities in school situations, on the one hand, and as an interplay of situational experiences with constituent developmental processes on the other. It is proposed that boredom is a gauge of the learner's resonance with school content, learning and/or developmental relationships. Boredom indicates a psychological need and its desideratum. Thus, both creative and suppressive potentials are inherent in boredom.}, language = {en} } @misc{MacaulayBaraldsnesBrettetal., author = {Macaulay, Peter J. R. and Baraldsnes, Dziuginta and Brett, Hannah and Paljakka, Antonia and Fischer, Saskia M.}, title = {Parent-teacher collaborations in preventing and tackling bullying and cyberbullying : a systematic review}, series = {World Anti-Bullying Forum 2023, October 25-27, 2023, North Carolina, U.S.A.}, journal = {World Anti-Bullying Forum 2023, October 25-27, 2023, North Carolina, U.S.A.}, doi = {10.17605/OSF.IO/BNDHG}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Introduction Research on bullying prevention and intervention is very often conducted against the theoretical background of socio-ecological models (e.g., the socio-ecological diathesis-stress model; Swearer \& Hymel, 2015). This leads to a special focus on different social contexts, without which the complexity of bullying processes cannot be understood. In recent years, the role of the teacher in the bullying process has received special attention in research (Colpin et al, 2021). The importance of the teacher's actions in reducing existing bullying or preventing further bullying has been highlighted in various works, and the need to include teachers in anti-bullying measures and to train them actively in bullying intervention behaviour is emphasised in meta-analyses (Gaffney et al., 2019, 2021; Van Verseveld et al., 2019). When it comes to concrete steps for teachers, many anti-bullying programmes also emphasise the involvement of parents, which in some countries also results from legal requirements. A meta-analysis showed that school-wide anti-bullying programs with a component of parental involvement can be successful in reducing bullying perpetration and victimization (Huang et al., 2019). Furthermore, the involvement of parents is also important against the background of socio-ecological theory models, as parents represent a significant socialisation context. Cooperation between home and school can influence the behaviour of students as an influence from the mesosystem. However, only a few studies go beyond the requirement of such cooperation, and also the information provided on parent components in anti-bullying programs are limited (Huang et al., 2019). The aim of the systematic review is to identify research findings that provide information on the effectiveness and nature of home-school cooperation in bullying prevention and intervention. Method The aim is to identify and analyse literature that looks at 1) both the school context and the family context and 2) the interaction of the two contexts in relation to bullying occurrence, bullying development, bullying prevention and bullying intervention. For this purpose, a systematic literature search is conducted in the databases Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. In addition, a call for grey literature will be distributed in relevant networks (e.g., International Society for Research on Aggression, national psychological societies in Germany, Austria, England, and Norway). The search term has not yet been finalised, but will contain the terms "Bully*", "Parent* OR Home" and "School OR teacher", which will be connected by AND. Both qualitative and quantitative studies will be included with no restrictions on the publication period. Publications in English and German will be included (other languages cannot be included, as only one person in the research team speaks another language and thus no double coding can take place). In the coming months, the research group will create and test a detailed coding manual specific for the research questions of the review. The quality assessment will be done through an established tool for qualitative and quantitative publications (e.g., Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool MMAT, Hong et al., 2018). The screening of titles, abstracts, and keywords according to inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as the full coding of the included publications will each be carried out by two persons. Interrater reliability will be calculated. Results Results are not yet available. We will be able to present the first results at the