@techreport{HoffmannWachtlerSanderetal., author = {Hoffmann, Stephanie and Wachtler, Benjamin and Sander, Lydia and Blume, Miriam and Hilger-Kolb, Jennifer and Herke, Max and Matos Fialho, Paula M. and Pischke, Claudia R. and Novelli, Anna and Lampert, Thomas and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Health inequalities among infants and pre-school children: Protocol for a scoping review examining the moderating and mediating role of contextual and compositional family characteristics}, publisher = {Open Science Framework}, doi = {10.17605/OSF.IO/3U4ST}, abstract = {Background: Although early childhood is a life period of overall good health, research shows that families' socioeconomic position (SEP) is affecting children's health from pregnancy on, ultimately leading to health inequalities. Little is currently known about the pathways by which family SEP is influencing child health and health-related behaviour, and which role family characteristics play. The scoping review therefore aims to screen the international literature on the mediating and moderating effects of contextual and compositional family characteristics on socioeconomic health risks of pre-school children in developed countries. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews, three online databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Scopus) will be searched for literature in English or German published after year 2000. The two-step data screening approach and the subsequent data extraction will be conducted independently by two researchers in consideration of specific criteria and a previously tested standardized data extraction form. Due to the broad research question at hand, various study designs (e.g. cross-sectional, intervention, cohort studies, and qualitative studies), SEP measures (e.g. education, income) and compositional (e.g. family size, migration) or contextual (e.g. parenting, housing) family characteristics influencing children's health will be included. Since diverse definitions and reporting formats of subjective health, health behaviour, well-being, and diseases will be considered, a substantial heterogeneity in outcome measures focusing on the age group of 0-6 years is expected. Thus, a narrative synthesis of the findings will be performed according to the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination framework. Ethics and dissemination: Because no primary data will be collected, ethical clearance will not be required. Dissemination will include peer-reviewed publications and conferences.}, language = {en} } @misc{HoffmannSanderRattayetal., author = {Hoffmann, Stephanie and Sander, Lydia and Rattay, Petra and Blume, Miriam and H{\"o}vener, Claudia and Schneider, Sven and Richter, Matthias and Pischke, Claudia R. and Sch{\"u}ttig, Wiebke and De Bock, Freia and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Do family characteristics contribute to a socioeconomic gradient in overweight in early childhood? - Single mediation analyses of data from German preschool children}, series = {Preventive Medicine Reports}, volume = {33}, journal = {Preventive Medicine Reports}, issn = {2211-3355}, doi = {10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102178}, abstract = {Children's overweight is strongly associated with family socioeconomic position (SEP) and family characteristics (FC). There is limited research on the extent to which FC account for a socioeconomic gradient in childhood overweight. This study examined whether FC explain SEP differences in the prevalence of overweight. The study used baseline data of preschool-aged children from the German 'PReschool INtervention Study'. The sample (n = 872, 48\% girls) was recruited at kindergartens in Baden-W{\"u}rttemberg, Germany. Data included children's measured weight status and parents' reports on socioeconomic indicators (e.g., school education, vocational education, income) and FC. Variables represent main determinants of overweight (nutrition: sweets consumption in front of TV, soft drink consumption, regular breakfast, child sets table; physical activity: outdoor sports; parental role model). In single mediation analyses indirect effects of SEP on overweight were analysed (OR[95\%CI]). Preschool girls and boys with low parental education had higher odds for overweight than children with high parental education. Among boys, low levels of parental education contributed to the odds of overweight via indirect effects by both factors 'sweets consumption in front of TV' (OR = 1.31[1.05-1.59]) and 'no sports' (OR = 1.14[1.01-1.38]). Among girls, FC measured did not explain SEP differences in overweight. Family nutrition and parental/family physical activity contribute to inequalities in overweight among preschool boys, but not girls. Research is needed to identify FC that explain inequalities in overweight for both.}, language = {en} } @misc{DeindlDiehlSpalleketal., author = {Deindl, Christian and Diehl, Katharina and Spallek, Jacob and Richter, Matthias and Sch{\"u}ttig, Wiebke and Rattay, Petra and Dragano, Nico and Pischke, Claudia R.