@misc{WandschneiderBatramZantvoortAlazeetal., author = {Wandschneider, Lisa and Batram-Zantvoort, Stephanie and Alaze, Anita and Niehues, Vera and Spallek, Jacob and Razum, Oliver and Miani, C{\´e}line}, title = {Self-reported mental well-being of mothers with young children during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: A mixed-methods study}, series = {Women's Health}, volume = {18}, journal = {Women's Health}, issn = {1617-8041}, doi = {10.1177/17455057221114274}, pages = {1 -- 17}, abstract = {Objectives: Mothers of young children have been identified as a particularly vulnerable group during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to explore how occupational, psychosocial and partnership-related factors were associated with their self-reported mental well-being during the first COVID-19 wave. Methods: Five hundred fifty participants of the BaBi cohort study (est. 2013, Bielefeld, North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany) were invited to complete an online survey and to take part in email interviews (April-May 2020). With survey data, we assessed self-reported mental well-being through validated instruments (eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire; short version of the Symptom Checklist) and ran linear regression models for occupational, psychosocial and partnership-related factors. We performed content analysis on the interviews' data to further understand the determinants of the women's mental well-being. Results: One hundred twenty-four women participated in the survey; of which 17 also participated in the interviews. A perceived lack of support in childcare was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, while having a higher internal locus of control was associated with lower levels. Psychological distress was higher in those reporting lack of emotional or childcare support. Interviews confirmed the interplay of potential stressors and highlighted the difficulties to reconcile different expectations of motherhood. Discussion: Occupational, psychosocial and partner-related factors can act (to varying degree) both as resources and stressors to the self-reported mental well-being of mothers of young children. These impacts took different forms and created opportunities or challenges, depending on specific life circumstances, such as work or family situations, relationships and own psychosocial resources. Although not representative, our study contributes to building the COVID-19 evidence base, delineating the mental health toll of the pandemic on mothers of young children and the factors that contribute to it.}, language = {en} } @misc{HerrDeBockDiehletal., author = {Herr, Raphael and De Bock, Freia and Diehl, Katharina and Wiedemann, Eva and Sterdt, Elena and Blume, Miriam and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Herke, Max and Reuter, Marvin and Iashchenko, Iryna and Schneider, Sven}, title = {Associations of individual factors and early childhood education and care (ECEC) centres characteristics with preschoolers' BMI in Germany}, series = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {22}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, issn = {1471-2458}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-022-13814-5}, pages = {1 -- 13}, abstract = {Background The number of obese children is rising worldwide. Many studies have investigated single determinants of children's body mass index (BMI), yet studies measuring determinants at different potential levels of influence are sparse. The aim of this study is to investigate the independent role of parental socioeconomic position (SEP), additional family factors at the micro level, as well as early childhood education and care (ECEC) centre characteristics at the meso level regarding BMI. Methods Analyses used the baseline data of the PReschool INtervention Study (PRINS) including up to 1,151 children from 53 ECEC centres. Multi-level models first estimated the associations of parental SEP indicators (parental school education, vocational training, and household income) with the children's standard deviation scores for BMI (SDS BMI, standardised for age and gender). Second, structural (number of siblings), psychosocial (strained family relationships), and nutrition behavioural (soft-drink consumption, frequency of fast-food restaurant visits) family factors at the micro level were included. Third, characteristics of the ECEC centre at the meso level in terms of average group size, the ratio of overweight children in the group, ECEC centre type (all-day care), and the location of the ECEC centre (rural vs urban) were included. All analyses were stratified by gender and adjusted for age, migration background, and parental employment status. Results Estimates for boys and girls appeared to differ. In the full model, for boys the parental SEP indicators were not related to SDS BMI. Factors related to SDS BMI in boys were: two or more siblings; B = -.55; p = 0.045 [ref.: no sibling]), the characteristics of the ECEC centre in terms of average group size (20 - 25 children; B = -.54; p = 0.022 [ref.: < 20 children]), and the ratio of overweight children (more overweight children B = -1.39; p < 0.001 [ref.: few overweight children]). For girls the number of siblings (two and more siblings; B = .67; p = 0.027 [ref.: no sibling]) and average group size (> 25 children; B = -.52; p = 0.037 [ref.: < 20 children]) were related to SDS BMI. Conclusions The BMI of preschool children appears to be associated with determinants at the micro and meso level, however with some gender differences. The identified factors at the micro and meso level appear largely modifiable and can inform about possible interventions to reduce obesity in preschool children.