@incollection{Wendland, author = {Wendland, David}, title = {Entwurfs- und Detailplanung in sp{\"a}tgotischen Gew{\"o}lben - zwischen sp{\"a}tmittelalterlicher Werkzeichnung und fr{\"u}hneuzeitlicher Stereotomie}, series = {"Mit den wohlfeilsten Mitteln dauerhaft, feuersicher und bequem" : Sparsamkeit als Prinzip, Rationalit{\"a}t als Weltsicht? : Tagungsband der Dritten Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Bautechnikgeschichte vom 4. bis 6. Mai 2017 in Potsdam}, booktitle = {"Mit den wohlfeilsten Mitteln dauerhaft, feuersicher und bequem" : Sparsamkeit als Prinzip, Rationalit{\"a}t als Weltsicht? : Tagungsband der Dritten Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Bautechnikgeschichte vom 4. bis 6. Mai 2017 in Potsdam}, editor = {Rauhut, Christoph and Holzer, Stefan M. and Tragbar, Klaus and Meyer, Torsten and Krafczyk, Christina}, publisher = {Thelem}, address = {Dresden}, isbn = {978-3-95908-478-9}, pages = {175 -- 191}, language = {de} } @incollection{Wendland, author = {Wendland, David}, title = {How to Design and Build Complex Rib Vaults from A to Z: Principles, Practices, and Geometric Processors used in International Late Gothic}, series = {The Art of Vaulting : Design and Construction in the Mediterranean Gothic}, booktitle = {The Art of Vaulting : Design and Construction in the Mediterranean Gothic}, editor = {Wunderwald, Anke and Fuentes, Paula}, publisher = {Birkh{\"a}user}, address = {Basel}, isbn = {978-3-0356-1824-2}, pages = {43 -- 78}, language = {en} } @misc{Wendland, author = {Wendland, David}, title = {Setting-out and Architectural Drawing : Design and Construction of the Vault in St. Catherine's Chapel in Strasbourg Minster (1547)}, series = {Water, Doors and Buildings: the Proceedings of the Sixth Conference of the Construction History Society}, journal = {Water, Doors and Buildings: the Proceedings of the Sixth Conference of the Construction History Society}, publisher = {Construction History Society}, address = {Cambrige}, isbn = {978-0-9928751-5-2}, pages = {271 -- 284}, language = {en} } @book{Wendland, author = {Wendland, David}, title = {Steinerne Ranken, wunderbare Maschinen: Entwurf und Planung sp{\"a}tgotischer Gew{\"o}lbe und ihrer Einzelteile}, publisher = {Michael Imhof Verlag}, address = {Petersberg}, isbn = {978-3-7319-0608-7}, pages = {288}, language = {de} } @incollection{Wendland, author = {Wendland, David}, title = {Using physical models in the design of complex masonry structures}, series = {Physical Models: Their historical and current use in civil and building engineering design}, booktitle = {Physical Models: Their historical and current use in civil and building engineering design}, editor = {Addis, Bill and Kurrer, Karl-Eugen and Lorenz, Werner}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-433-03257-2}, pages = {847 -- 873}, language = {de} } @incollection{Wendland, author = {Wendland, David}, title = {Vault}, series = {Oxford Bibliographies: Architecture, Planning, and Preservation}, booktitle = {Oxford Bibliographies: Architecture, Planning, and Preservation}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, doi = {10.1093/obo/9780190922467-0046}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-26570, title = {Konstruktionssprachen - {\"U}berlegungen zur Periodisierung von Bautechnikgeschichte}, editor = {May, Roland and Wetzk, Volker and Kuban, Sabine and Schulte, Clara Jiva and Bastgen, Michael and Heres, Bernhard}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Birkh{\"a}user}, address = {Basel}, isbn = {978-3-0356-2228-7}, doi = {10.1515/9783035622317}, pages = {254}, language = {mul} } @misc{WetzkKurrer, author = {Wetzk, Volker and Kurrer, Karl-Eugen}, title = {Das Zusammenspiel von Industrie, Verwaltung und Wissenschaft bei der Formierung einer Konstruktionssprache von Lagern im Eisen- und Stahlbau}, series = {Konstruktionsprachen - {\"U}berlegungen zur Periodisierung von Bautechnikgeschichte}, journal = {Konstruktionsprachen - {\"U}berlegungen zur Periodisierung von Bautechnikgeschichte}, editor = {May, Roland and Wetzk, Volker and Kuban, Sabine and Schulte, Clara Jiva and Bastgen, Michael and Heres, Bernhard}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Birkh{\"a}user}, address = {Basel}, isbn = {978-3-0356-2228-7}, doi = {10.1515/9783035622317-006}, pages = {73 -- 98}, abstract = {Mit der Einf{\"u}hrung des Eisens als Konstruktionswerkstoff im Zuge der Industriellen Revolution hatten sich dem Br{\"u}cken- und Hochbau unge-ahnte