WABF. These will include, in particular, an overview of the identified relevant literature (e.g., number, information on publication types, sample size and country, result of quality assessment) and its research questions, as well as the summary of the identified results. Conclusion Through the systematic review, we will provide an up-to-date, comprehensive overview of the current state of the literature on parent-teacher collaboration in the context of bullying prevention and intervention. Detailed conclusions will be drawn from the initial findings, which can be presented at WABF. Implications for research/practice The comprehensive and up-to-date research review will identify research gaps and provide suggestions for future research on parent-teacher cooperation in the bullying context. By processing findings on the effect of the family and school developmental context on bullying processes when both contexts are considered simultaneously, implications for practice can also be expected. Previous findings call for collaboration between home and school in addressing bullying, and in some cases, as in the meta-analysis by Huang et al. (2019), depict its impact. However, details on the design of this cooperation, on hurdles and challenges, on legal frameworks and on aspects of cooperation that support a successful effect of cooperation are largely missing. By systematically compiling the findings to date, we provide not only academics but also practitioners with an up-to-date overview of the findings. This will enable practitioners to train teachers on collaborating with parents when incidents of bullying has occurred under consideration of recent scientific findings, supporting the practical usage of scientific findings. Selected References Colpin, H., Bauman, S. \& Menesini, E. (2021). Teachers' responses to bullying: Unravelling their consequences and antecedents: Introduction to the special issue. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18(6), 781-797. Gaffney, H., Ttofi, M. M. \& Farrington, D. P. (2019). Evaluating the effectiveness of school-bullying prevention programs: An updated meta-analytical review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 45, 111-133. Gaffney, H., Ttofi, M. M. \& Farrington, D. P. (2021). What works in anti-bullying programs? Analysis of effective intervention components. Journal of School Psychology, 85, 37-56. Hong, Q. N., F{\`a}bregues, S., Bartlett, G., Boardman, F., Cargo, M., Dagenais, P., Gagnon, M.-P., Griffiths, F., Nicolau, B., O'Cathain, A., Rousseau, M.-C., \& Vedel, I. (2018). Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) Version 2018. User Guide. Available under http://mixedmethodsappraisaltoolpublic.pbworks.com Huang, Y., Espelage, D. L., Polanin, J. R., \& Hong, J. S. (2019). A meta-analytic review of school-based anti-bullying programs with a parent component. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 1, 32-44. Swearer, S. M., \& Hymel, S. (2015). Understanding the psychology of bullying. Moving toward a social-ecological diathesis-stress model. American Psychologist, 70(4), 344-353. Van Verseveld, M. D. A., Fukkink, R. G., Fekkes, M. \& Oostdam, R. J. (2019). Effects of antibullying programs on teachers' interventions in bullying situations. A meta-analysis. Psychology in the Schools, 56(9), 1522-1539.}, language = {en} } @misc{FionnaErhartSchuetzetal., author = {Fionna, Zoellner and Erhart, Michael and Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Napp, Ann-Kathrin and Devine, Janine and Reiss, Franziska and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike and Kaman, Anne}, title = {Two decades of loneliness among children and adolescents : longitudinal trends, risks and resources : results from the German BELLA and COPSY studies}, series = {European child \& adolescent psychiatry}, volume = {2025}, journal = {European child \& adolescent psychiatry}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1018-8827}, doi = {10.1007/s00787-025-02779-6}, pages = {1 -- 13}, abstract = {Loneliness among young people is a significant public health concern, yet research on its prevalence, longitudinal trends, and associated risk and resource factors in Germany remains limited. This paper draws on two German longitudinal panel surveys with refreshment sampling - the BELLA study (2003-2017) and the subsequent COPSY study (2020-2024), and includes ten nationwide measurement points. The sample comprised N = 3,043 participants (49.9\% female; age range 11-17 years) from the BELLA study, and N = 1,909 participants (51.0\% female; age