}, language = {en} } @misc{SpallekKaatschSpixetal., author = {Spallek, Jacob and Kaatsch, Peter and Spix, Claudia and Ulusoy, Nazan and Zeeb, Hajo and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Namensbasierte Identifizierung von F{\"a}llen mit t{\"u}rkischer Herkunft im Kinderkrebsregister Mainz}, series = {Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {68}, journal = {Gesundheitswesen}, number = {10}, issn = {1439-4421}, doi = {10.1055/s-2006-927166}, pages = {643 -- 649}, language = {de} } @misc{HintermeierGencerKajikhinaetal., author = {Hintermeier, Maren and Gencer, Hande and Kajikhina, Katja and Rohleder, Sven and Santos-H{\"o}vener, Claudia and Tallarek, Marie and Spallek, Jacob and Bozorgmehr, Kayvan}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 among migrants and forcibly displaced populations: a rapid systematic review}, series = {Journal of Migration and Health}, volume = {4}, journal = {Journal of Migration and Health}, issn = {2666-6235}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmh.2021.100056}, pages = {13}, abstract = {The economic and health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic pose a particular threat to vulnerable groups, such as migrants, particularly forcibly displaced populations. The aim of this review is (i) to synthesise the evidence on risk of infection and transmission among migrants, refugees, asylum seekers and internally displaced populations, and (ii) the effect of lockdown measures on these populations. We searched MEDLINE and WOS, preprint servers, and pertinent websites between 1st December 2019 and 26th June 2020. The included studies showed a high heterogeneity in study design, population, outcome and quality. The incidence risk of SARS-CoV-2 varied from 0•12\% to 2•08\% in non-outbreak settings and from 5•64\% to 21•15\% in outbreak settings. Migrants showed a lower hospitalisation rate compared to non-migrants. Negative impacts on mental health due to lockdown measures were found across respective studies. However, findings show a tenuous and heterogeneous data situation, showing the need for more robust and comparative study designs.}, language = {en} } @incollection{OkkenSpallekRazum, author = {Okken, Petra-Karin and Spallek, Jacob and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Pflege t{\"u}rkischer Migranten}, series = {Soziale Ungleichheit und Pflege}, booktitle = {Soziale Ungleichheit und Pflege}, editor = {Bauer, Ullrich and B{\"u}chel, Andreas}, publisher = {VS Verlag f{\"u}r Sozialwissenschaften}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-15621-7}, pages = {396 -- 422}, abstract = {Obwohl die Bev{\"o}lkerungsgruppe mit t{\"u}rkischem Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland zur Zeit noch ein vergleichsweise niedriges Durchschnittsalter aufweist, w{\"a}chst der Anteil {\"a}lterer Menschen unter den t{\"u}rkischen Migrantinnen und Migranten. Vor diesem Hintergrund gewinnen Fragen zur Pflegeversorgung dieser Bev{\"o}lkerungsgruppe stark an Bedeutung, {\"u}ber die bisher in Deutschland kaum wissenschaftlich abgesicherte Erkenntnisse existieren. Das folgende Kapitel beschreibt die besondere Situation von Menschen mit t{\"u}rkischem Migrationshintergrund, die in Deutschland leben, und gibt so erste Einblicke in dieses noch junge aber wichtige Forschungsfeld und stellt einen Einstieg in die weitere Forschung zu diesem Thema dar.}, language = {de} } @incollection{SpallekRazum, author = {Spallek, Jacob and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Migration und Gesundheit aus Geschlechterperspektive}, series = {Handbuch Geschlecht und Gesundheit}, booktitle = {Handbuch Geschlecht und Gesundheit}, editor = {Kolip, Petra and Hurrelmann, Klaus}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {Bern}, isbn = {978-3-456-85466-3}, pages = {125 -- 133}, language = {de} } @incollection{VoigtlaenderBrzoskaSpalleketal., author = {Voigtl{\"a}nder, Sven and Brzoska, Patrick and Spallek, Jacob and Exner, Anne-Kathrin and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Die Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Rehabilitation bei Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund}, series = {Migration und medizinische Rehabilitation}, booktitle = {Migration und medizinische Rehabilitation}, editor = {Schott, Thomas and Razum, Oliver}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim ; Basel}, isbn = {978-3-7799-1987-2}, pages = {92 -- 104}, language = {de} } @incollection{BrzoskaVoigtlaenderSpalleketal., author = {Brzoska, Patrick and Voigtl{\"a}nder, Sven and Spallek, Jacob and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Reha-Erfolg bei Migrant(inn)en: Herkunftsl{\"a}nder im Vergleich}, series = {Migration und medizinische Rehabilitation}, booktitle = {Migration und medizinische Rehabilitation}, editor = {Schott, Thomas and Razum, Oliver}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim ; Basel}, isbn = {978-3-7799-1987-2}, pages = {105 -- 110}, language = {de} } @incollection{BrzoskaVoigtlaenderSpalleketal., author = {Brzoska, Patrick and Voigtl{\"a}nder, Sven and Spallek, Jacob and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Arbeitsunf{\"a}lle, Berufskrankheiten und Erwerbsminderung bei Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund}, series = {Migration und medizinische Rehabilitation}, booktitle = {Migration und medizinische Rehabilitation}, editor = {Schott, Thomas and Razum, Oliver}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim ; Basel}, isbn = {978-3-7799-1987-2}, pages = {49 -- 61}, language = {de} } @incollection{SpallekRazum, author = {Spallek, Jacob and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Migration und Gesundheit}, series = {Soziologie von Gesundheit und Krankheit}, booktitle = {Soziologie von Gesundheit und Krankheit}, editor = {Richter, Matthias and Hurrelmann, Klaus}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-11009-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-11010-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:1111-20160205276}, pages = {153 -- 166}, abstract = {Deutschland ist ein Zuwanderungsland. Hier lebende Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund sollten den gleichen Zugang zu gesundheitsbezogenen Leistungen haben wie die gesamte Bev{\"o}lkerung. Es bestehen jedoch noch Zugangshindernisse sowie Unterschiede im Nutzungsverhalten und bei den gesundheitlichen Ergebnissen. Diversity Management wird als eine Strategie diskutiert, um unterschiedliche Bedarfe und Bed{\"u}rfnisse zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen und gesundheitliche Chancengleichheit zu erreichen.}, language = {de} } @incollection{BrauseBrzoskaRazumetal., author = {Brause, Michaela and Brzoska, Patrick and Razum, Oliver and Reutin, Barbara and Schott, Thomas and Spallek, Jacob and Voigtl{\"a}nder, Sven and Yilmaz-Aslan, Y{\"u}ce}, title = {Abschließende Handlungsempfehlungen und Schlussfolgerungen f{\"u}r die Praxis}, series = {Migration und medizinische Rehabilitation}, booktitle = {Migration und medizinische Rehabilitation}, editor = {Schott, Thomas and Razum, Oliver}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim ; Basel}, isbn = {978-3-7799-1987-2}, pages = {211 -- 216}, language = {de} } @incollection{SpallekYilmazAslanSpalleketal., author = {Spallek, Jacob and Yilmaz-Aslan, Y{\"u}ce and Spallek, Lena and G{\"o}k, Yesim and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Interkulturelle Aspekte und Migration}, series = {Handbuch Psychoonkologie}, booktitle = {Handbuch Psychoonkologie}, editor = {Mehnert, Anja and Koch, Uwe}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, isbn = {978-3-8017-2474-0}, pages = {444 -- 453}, language = {de} } @misc{TallarekSpallek, author = {Tallarek, Marie