}, title = {Self-rated health of university students in Germany-The importance of material, psychosocial, and behavioral factors and the parental socio-economic status}, series = {Frontiers in Public Health}, volume = {11}, journal = {Frontiers in Public Health}, issn = {2296-2565}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2023.1075142}, abstract = {Health inequalities start early in life. The time of young adulthood, between late teens and early twenties, is especially interesting in this regard. This time of emerging adulthood, the transition from being a child to becoming an adult, is characterised by the detachment from parents and establishing of an own independent life. From a health inequality perspective, the question about the importance of the socio-economic background of parents is important. University students are an especially interesting group. Many students come from a privileged background and the question of health inequality among university students has not yet been properly studied. Based on the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), we analysed health inequalities among 9,000 students in Germany ({\O} 20 years in the first year of their studies) over a period of eight years. We found that university students in Germany report a good and very good health. Yet, we still found substantial health inequalities. Students whose parents had a higher occupational status also reported less health problems. We were also able to tie health inequality on health behaviour, psychosocial resources, and material conditions.}, language = {en} } @misc{HilgerKolbSchneiderHerretal., author = {Hilger-Kolb, Jennifer and Schneider, Sven and Herr, Raphael and Osenbruegge, Nina and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Herke, Max and Pischke, Claudia R. and Sundmacher, Leonie and Diehl, Katharina}, title = {Associations between contextual and compositional characteristics of early childcare facilities with health, health behaviours and well-being among young children aged 06 years: protocol for a scoping review}, series = {BMJ Open}, volume = {10}, journal = {BMJ Open}, number = {9}, issn = {2044-6055}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037038}, pages = {6}, abstract = {Introduction: Early childhood is an important life stage which is crucial for determining health and health inequalities in later life. At the meso-level (institutional-level), early childcare facilities (eg, kindergartens, preschools) are the most important agent of socialisation next to families in young children aged 06 years. In recent years, an increasing amount of studies has focused on contextual and compositional characteristics of early childcare facilities and their association with health (eg, self-rated health), health behaviour (eg, physical activity) and well-being (eg, emotional well-being) in this age group. However, as currently no overview of the available literature on this topic exists, we will conduct a scoping review including various study designs (eg, cross-sectional studies, prospective studies, qualitative studies). Methods and analysis: We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. A systematic search of the following scientific databases will be conducted: PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts, Education Resources Information Center and The Cochrane Library. During the selection process, we will follow a two-step process. First, two reviewers will independently screen titles/abstracts of all potentially eligible articles by applying a set of previously defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the completion of the title/abstract screening, full texts of the remaining articles will be screened following the same procedure. To determine inter-rater agreement between reviewers, we will calculate Cohen's Kappa after both steps. Key characteristics (eg, country of origin, sample size, study design) of included articles will be extracted. We will map the evidence available by providing a summary table on the key characteristics extracted and by presenting the associations using various types of illustrations. Ethics and dissemination: Since no primary data will be collected for this review, ethical approval is not required. Our findings will be published in an international peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences.}, language = {en} } @misc{IashchenkoSchuettigBammertetal., author = {Iashchenko, Iryna and Sch{\"u}ttig, Wiebke and Bammert, Philip and Spallek, Jacob and Rattay, Petra and Schneider, Sven and Moor, Irene and Pischke, Claudia R. and Sundmacher, Leonie}, title = {Die Rolle der regionalen Gesundheitspolitik f{\"u}r die sozio{\"o}konomische Ungleichheit in der Inanspruchnahme der Gesundheitsleistungen}, series = {Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {84}, journal = {Gesundheitswesen}, number = {08/09}, publisher = {Georg Thieme Verlag}, doi = {10.1055/s-0042-1753865}, pages = {825}, abstract = {Einleitung Die J1 ist eine Vorsorgeuntersuchung, die f{\"u}r Kinder zwischen 12 und 14 Jahren empfohlen ist. Im Gegensatz zu den etablierten U1- bis U9-Untersuchungen f{\"u}r j{\"u}ngere Kinder mit Teilnahmeraten {\"u}ber 90\% liegt die Teilnahme bei der J1 bei etwa 40\%. Ein Grund f{\"u}r die mangelnde Teilnahme an der J1 ist die geringe Bekanntheit bei Eltern und Kindern. Mehrere Bundesl{\"a}nder