Dimensionen in Entwurf, Berechnung, Konstruktion, Montage und Nutzung er{\"o}ffnet, die ein neues Denken der Ingenieure erforderten. So wurden Bewegungen eiserner {\"U}berbauten, insbesondere durch Temperaturver{\"a}nderungen, nicht mehr als unerw{\"u}nschte und zu unterdr{\"u}ckende Begleiterscheinung verstanden, sondern als integraler Bestandteil des Konstruierens mit Eisen zugelassen. Damit avancierte auch die Lagertechnik zum Spiegel eines neuen Denkens, wie es Werner Lorenz bereits 1990 am Beispiel der Entwicklung des Dreigelenksystems aufzeigte: Sicherheit durch Beweglichkeit. Die Generation der eisernen - sp{\"a}ter st{\"a}hlernen - Lager sollte bis nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg ein technisches Stamm-Inventar des Konstruktiven Ingenieurbaus bilden. Aufbauend auf einer Darlegung des technik-geschichtlichen Kontextes sowie der Einf{\"u}hrung von Lagern in den Br{\"u}ckenbau thematisiert nachfolgender Beitrag die Auspr{\"a}gung einer Konstruk-tionssprache f{\"u}r eiserne bzw. st{\"a}hlerne Lager. Den methodischen Leitfaden bilden die schematischen Handlungsebenen Industrie, Verwaltung und Wissenschaft mit ihrem triadischen Zusammenspiel und ihren unterschiedlich motivierten Impulsen auf die Sprachentwicklung. Letztere ist nicht linear, sie folgt aber im entwicklungsgeschichtlichen Sinne einer Reifung bzw. Optimierung, um nach einem Stillstand schließlich durch die spezifische Konstruk­tionssprache einer neuen Lagergeneration abgel{\"o}st zu werden. Am hier aufgezeigten Beispiel wird im Nachgang die G{\"u}ltigkeit eines von Lorenz vorgeschlagenen allgemeinen Entwicklungsmodells f{\"u}r Konstruktionssprachen untersucht.}, language = {de} } @incollection{WendlandDegeneveEberhardtetal., author = {Wendland, David and Degen{\`e}ve, Fr{\´e}d{\´e}ric and Eberhardt, Nicolas and Ventas Sierra, Maria Jos{\´e}}, title = {Les proc{\´e}d{\´e}s de dessin des {\´e}l{\´e}ments en pierre des vo{\^u}tes complexes du gothique tardif : la synth{\`e}se des savoirs historiques et techniques au sein d'un projet collaboratif entre universit{\´e} et atelier de cath{\´e}drale}, series = {Le chantier cath{\´e}dral en Europe: diffusion et sauvegarde des savoirs, savoir-faire et mat{\´e}riaux du Moyen {\^A}ge {\`a} nos jours}, booktitle = {Le chantier cath{\´e}dral en Europe: diffusion et sauvegarde des savoirs, savoir-faire et mat{\´e}riaux du Moyen {\^A}ge {\`a} nos jours}, editor = {Chave d', Isabelle and Faisant, {\´E}tienne and Sandron, Dany}, publisher = {Le Passage}, address = {Paris/New York}, isbn = {978-2-84742-4546}, pages = {245 -- 261}, language = {de} } @incollection{MayWetzkKubanetal., author = {May, Roland and Wetzk, Volker and Kuban, Sabine and Schulte, Clara Jiva and Bastgen, Michael and Heres, Bernhard}, title = {Kon|struk|ti|ons|spra|chen. Eine Einf{\"u}hrung}, series = {Konstruktionssprachen - {\"U}berlegungen zur Periodisierung von Bautechnikgeschichte}, booktitle = {Konstruktionssprachen - {\"U}berlegungen zur Periodisierung von Bautechnikgeschichte}, editor = {May, Roland and Wetzk, Volker and Kuban, Sabine and Schulte, Clara Jiva and Bastgen, Michael and Heres, Bernhard}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Birkh{\"a}user}, address = {Basel}, isbn = {978-3-0356-2231-7}, doi = {10.1515/9783035622317-001}, pages = {7 -- 15}, language = {de} } @incollection{Wendland, author = {Wendland, David}, title = {Brick Vaults by J.C. von Lassaulx and A. Antonelli: an Ancient Building Technique for the Industrial Age}, series = {Brick Vaults and Beyond the Transformation of a Historical Structural System from 1750 to 1970}, booktitle = {Brick Vaults and Beyond the Transformation of a Historical Structural System from 1750 to 1970}, editor = {Fuentes, Paula and Wouters, Ine}, publisher = {Vrije Universiteit Brussel}, address = {Br{\"u}ssel}, isbn = {978-84-9728-587-2}, pages = {33 -- 60}, language = {de} } @misc{Korensky, author = {Korensky, Vladimir}, title = {The Introduction of the Hennebique Reinforced Concrete System in the Russian Empire, 1898-1907}, series = {ICON : the journal of the International Committee for the History of Technology}, volume = {26}, journal = {ICON : the journal of the International Committee for the History of Technology}, number = {1}, issn = {1361-8113}, pages = {112 -- 129}, abstract = {As a part of the research field concerning the transfer of European knowledge to the Russian Empire, this paper concentrates on the transfer of technical knowledge. It describes the introduction and application