and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Factors promoting or limiting self-determined childbirth: midwives' perspectives in Germany}, series = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {32}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, number = {Supplement_3}, issn = {1101-1262}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.423}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Background Claims for self-determined childbirth (SDC) have gained increasing scientific, political and societal attention. However, research on SDC is limited. This study analyzes and compares midwives' experiences and perspectives on factors that promote or limit SDC in hospitals, birthing centers and during home births in Germany. We argue that these insights are essential in order to foster self-determination and to avoid its violation. Methods A qualitative case study was conducted based on semi-structured face-to-face interviews with midwives working in hospitals, birthing centers, and offering home births in Germany. In total, nine interviews were conducted in 2021 and have been audiotaped, transcribed, anonymized and analyzed by use of Thematic Analysis. Results The results indicate eight inter-related categories, each of which imply promoting and limiting factors: 1) Structural/ legal conditions; 2) Perception of birth (e. g. as natural or medical process; required competence and control); 3) Trust and atmosphere; 4) Getting acquainted/relationship building; 5) Birthing person's socioeconomic position; 6) Birthing person's preparation/ education; 7) Birthing person's capability of decision making and expression; and 8) Behavior of accompanying persons. Moreover, we identified midwives' strategies to extend possibilities of choice. Several factors clearly differ depending on the birth setting. Conclusions The opportunities for SDC seem to differ according to the setting (e.g. institutional routines), inter-personal relations (e.g. getting acquainted, trust), and individual factors (e.g. socioeconomic position, capabilities). Hence, political, institutional and individual strategies may support SDC in consideration of the above factors. Measures may, among others, include the improvement of information processes, the reduction of economic barriers, relationship building before and during birth as well as respective structural adjustments.}, language = {en} } @misc{HoffmannTschornMichalskietal., author = {Hoffmann, Stephanie and Tschorn, Mira and Michalski, Niels and Hoebel, Jens and F{\"o}rstner, Bernd R. and Rapp, Michael A. and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Do regional characteristics predict developmental delay? Analyses of German school entry examination}, series = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {32}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, number = {Supplement_3}, issn = {1101-1262}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.342}, pages = {2}, abstract = {Background Children's health and development are strongly linked to their living situation, including their family's socioeconomic position (SEP) and living region. However, research on the impact of the living region on children's development beyond family SEP is scarce. This study evaluated whether rurality and regional socioeconomic deprivation (DEP) are associated with children's development independently of family SEP. Methods The study used population-based data of 5-6.5 years old children (n = 22,801) from mandatory school entry examinations (SEE) in the German federal state of Brandenburg, which were examined in 2018/2019. The SEE data have been linked with data on i. rurality that was defined by an inverted population density and ii. regional DEP that were provided by the German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation. By binary multilevel models, the predictive values of rurality and regional DEP for global developmental delay (GDD) were evaluated, while adjusting for family SEP. Results Children with high family SEP showed reduced odds for GDD compared to medium family SEP (female: OR = 4.26, CI95=3.14-5.79, male: OR = 3.46, CI95=2.83-4.22) and low family SEP (female: OR = 16.58, CI95=11.90-23.09, male: OR = 12.79, CI95=10.13-16.16). Regional DEP additionally predicted GDD, with higher odds for children from more deprived regions (female: OR = 1.35, CI95=1.13-1.62, male: OR = 1.20, CI95=1.05-1.39). Rurality did not predict GDD beyond family SEP and regional DEP. Conclusions In addition to family SEP, the regional DEP has an effect on children's developmental delay. Hence, Public Health should take into account regional socioeconomic conditions as determinant of health over the life course in addition to family SEP.}, language = {en} } @misc{ScholaskeEntringerRazumetal., author = {Scholaske, Laura and Entringer, Sonja and Razum, Oliver and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Elevated stress during pregnancy in women of Turkish origin: Results from a prospective cohort study}, series = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {32}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, number = {Supplement_3}, issn = {1101-1262}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.608}, pages = {2}, abstract = {Background Ethnic health disparities exist in the context of pregnancy and childbirth, suggesting that women of Turkish origin (i.e., they or their parents born in Turkey) in Germany have higher risks for some adverse maternal health and child developmental outcomes. Stress is believed to be a relevant pathway by which migration may be associated with these risks. In this study, we tested associations of Turkish origin with stress biology and psychological stress experiences during pregnancy. Methods 140 pregnant women (33 of Turkish/26 of other origin) participated in a prospective cohort study that was carried out in Bielefeld and Berlin (Spallek et al., 2020). Inflammatory markers CRP and IL-6 from venous blood samples and diurnal cortisol profiles from salivary cortisol samples were derived and participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) at two study visits during pregnancy (T1: 20-25 weeks of gestation, T2: 30-35 weeks of gestation). Multilevel models were conducted to account for the nested data structure due to repeated measurements. Results Compared to non-migrant women, women of Turkish origin had significantly higher inflammatory levels (b = 0.28, SE = 0.14, p=.052) (Spallek et al., 2021), a blunted cortisol awakening response (b=-0.21, CI=-0.38-0.03, p<.05), a flatter diurnal cortisol slope (b = 0.02, CI = 0.00-0.04, p<.05), and higher PSS (b = 0.46, SE = 0.13, p< .001) and CESD scores (b = 0.29, SE = 0.08, p<.001) during pregnancy after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. Conclusions The results of our study suggest higher stress at the biological and psychological level in pregnant women of Turkish origin. Stress is a risk factor for pregnancy complications and poor birth and child developmental outcomes. To reduce such unequally distributed risks, interventions for stress reduction are needed that are tailored to women of Turkish origin.