range 11-17 years) from the COPSY study. Our findings indicate that loneliness rates remained relatively stable between 2003 and 2017 (9.5-15.5\%) but spiked dramatically in 2020 (34.6\%) during the COVID-19 pandemic. By 2024, 20.5\% of young people still reported feeling lonely at least sometimes during the past week. Consistently, girls were more likely to report loneliness than boys. Mixed model panel regression analyses identified key risk factors for loneliness, like female gender, screen time, parental mental illness, as well as mental and physical health complaints in children and adolescents. In contrast, personal, familial, and social resources were associated with lower levels of loneliness. While some degree of loneliness is a common experience in youth, persistent loneliness poses a risk to mental and physical health. Our findings underscore the need for targeted interventions, particularly in school, leisure, and family settings, where social and emotional skills can be fostered.}, language = {en} } @misc{MoorBuckschFischeretal., author = {Moor, Irene and Bucksch, Jens and Fischer, Saskia M. and Reiß, Franziska and Schierl, Theresa and Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Sendatzki, Saskia and Winter, Kristina and HBSC Studienverbund, and Dadaczynski, Kevin}, title = {Die Gesundheit von Sch{\"u}ler:innen in Deutschland : Ergebnisse der HBSC-Studie}, series = {Public health forum}, volume = {33}, journal = {Public health forum}, number = {2}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin ; Boston, Massachusetts}, issn = {0944-5587}, doi = {10.1515/pubhef-2025-0010}, pages = {126 -- 130}, abstract = {Die HBSC-Studie ist die weltweit gr{\"o}ßte Studie zur Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit und erfasst alle vier Jahre die Gesundheit und das Gesundheitsverhalten im Schulkontext. Die aktuellen Ergebnisse in Deutschland weisen auf Handlungsbedarf in den Bereichen psychische Gesundheit, (Cyber-)Mobbing, Einsamkeit, k{\"o}rperliche Aktivit{\"a}t, Gesundheitskompetenz und gesundheitliche Chancengleichheit hin. Vor allem M{\"a}dchen, gender-diverse, {\"a}ltere und sozio{\"o}konomisch benachteiligte Heranwachsende sollten adressiert werden.}, language = {de} } @misc{SchuetzReissMooretal., author = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Reiss, Franziska and Moor, Irene and Kaman, Anne and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Lonely children and adolescents are less healthy and report less social support : a study on the effect of loneliness on mental health and the moderating role of social support}, series = {BMC public health}, volume = {25}, journal = {BMC public health}, publisher = {BioMed Central (BMC)}, address = {London}, issn = {1471-2458}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-025-23247-5}, pages = {1 -- 21}, abstract = {Background Loneliness among children and adolescents has been increasingly recognized as a public health issue, for example, because of its associations with mental health problems. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence regarding the links between loneliness and mental health and the potential buffering role of social support. Thus, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of loneliness among children and adolescents in Germany and its associations with mental health. Furthermore, we analyze whether social support is negatively correlated with loneliness and mental health problems and whether it acts as a moderator of the association between loneliness and mental health issues. Methods This study analyzed data from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in Germany in 2022, which included 6,475 students aged 11, 13, and 15 years (girls: 50,6\%, Mage = 13,4, SD = 1,7). Loneliness was measured via the University of California-Los Angeles Scale (UCLA) and a single-item measure. The mental health indicators included subjective health, life satisfaction, and multiple psychosomatic complaints. Social support from family, teachers, and classmates was assessed. Chi-square tests, t tests, logistic regressions, and moderation analyses were conducted. Results A total of 17.2\% of the students reported high levels of loneliness. Compared with boys, girls and gender-diverse students reported higher rates of loneliness. High levels of loneliness were strongly linked to poorer subjective health (OR = 5.56, p <.001), lower life satisfaction (OR = 7.32, p <.001), and increased psychosomatic complaints (OR = 7.38, p <.001). High social support from family, teachers, and students was