haben Einladungswesen eingef{\"u}hrt, um Jugendliche zur Teilnahme an der J1 zu motivieren. Die Einladung „Dein Ticket zur J1" wurde Mitte 2017 in Bayern eingef{\"u}hrt. Das „Ticket" ist ein Informationsflyer {\"u}ber die J1 in einer jugendgerechten Gestaltung. Die vorliegende Analyse untersuchte, ob die regionale Informationskampagne zu einer Steigerung der Teilnahme an der J1 gef{\"u}hrt hat, ob die Effekte mit dem sozio{\"o}konomischen Status der Familie (SES) variieren und welche Meso-Ebene-Merkmale des Gesundheitssystems mit der J1-Teilnahme korrelieren. Methoden Um die Wirkung der Intervention zu untersuchen, wurden bundesweite anonymisierte Routinedaten der Techniker Krankenkasse aus den Jahren 2016-2018 sowie ein Difference-in-Differences-Design auf individueller Ebene verwendet. Unter der Annahme eines parallelen Trends auf Bundesl{\"a}nderebene wurde die J1-Teilnahme von 13- und 14-J{\"a}hrigen in Bayern mit anderen Bundesl{\"a}ndern vor und nach der Intervention verglichen. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurde die Analyse f{\"u}r die verschiedenen SES-Gruppen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Wir untersuchten auch, ob Faktoren auf Mesoebene des Gesundheitssystems mit der Teilnahme an der J1 korrelierten. Ergebnisse Die Einf{\"u}hrung von „Dein Ticket zur J1" erh{\"o}hte die Teilnahme an der J1 um 1 \%. Obwohl eine h{\"o}here Bildung und berufliche Stellung der Eltern positiv mit der J1-Teilnahme korrelierten, war der Effekt der Intervention bei Kindern aus Familien mit niedrigerem SES st{\"a}rker (Anstieg um 5 \%). Die Kinderarztdichte auf Kreisebene korrelierte zudem positiv mit der Teilnahme an der J1. Schlussfolgerung Die Intervention hat das Potenzial, die sozio{\"o}konomische Ungleichheit bei der Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen zu verringern, da die Effekte f{\"u}r Kinder aus Familien mit niedrigerem SES st{\"a}rker waren. Es bedarf jedoch weiterer Maßnahmen, um Jugendliche {\"u}ber die J1 und die damit verbundenen gesundheitlichen Vorteile zu informieren. Zuk{\"u}nftige Studien sollten untersuchen, von welchen weiteren Faktoren die Wirksamkeit der Intervention abh{\"a}ngt, wie z. B. die Art und Anzahl der Kommunikationskan{\"a}le.}, language = {de} } @misc{MatosFialhoDraganoReuteretal., author = {Matos Fialho, Paula M. and Dragano, Nico and Reuter, Marvin and Metzendorf, Maria-Inti and Richter, Bernd and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Diehl, Katharina and Wachtler, Benjamin and Sundmacher, Leonie and Herke, Max and Pischke, Claudia R.}, title = {Mapping the evidence regarding school-to- work/ university transition and health inequalities among young adults: a scoping review protocol}, series = {BMJ Open}, volume = {10}, journal = {BMJ Open}, number = {12}, issn = {2044-6055}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039831}, abstract = {School-to-work/university transition is a sensitive period that can have a substantial impact on health and health behaviour over the life course. There is some indication that health and health behaviour is socially patterned in the age span of individuals in this transition (16-24 years) and that there are differences by socioeconomic position (SEP). However, evidence regarding this phenomenon has not been systematically mapped. In addition, little is known about the role of institutional characteristics (eg, of universities, workplaces) in the development of health and possible inequalities in health during this transition. Hence, the first objective of this scoping review is to systematically map the existing evidence regarding health and health behaviours (and possible health inequalities, for example, differences by SEP) in the age group of 16-24 years and during school-to-work transition noted in Germany and abroad. The second objective is to summarise the evidence on the potential effects of contextual and compositional characteristics of specific institutions entered during this life stage on health and health behaviours. Third, indicators and measures of these characteristics will be summarised.Methods and analysisWe will systematically map the evidence on health inequalities during school-to-work-transitions among young adults (aged 16-24 years), following the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. The literature search is performed in Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, International Labour Organization and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, using a predetermined search strategy. Articles published between January 2000 and February 2020 in English or German are considered for the review. The selection process follows a two-step approach: (1) screening of titles and abstracts, and (2) screening of full texts, both steps by two independent reviewers. Any discrepancies in the selection process are resolved by a third researcher. Data extraction will be performed using a customised data extraction sheet. The results will be presented in tabular and narrative form.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this scoping review. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and presented at international conferences and project workshops.}, language = {en} }