}, language = {en} } @misc{RattayBlumeSpalleketal., author = {Rattay, Petra and Blume, Miriam and Spallek, Jacob and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Sander, Lydia and Herr, Raphael and Herke, Max and Reuter, Marvin and Novelli, Anna and H{\"o}vener, Claudia}, title = {Socioeconomic position and self-rated health among adolescents: the mediating role of the family}, series = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {32}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, number = {Supplement_3}, issn = {1101-1262}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.580}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Background Although health inequalities in adolescence are well documented, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Few studies have examined the role of the family in explaining adolescents' health inequalities. The study aimed to explore whether the association between socioeconomic position and self-rated health (SRH) was mediated by familial determinants. Methods Using data from wave 2 of the KiGGS study (1,838 female and 1,718 male 11- to 17-year-olds), linear regression analyses were conducted to decompose the total effects of parents' education, occupation, income, socioeconomic position index, and adolescents' subjective social status on SRH into direct effects and indirect effects through familial determinants (family cohesion, parenting styles, parental well-being, stress, obesity, smoking and sporting activity). Results A significant total effect of all socioeconomic position indicators on SRH was found, except for income in male adolescents. In female adolescents, more than 70\% of the total effects of each socioeconomic position indicator were explained by familial mediators, whereas no significant direct effects remained. The most important mediator was parental well-being, followed by family cohesion, parental smoking and sporting activity. In male adolescents, the associations of parental education, the socioeconomic position index and subjective social status with SRH were also mediated by familial determinants (family cohesion, parental smoking and obesity). However, a significant direct effect of subjective social status remained. Conclusions The family appears to play an important role in explaining health inequalities, particularly in female adolescents. Reducing health inequalities in adolescence requires policy interventions, community-based strategies, as well as programs to improve parenting and family functioning.}, language = {en} } @misc{UlrichKohlerSpalleketal., author = {Ulrich, Hanna-Sophie and Kohler, Emma and Spallek, Jacob and Richter, Matthias and Clauß, Daniel and Mlinarić, Martin}, title = {Explaining psychosocial care among unaccompanied minor refugees: a realist review}, series = {European child \& adolescent psychiatry}, volume = {31(2022)}, journal = {European child \& adolescent psychiatry}, number = {12}, issn = {1435-165X}, doi = {10.1007/s00787-021-01762-1}, pages = {1857 -- 1870}, abstract = {Research on the psychosocial care (PSC) of unaccompanied minor refugees (UMRs) has mainly taken a socioepidemiological approach and has focused on the perspectives of experts in the field. In contrast, the knowledge concerning the differing context factors and the underlying mechanisms of current PSC which could inform policy recommendations is scant. The study aims at unravelling the contexts, mechanisms and outcomes of PSC for UMRs. For a realist review (RR), scientific evidence and gray literature were synthesised consistent with the RAMESES publication standards for realist synthesis. Based on an iterative keyword search in electronic databases (e.g., PubMed) and screening, 34 works from 2005 to 2019 were included in a realist synthesis. Theory-informed context-mechanism-outcome configurations (CMOs) were extracted, to explain underlying processes and mechanisms. Characterised by their interrelatedness, the dominant CMOs included the UMRs' intersections of transitions (e.g., adolescence and migration), their needs for culture-, and gender-sensitive PSC, and the undersupply of PSC. These contexts and outcomes are mediated by pre-, peri- and post-migratory stressors as well as care structures and are moreover influenced by overarching discourses and concepts. They comprise adverse and beneficial mechanisms in the PSC of UMRs. The existing literature grasps the PSC of UMRs by different disciplines and approaches but does not offer a comprehensive overview on micro-macro intersections and included discourses. The inclusion of lay perspectives and an intersectional approach could inform health service research. The reflection of UMR-related categorical constructs of resilience and vulnerability, discourses of othering, as well as restrictive health policies may guide policy recommendations.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchmidtSchmidtTolentinoetal., author = {Schmidt, Juliana J. and Schmidt, Guilherme J. and Tolentino, Julio C. and Simoes, Eunice N. and Obongo, Angela and Tolentino, Yolanda and Coelho, Francisco A. and Landesmann, Maria C. P. P. and Fonseca, Lea M. B. and Lacerda, Glenda C. B. and Schmidt, Sergio L.}, title = {A serial SPECT-CT study in a celiac disease patient with cerebellar ataxia and psychiatric symptoms}, series = {Neurological sciences}, volume = {42}, journal = {Neurological sciences}, issn = {1590-3478}, doi = {10.1007/s10072-020-04908-2}, pages = {1545 -- 1548}, abstract = {Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated systemic disorder triggered by gluten and related prolamins in genetically predisposed individuals. Here, we described a case of a 31-year-old Caucasian woman who exhibited cerebellar and psychiatric dysfunctions. The patient underwent single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-CT) before and after a gluten-free diet (GFD). There was an improvement in cerebellar perfusion accompanied by a remission of cerebellar manifestations. The maintenance of the psychiatric manifestations was related to the persistence of the hypoperfusion in the frontal lobes. The patient's psychiatric symptoms did not change after 4 months under a GFD in the hospital. To our knowledge, this is the first case that shows the relationship between improvement in cerebellar perfusion and remission of cerebellar clinical manifestations in a CD patient under a GFD.