associated with reduced loneliness and better mental health outcomes. Teacher support in grades 7 and 9 buffered the effect of loneliness on multiple psychosomatic complaints. Conclusion The findings highlight that loneliness is a prevalent phenomenon among children and adolescents and is strongly associated with mental health issues. Greater social support is linked to reduced loneliness and better mental health, so targeted interventions to promote social support in schools and families are needed to address loneliness. Future research should explore longitudinal relationships and further elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Emotionale St{\"o}rungen bei Sch{\"u}ler*innen}, series = {Schulpsychologie : ein Lehrbuch f{\"u}r die Praxis}, booktitle = {Schulpsychologie : ein Lehrbuch f{\"u}r die Praxis}, editor = {Pfetsch, Jan and Georges, Steffgen and Matthias, B{\"o}hmer}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-71374-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-71375-4_22}, pages = {179 -- 186}, abstract = {Depressionen und {\"A}ngste geh{\"o}ren zu den h{\"a}ufigsten psychischen Problemen des Kindes- und Jugendalters und haben bei vielen Sch{\"u}ler*innen einen engen Bezug zur schulischen Umwelt. In diesem Kapitel wird auf die Symptomatik, Verbreitung, Diagnostik und Pr{\"a}vention/Intervention von Depressionen, Trennungs{\"a}ngsten, sozialen {\"A}ngsten, Leistungs- und Pr{\"u}fungs{\"a}ngsten eingegangen. Dem Beitrag liegt ein dimensionales Verst{\"a}ndnis von emotionalen St{\"o}rungen zugrunde. N{\"a}her betrachtet werden depressive Beschwerden und {\"A}ngste, f{\"u}r die jenseits der klinischen Relevanz auch von Interesse ist, ob und wie sie die Entwicklung und das Lernen in der Schule beeintr{\"a}chtigen.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Schul- und Klassenklima}, series = {Schulpsychologie : ein Lehrbuch f{\"u}r die Praxis}, booktitle = {Schulpsychologie : ein Lehrbuch f{\"u}r die Praxis}, editor = {Pfetsch, Jan and Steffgen, Georges and B{\"o}hmer, Matthias}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-71374-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-71375-4_7}, pages = {55 -- 61}, abstract = {Das Schul- und Klassenklima steht f{\"u}r die Wahrnehmungen der schulischen Umwelt durch die Sch{\"u}ler*innen, z. B. wie sie den Unterricht, ihre Beziehungen untereinander oder zu den Lehrkr{\"a}ften einsch{\"a}tzen. Da das Klima an Schulen und in Klassen eng mit den Lernergebnissen, der sozialen Entwicklung und dem Wohlbefinden von Sch{\"u}ler*innen zusammenh{\"a}ngt, ist es ein wichtiger Gegenstand schulpsychologischer Diagnostik und Intervention. Dieser Beitrag geht auf die Definition und die Komponenten des Klimas an Schulen und Schulklassen ein und stellt verschiedene Erhebungsverfahren vor. Mit Bezugnahme auf zentrale Theorien wird auf die Auswirkungen des Klimas auf Sch{\"u}ler*innen und Lehrkr{\"a}fte eingegangen, es werden Befunde zur Sicht deutscher Sch{\"u}ler*innen auf die Schule pr{\"a}sentiert sowie Strategien zur F{\"o}rderung des Schul- und Klassenklimas vorgestellt.}, language = {de} } @misc{KansokDuscheBilzFischeretal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Bilz, Ludwig and Fischer, Saskia M. and Bartholom{\"a}us, Peter}, title = {What works in hate speech prevention and intervention in schools? : results of a systematic review of school-based programs to deal with hate speech}, series = {World Anti-Bullying Forum, June 11 - 13, 2025, Stavanger, Norway}, journal = {World Anti-Bullying Forum, June 11 - 13, 2025, Stavanger, Norway}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MQWGJ}, pages = {1 -- 17}, abstract = {Hate speech (HS) is a global issue. The intentional expression of group-related derogation has become more widespread in recent years and potentially bears negative consequences for individuals, communities, and societies (Kansok-Dusche et al., 2023). After the internet, the school is a context where children and adolescents perpetrate and witness HS or become victims of it (Castellanos et al., 2023). However, schools also represent a suitable location to address HS incidents and to prevent future HS. To date, there is limited evidence on the availability, quality, and effectiveness of school-based programs to deal with HS. This systematic review aims to compile a catalog of available school-based programs on HS that particularly target children and adolescents. Two independent reviewers evaluated the programs' quality on a criteria-driven basis. The quality criteria combine perspectives from science (e.g., Nation et al., 2003) and secondary school teachers, and from students. The perspectives of the school practitioners were collected in qualitative interviews and focus group discussions. Two coders extracted the quality criteria using grounded theory methods. Of the 27 programs identified, 25 originate from Europe. The presentation will provide an overview of the programs and their quality results. Recommendations will be given for program implementation in schools and for further program improvement.