}, language = {en} } @misc{TallarekBozorgmehrSpallek, author = {Tallarek, Marie and Bozorgmehr, Kayvan and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Towards inclusionary and diversity-sensitive public health: the consequences of exclusionary othering in public health using the example of COVID-19 management in German reception centres and asylum camps}, series = {BMJ Global Health}, volume = {5}, journal = {BMJ Global Health}, number = {12}, issn = {2059-7908}, doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003789}, pages = {9}, abstract = {The German government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been predominantly considered wellfounded. Still, the practice of mass quarantine in reception centres and asylum camps has been criticised for its discrimination of refugees and asylum seekers. Building on the concept of othering, this article argues that processes of othering are structurally anchored in German asylum regulations and they have further pervaded public health measures against COVID-19. The practice of mass quarantine made the negative consequences of exclusionary othering for public health particularly noticeable. In the light of recent data indicating this measure to be epidemiologically, legally and ethically insufficient, we apply the concept of othering to public health and discuss (1) exclusionary, (2) inclusionary and (3) diversity-sensitive approaches to public health. We finally conclude that a shift of perspective from exclusion to inclusion, from subordination to empowerment and from silencing to participation is urgently required.}, language = {en} } @misc{MayerHerrKleinetal., author = {Mayer, Alena and Herr, Raphael M. and Klein, Thomas and Wiedemann, Eva and Diehl, Katharina and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Blume, Miriam and Jepsen, Dennis and Sundmacher, Leonie and Andreas, Marike and Schneider, Sven}, title = {Socio-economic inequalities in body mass index among preschool children: do sports programs in early childhood education and care centers make a difference?}, series = {Frontiers in Public Health}, volume = {Vol. 11}, journal = {Frontiers in Public Health}, issn = {2296-2565}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2023.1079871}, abstract = {Background: Overweight in childhood is considered to be one of the most serious public health challenges. Many studies have investigated individual-level determinants of children's body mass index (BMI), yet studies exploring determinants at the meso-level are sparse. The aim of our study was to examine how a sports focus at early childhood education and care (ECEC) centers moderates the effect of parental socio-economic position (SEP) on children's BMI. Methods: We used data from the German National Educational Panel Study and included 1,891 children (955 boys and 936 girls) from 224 ECEC centers in our analysis. Linear multilevel regressions were used to estimate the main effects of family SEP and the ECEC center sports focus, as well as their interaction, on children's BMI. All analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, migration background, number of siblings, and employment status of parents. Results: Our analysis confirmed the wellknown health inequalities in childhood overweight with a social gradient toward a higher BMI for children from lower SEP families. An interactive effect between family SEP and ECEC center sports focus was found. Boys with low family SEP not attending a sports-focused ECEC center had the highest BMI among all boys. In contrast, boys with low family SEP attending a sports-focused ECEC center had the lowest BMI. For girls, no association regarding ECEC center focus or interactive effects emerged. Girls with a high SEP had the lowest BMI, independent of the ECEC center focus. Conclusion: We provided evidence for the gender-specific relevance of sports-focused ECEC centers for the prevention of overweight. Especially boys from low SEP families benefited from a sports focus, whereas for girls the family's SEP was more relevant. As a consequence, gender differences in determinants for BMI at different levels and their interaction should be considered in further research and preventive measures. Our research indicates that ECEC centers may decrease health inequalities by providing opportunities for physical activity.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SchulzEckert, author = {Schulz, Karl-Heinz and Eckert, Sandra van}, title = {K{\"o}rperliche Aktivit{\"a}t und Tumorerkrankungen}, series = {Handbuch Psychoonkologie}, booktitle = {Handbuch Psychoonkologie}, editor = {Mehnert, Anja and Koch, Uwe}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Hogrefe Verlag}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, isbn = {978-3-8017-2474-0}, pages = {554 -- 566}, language = {de} } @misc{EntringerScholaskeKurtetal., author = {Entringer, Sonja and Scholaske, Laura and Kurt, Medlin and Duman, Elif Aysimi and Adam, Emma K. and Razum, Oliver and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Diurnal cortisol variation during pregnancy in Turkish origin and non-migrant women in a German birth cohort study}, series = {Journal of Psychosomatic Research}, volume = {162}, journal = {Journal of Psychosomatic Research}, issn = {0022-3999}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111020}, pages = {1 -- 10}, abstract = {Background Immigrants from Turkey experience health disadvantages relative to non-immigrant populations in Germany that are manifest from the earliest stages of the lifespan onwards and are perpetuated across generations. Chronic stress and perturbations of stress-responsive physiological systems, including the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis, are believed to in part mediate this relationship. Cortisol plays an important role in the association between maternal stress during pregnancy and many pregnancy-, birth- and offspring-related outcomes. We therefore examined whether maternal migrant background is associated with diurnal cortisol variation during pregnancy. Methods 109 pregnant women (incl. n = 32 Turkish origin women) that participated in a multi-site prospective cohort study in Germany collected saliva samples across the day on two consecutive days around 24 and 32 weeks gestation. Hierarchical linear models were applied to quantify associations between migrant background and diurnal cortisol variation across pregnancy. Results Women of Turkish origin exhibited a significantly lower cortisol awakening response (CAR) and a flatter diurnal cortisol slope (DCS) compared to non-migrant women after adjusting for household income. These relationships between migrant status and diurnal cortisol variation were mainly driven by 2nd generation migrants. Discussion A potential HPA axis dysregulation of Turkish-origin pregnant women may contribute to the intergenerational transmission of health disadvantages in this group.}, language = {en} } @misc{LampertRichterSchreiberetal., author = {Lampert, Thomas and Richter, Matthias and Schreiber, Sven and Spallek, Jacob and Dragano, Nico}, title = {Soziale Ungleichheit und Gesundheit. Stand und Perspektiven der sozialepidemiologischen Forschung in Deutschland}, series = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {59}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz}, number = {2}, issn = {1436-9990}, doi = {10.1007/s00103-015-2275-6}, pages = {153 -- 165}, language = {de} } @misc{RazumKarraschSpallek, author = {Razum, Oliver and Karrasch, Laura and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Migration : Eine vernachl{\"a}ssigte Dimension gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit?}, series = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {59}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz}, number = {2}, issn = {1436-9990}, doi = {10.1007/s00103-015-2286-3}, pages = {259 -- 265}, language = {de} } @misc{BrzoskaVoigtlaenderSpalleketal., author = {Brzoska, Patrick and Voigtl{\"a}nder, Sven and Spallek, Jacob and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Die Nutzung von Routinedaten in der rehabilitationswissenschaftlichen Versorgungsforschung bei Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund: M{\"o}glichkeiten und Grenzen}, series = {Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {74}, journal = {Gesundheitswesen}, number = {6}, issn = {1439-442}, doi = {10.1055/s-0031-1280759}, pages = {371 -- 378}, language = {de} } @misc{ReeskeSpallek, author = {Reeske, Anna and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Sozio{\"o}konomische Aspekte der Prim{\"a}rpr{\"a}vention von Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen - Ansatzpunkte vor dem Hintergrund eines lebenslaufbasierten Ansatzes der Adipositasentstehung}, series = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {54}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, number = {3}, issn = {1436-9990}, doi = {10.1007/s00103-010-1221-x}, pages = {272 -- 280}, language = {de} } @misc{ZeebSpallekRazum, author = {Zeeb, Hajo and Spallek, Jacob and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Epidemiologische Perspektiven der Migrationsforschung am Beispiel von Krebserkrankungen}, series = {Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie}, volume = {58}, journal = {Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie}, number = {3}, issn = {1439-1058}, doi = {10.1055/s-2008-1067347}, pages = {130 -- 135}, language = {de} } @misc{SpallekRazum, author = {Spallek, Jacob and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Gesundheit von Migranten: Defizite im Bereich der Pr{\"a}vention}, series = {Medzinische Klinik}, volume = {102}, journal = {Medzinische Klinik}, number = {6}, issn = {2193-6218}, doi = {10.1007/s00063-007-1058-8}, pages = {451 -- 456}, language = {de} } @misc{ReissSpallekRazum, author = {Reiss, Katharina and Spallek, Jacob and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Die Entwicklung des Rauchverhaltens im Kontext der Migration nach Deutschland}, series = {Public Health Forum}, volume = {23}, journal = {Public Health Forum}, number = {2}, issn = {1876-4851}, doi = {10.1515/pubhef-2015-0031}, pages = {85 -- 87}, language = {de} } @misc{SpallekRazum, author = {Spallek, Jacob and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Migration und Geschlecht}, series = {Public Heatlth Forum}, volume = {23}, journal = {Public Heatlth Forum}, number = {2}, issn = {1876-4851}, doi = {10.1515/pubhef-2015-0027}, pages = {73 -- 75}, language = {de} } @misc{SpallekKuntzSchott, author = {Spallek, Jacob and Kuntz, Benjamin and Schott, Thomas}, title = {Sozialepidemiologie}, series = {Public Health Forum}, volume = {20}, journal = {Public Health Forum}, number = {3}, issn = {1876-4851}, doi = {10.1016/j.phf.2012.06.015}, pages = {4 -- 8}, language = {de} } @misc{SpallekZeeb, author = {Spallek, Jacob and Zeeb, Hajo}, title = {Gesundheit von Migranten. Erkenntnisse am Beispiel der Zuwanderer in Deutschland}, series = {{\"A}rzteblatt Rheinland-Pfalz}, volume = {62}, journal = {{\"A}rzteblatt Rheinland-Pfalz}, number = {7}, issn = {0001-9488}, pages = {20}, language = {de} } @misc{RazumSpallek, author = {Razum, Oliver and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Migration und Gesundheit}, series = {Public Health Forum}, volume = {23}, journal = {Public Health Forum}, number = {2}, issn = {1876-4851}, doi = {10.1515/pubhef-2015-0021}, pages = {54 -- 57}, language = {de} } @misc{SpallekRazum, author = {Spallek, Jacob and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Gesundheitschancen. Fr{\"u}hzeitige Weichenstellung. [BaBi-Studie]}, series = {Deutsches {\"A}rzteblatt}, volume = {109}, journal = {Deutsches {\"A}rzteblatt}, number = {46}, language = {de} } @misc{JahnBolteSpallek, author = {Jahn, Ingeborg and Bolte, Gabriele and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Epidemiologische Fachgesellschaften f{\"u}r „Geschlechtersensible Planung und Durchf{\"u}hrung der geplanten Nationalen Kohortenstudie" Ein wichtiger Schritt f{\"u}r geschlechtersensible Gesundheitsforschung in Deutschland}, series = {Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {72}, journal = {Gesundheitswesen}, number = {7}, doi = {10.1055/s-0030-1261917}, pages = {383 -- 386}, language = {de} } @incollection{BrzoskaVoigtlaenderSpalleketal., author = {Brzoska, Patrick and Voigtl{\"a}nder, Sven and Spallek, Jacob and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Potenziale und Limitationen der Reha-Statistik-Datenbasis f{\"u}r die rehabilitationswissenschaftliche Migrationsforschung}, series = {Gesundheit, Migration und Einkommensgleichheit}, booktitle = {Gesundheit, Migration und Einkommensgleichheit}, publisher = {DRV Schriftenband}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-00-033860-1}, pages = {121 -- 130}, language = {de} } @incollection{BrzoskaSpallekVoigtlaenderetal., author = {Brzoska, Patrick and Spallek, Jacob and Voigtl{\"a}nder, Sven and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Sozio{\"o}konomischer Status, Gesundheit und Gesundheitsversorgung von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland}, series = {Migration \& Integration, Band 3}, booktitle = {Migration \& Integration, Band 3}, editor = {Biffl, Gudrun and R{\"o}ssl, Lydia}, publisher = {Omninum}, address = {Bad V{\"o}slau}, isbn = {978-3-99031-011-3}, pages = {85 -- 94}, language = {de} } @misc{RazumSpallek, author = {Razum, Oliver