}, language = {de} } @misc{ZeissigMoellerFischeretal., author = {Zeißig, Anke and Moeller, Julia and Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {How students' unsatisfied needs in class situations relate to their current boredom : an experience sampling method study}, series = {Preprint}, journal = {Preprint}, publisher = {Research Square}, doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-7211748/v1}, abstract = {Boredom in classrooms is attributed to a lack of meaningfulness, over- or under challenging tasks, a lack of mental stimulation or a lack of autonomy. Previous research has mostly studied the effect of these few needs separately of each other, leaving questions about the comparative effects of different psychological needs on boredom unanswered. The present study integrates these predictors and combines them with six others in one joint study, to determine the respective contribution of each individual unsatisfied needs to boredom in the classroom in comparison with the others, differentiating between the situational and personal levels.A pre-registered study was conducted with 111 ninth-grade students at secondary schools. The study used the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), examining students' boredom directly in classroom situations. Unsatisfied needs and boredom were recorded on average 15 times for each student in various teaching situations.Multilevel regression analyses showed that unsatisfied needs, particularly for mental stimulation, but also for competence, autonomy, and meaningfulness, predicted students' boredom in the classroom. The unsatisfied need for relatedness (i.e. sense of belonging or relationship) was not a direct predictor of boredom, but significantly interacted with gender in predicting boredom. Unsatisfied needs for luxury/aesthetics, influence, self-esteem, physical thriving and security had no predictive effect on boredom. Differences in boredom between individuals were partly explained by gender, as boys experienced higher boredom than girls. Within the individuals, there was a difference between school subjects, with higher boredom in language than in science lessons. The study augments the previously few and isolated findings on the association between unsatisfied psychological needs and boredom.}, language = {en} } @misc{KansokDuscheWachsWettsteinetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wachs, Sebastian and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Associations between teachers' latent competency profiles and their hate speech interventions in school : a multilevel person-centered approach}, series = {27th Workshop on Aggression (November 26-28, 2025)}, journal = {27th Workshop on Aggression (November 26-28, 2025)}, doi = {10.17605/OSF.IO/ZD79H}, pages = {1 -- 21}, language = {en} } @misc{KansokDusche, author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia}, title = {Schulbezogene Programme zum Umgang mit Hatespeech : empirische Erkenntnisse und praxisnahe Ans{\"a}tze f{\"u}r Programmentwickelnde [Vortrag vom 5.12.2025]}, editor = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Medienp{\"a}dagogik und Kommunikationskultur e.V. (GMK),}, abstract = {Im ersten Teil des Vortrags werden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der systematischen Qualit{\"a}tseinsch{\"a}tzung von 27 Anti-Hatespeech-Programmen kurz und praxisnah zusammengefasst. Der zweite Teil beinhaltet die Vorstellung empirischer Ergebnisse zu Einflussfaktoren auf Lehrkr{\"a}fte-Interventionen im Umgang mit Hatespeech-Vorf{\"a}llen, die durch Befragungen von Lehrkr{\"a}ften im Sekundarschulbereich ermittelt wurden. Potenziale zur Integration und Weiterentwicklung dieser Erkenntnisse in schulbezogenen Anti-Hatespeech-Programmen werden aufgezeigt.}, language = {de} } @misc{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Hatespeech hat Folgen}, series = {G+G Spezial}, volume = {2026}, journal = {G+G Spezial}, number = {1}, publisher = {AOK Medien GmbH}, address = {Remagen}, issn = {1436-1728}, pages = {16 -- 17}, language = {de} }