and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Wie gesund sind Migranten? Erkenntnisse und Zusammenh{\"a}nge am Beispiel der Zuwanderer in Deutschland}, series = {Focus Migration : Kurzdossier}, journal = {Focus Migration : Kurzdossier}, number = {12}, isbn = {1864-5704}, pages = {1 -- 9}, language = {de} } @incollection{SpallekRazum, author = {Spallek, Jacob and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Das deutsche Konzept „Staatsangeh{\"o}rigkeit"}, series = {Migrationssensible Studiendesigns zur Repr{\"a}sentation des Migrationsstatus in der Gesundheitsforschung}, booktitle = {Migrationssensible Studiendesigns zur Repr{\"a}sentation des Migrationsstatus in der Gesundheitsforschung}, publisher = {Robert Koch Institut}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-89606-098-3}, pages = {23 -- 29}, language = {de} } @book{BrzoskaVoigtlaenderReutinetal., author = {Brzoska, Patrick and Voigtl{\"a}nder, Sven and Reutin, Barbara and Yilmaz-Aslan, Y{\"u}ce and Barz, Irina and Starikow, Klara and Reiss, Katharina and Dr{\"o}ge, Angela and Hinz, Julia and Exner, Anne and Striedelmeyer, Lena and Krupa, Elzbieta and Spallek, Jacob and Berg-Beckhoff, Gabriele and Schott, Thomas and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Rehabilitative Versorgung und gesundheitsbedingte Fr{\"u}hberentung von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland : Abschlussbericht}, publisher = {Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Arbeit und Soziales}, address = {Bonn}, language = {de} } @misc{SpallekBerensKolip, author = {Spallek, Jacob and Berens, Eva-Maria and Kolip, Petra}, title = {Fr{\"u}herkennung - Herausforderung der „Informierten Entscheidung" im Kontext des Mammografie-Screening-Programms}, series = {Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde}, volume = {76}, journal = {Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde}, number = {11}, issn = {1438-8804}, doi = {10.1055/s-0042-112118}, pages = {1117 -- 1120}, language = {de} } @misc{TallarekJostSpallek, author = {Tallarek, Marie and Jost, Annemarie and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {How do midwives deal with women's preferences during childbirth in Germany? An action model}, series = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {33}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, number = {Supplement 2}, issn = {1788-7119}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckad160.1512}, pages = {S. ii603}, abstract = {Background Midwifery care is increasingly discussed in terms of its ability to promote a self-determined childbirth. The degree of self-determination (SD) depends on the extent to which women's preferences are negotiated and implemented. From the perspective of midwives in different obstetric settings in Germany, this study answered the research question: "How do midwives deal with women's preferences during birth?". Methods 11 semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with active midwives. The sample showed a high variance in terms of obstetric settings (clinics, birth centers, home births), regions, and participants' characteristics (e. g. experience, age). All interviews were recorded, transcribed, anonymized, and analyzed using the Grounded Theory Methodology (Strauss/Corbin, 1994). Results A model consisting of 7 steps was developed: 1) Interpret the situation; 2) Prioritize relevant parameters; 3) Determine a frame of possibilities; 4) Match the preference(s) to the frame of possibilities; 5) Negotiate preference(s); 6) Continuously monitor contextual/situational changes; 7) Adjust the frame of possibilities. The actions are related to contextual conditions (structural; interpersonal; personal; health situation; course of birth; understanding of birth). The model shows how midwives can promote SD even if prior preferences are discarded or modified at birth. Conclusions The model describes how midwives in Germany deal with women's preferences during birth, which factors they consider decisive in doing so, and how SD may be promoted despite of discarded or modified preferences. Further research should examine the role of relationship building, test the model with regard to its generalizability, and use it to analyze and support person-centered midwifery care. Key messages • The model describes how midwives in different obstetric settings in Germany deal with women's preferences during birth and, thereby, influence self-determination. • Midwives can promote self-determination also if prior preferences are discarded, modified, or redeveloped at birth.}, language = {en} } @misc{HoepkerLampertSpallek, author = {H{\"o}pker, T. and Lampert, Thomas and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Identifizierung und Charakterisierung von Gesundheitsverhaltenstypen bei 11- bis 17-j{\"a}hrigen Jungen und M{\"a}dchen. Eine Clusteranalyse auf Basis der Daten des Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurveys (KiGGS)}, series = {Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {76}, journal = {Gesundheitswesen}, number = {7}, issn = {1439-4421}, doi = {10.1055/s-0034-1372619}, pages = {453 -- 461}, language = {de} } @misc{MakarovaReissZeebetal., author = {Makarova, Nataliya and Reiss, Katharina and Zeeb, Hajo and Razum, Oliver and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Verbesserte M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Identifikation von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund f{\"u}r die Mortalit{\"a}tsforschung am Beispiel Bremens}, series = {Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {75}, journal = {Gesundheitswesen}, number = {6}, issn = {1439-4421}, doi = {10.1055/s-0032-1321767}, pages = {360 -- 365}, language = {de} } @misc{SpallekReeskeGrosseretal., author = {Spallek, Jacob and Reeske, Anna and Grosser, Angelique and Schwabe, Wolfgang and Rieger, Michael and Krahn, U. and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Pflegebed{\"u}rftigkeit bei t{\"u}rkischst{\"a}mmigen und nicht-t{\"u}rkischst{\"a}mmigen S{\"a}uglingen. Eine Analyse der Pflegegutachten des MDK-Westfalen-Lippe von 2004 bis 2008}, series = {Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {74}, journal = {Gesundheitswesen}, number = {8-9}, issn = {1439-4421}, doi = {10.1055/s-0031-1286276}, pages = {485 -- 487}, language = {de} } @misc{BreckenkampSpallekKraywinkeletal., author = {Breckenkamp, J{\"u}rgen and Spallek, Jacob and Kraywinkel, Klaus and Krieg, V. and Schwabe, Wolfgang and Greiner, Wolfgang and Damm, Oliver and Hense, H. W. and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Abgleich von Verwaltungsdaten des Medizinischen Dienstes der Krankenversicherung mit Krebsregisterdaten}, series = {Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {74}, journal = {Gesundheitswesen}, number = {7}, issn = {1439-4421}, doi = {10.1055/s-0031-1286274}, pages = {e52 -- e60}, language = {de} } @misc{ReissMakarovaSpalleketal., author = {Reiss, Katharina and Makarova, Nataliya and Spallek, Jacob and Zeeb, Hajo and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Identifizierung und Rekrutierung von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund f{\"u}r epidemiologische Studien in Deutschland}, series = {Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {75}, journal = {Gesundheitswesen}, number = {6}, issn = {1439-4421}, doi = {10.1055/s-0032-1321768}, pages = {e49 -- e58}, language = {de} } @misc{DeSantisMuellmannPanetal., author = {De Santis, Karina Karolina and M{\"u}llmann, Saskia and Pan, Chen-Chia and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Spallek, Jacob and Haug, Ulrike and Zeeb, Hajo}, title = {Digital technology use for physical activity promotion: Results of a nationwide survey in Germany}, series = {37th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society}, journal = {37th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.22062.48967}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Background. Digital technologies can contribute to healthy behaviour. We aimed to investigate a digital technology use for physical activity (PA) promotion using a nationwide survey. Methods. Our cross-sectional survey was conducted using a panel sample of 1020 adult internet users living in Germany (age: 18-92 years, 47\% female). Computer-assisted telephone interviews were conducted using a self-developed questionnaire in November 2022. Survey data were analysed using relative frequencies and bivariate logistic regression. Findings. Among all participants, 626/1020 reported internet use in health context and 278/626 (44\%) reported digital technology use for PA promotion. Most of the 278 users for PA promotion reported that such technologies are easy to use (92\%) and use them at least once a week (91\%). The reasons for using digital technologies were to measure own PA (74\%) or to find exercise ideas (57\%). Most participants reported using mobile devices (e.g., smartphones, 77\%, or activity trackers, 58\%) and rated device feedback as helpful (69\%). Among sociodemographic factors (age, gender, education, household income), health status and eHealth literacy, younger age was the only significant predictor (OR=.98, 95\% CI: .97-.99) of digital technology use for PA promotion. Discussion. Despite their availability, the prevalence of digital technology use for PA promotion is still low among adult internet users in Germany. Such technologies are likely to support PA behaviour change because users rate them as easy to use, their feedback as helpful and use them frequently. Health interventions are necessary to encourage digital technology use for PA promotion among adults in Germany.}, language = {en} } @misc{MuellmannDeSantisPanetal., author = {M{\"u}llmann, Saskia and De Santis, Karina Karolina and Pan, Chen-Chia and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Spallek, Jacob and Haug, Ulrike and Zeeb, Hajo}, title = {Attitudes towards digital technology use in health context according to a nationwide survey in Germany}, series = {37th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society}, journal = {37th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.24579.07200}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Background Digitalization has led to a proliferation of digital health technologies and online health information. We aimed to assess the attitudes towards digital technology use in health context using a nationwide survey. Methods A cross-sectional nationwide survey of a panel sample of adult internet users living in Germany was conducted in November 2022. Participants completed computer-assisted telephone interviews using a self-developed, 30-item questionnaire. Survey data were analysed using frequencies and univariate multiple regression analysis. Findings Among 1,020 participants (18-92 years, 56±16 years, 47\% female), 62\% completed up to tertiary education and 42\% reported the household income of up to 3500 Euro/month. The minority of participants reported that they trust health websites when recommended by friends and family (39\%), that their social network relies on the internet for health information (35\%), that they consider the internet as the immediate source of health information (39\%) and that they are interested in digital health technologies (40\%). Most participants (71\%) reported that they prefer to receive health information in person or on paper. The preference for such sources of health information was associated with lower eHealth literacy (β= -.12, p<.001), worse health status (β= -.08, p=.026) and female gender (β= -.08, p=.033). Discussion The trust in the internet as the source of health information and the interest in digital health technologies were low among internet users in Germany. Interventions should strengthen eHealth literacy to empower adults to find, understand and assess reliable health information on the Internet.}, language = {en} } @misc{ScholaskeAdamSpalleketal., author = {Scholaske, Laura and Adam, Emma K. and Spallek, Jacob and Entringer, Sonja}, title = {Maternal BMI and inflammation during pregnancy: a bi- or unidirectional association?}, series = {Brain, Behavior, and Immunity}, volume = {106}, journal = {Brain, Behavior, and Immunity}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.bbi.2022.07.049}, pages = {12}, abstract = {Methods: 140 pregnant women participated in a multi-site prospective cohort study in, Germany with two study visits during pregnancy (T1: 24.44 ± 2.34, T2: 32.92 ± 1.72 weeks of gestation). Maternal BMI was derived from body length and current weight and was residualized for gestational week at assessment. Pro-inflammatory markers CRP and IL-6 were analyzed from venous blood samples and combined into a repeatedly measured composite inflammation score. Results: In a path model, T1-BMI significantly predicted T2-inflammation (b=0.53, SE=0.02, p <.001), and T1-inflammation predicted T2-BMI (b=0.46, SE=0.42, p <.001), suggesting a bidirectional relationship between BMI and inflammation. However, further adjustment for pre-pregnancy BMI diminished the association between T1-inflammation and T2-BMI (b=0.004, SE=0.22, p =.922), whereas the relationship between T1-BMI and T2-inflammation remained significant (b=0.20, SE=0.01, p =.004). Thus, adjusting for pre-pregnancy BMI underlined a unidirectional relationship. Conclusions: Based on these results, reducing overweight may be a relevant target for interventions to reduce inflammation and the risk of subsequent adverse outcomes.}, language = {en} }