of a reinforced concrete construction method developed around I886 by the French bricklayer and construction site supervisor Fran{\c{c}}ois Hennebique. The Hennebique system was promoted by his worldwide professional network, including in the Russian Empire. Paul de Monicourt, a French engineer, was the main figure associated with the promotion of this method throughout the Russian Empire. He established his first office in southwestern Ekaterinoslav specialized in industrial buildings and bridges. After sharing his construction and calculation methods with the engineers of Russian Railways, he lost his monopoly hold on bridge construction in the Russian Empire. Moving his focus to the north, he established an additional office in Saint Petersburg, where he began to work in dome construction. In I905, de Monicourt began a partnership with a local construction company. His involvement in this partnership makes it difficult to trace his later activity and individual achievements since this company took over the spread of Hennebique system in the Russian Empire.}, language = {en} } @misc{Korensky, author = {Korensky, Vladimir}, title = {Impact of European Knowledge on the Development of Reinforced Concrete in the Russian Empire}, series = {History of Construction Cultures; Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Construction History (7ICCH 2021), July 12-16, 2021, Lisbon, Portugal, Volume 1}, journal = {History of Construction Cultures; Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Construction History (7ICCH 2021), July 12-16, 2021, Lisbon, Portugal, Volume 1}, editor = {Mascarenhas-Mateus, Jo{\~a}o and Pires, Ana Paula}, publisher = {CRC Press}, address = {London}, isbn = {9781032002026}, doi = {10.1201/9781003173359-90}, pages = {693 -- 697}, abstract = {As a part of the wide research field regarding the introduction of European knowledge to the Russian Empire and its adoption and implementation, this paper shines a light on aspects of early reinforced concrete knowledge transfer. The development of reinforced concrete in Russia has been studied and described in Russian publications of the Soviet and later periods to a limited extent. However, the evident and substantial influence of European knowledge and the contributions of European specialists from France, Germany, Swit-zerland, and Austria has remained unexamined. Drawing on historical, technical, and periodical literature as well as on archival documents, this paper describes three different examples of knowledge transfer and their influence on the local development of reinforced concrete.}, language = {en} } @misc{Korensky, author = {Korensky, Vladimir}, title = {The contributions of European Specialists to the Development of Reinforced Concrete in Pre-revolutionary Saint Petersburg}, series = {Reconstruction and Restoration of Architectural Heritage 2021, Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Reconstruction and Renovation of Architectural Heritage, March 24-27, 2021, Saint Petersburg, Russia}, journal = {Reconstruction and Restoration of Architectural Heritage 2021, Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Reconstruction and Renovation of Architectural Heritage, March 24-27, 2021, Saint Petersburg, Russia}, editor = {Sementsov, Sergey and Leontyev, Alexander and Huerta, Santiago}, publisher = {CRC Press}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-1-003-13680-4}, doi = {10.1201/9781003136804-67}, pages = {345 -- 349}, abstract = {The omission of the contribution of European specialists to the development of early reinforced concrete in the publications of the Soviet and later periods led to this research. An investigation of the technical literature and archival documents brought about new discoveries. European engineers and representatives of well-known European construction companies played an important role in the early development of reinforced concrete in the Russian Empire. This paper describes the introduction and the development of this construction technology in Saint Petersburg and is an extract from the author's doctoral thesis on the development of rein-forced concrete in the Russian Empire from its inception to the outbreak of the October Revolution.}, language = {en} } @misc{Buecherl, author = {B{\"u}cherl, Heike}, title = {Incomplete: The discontinued building project of a Greek temple of the Classical period}, series = {History of construction cultures : proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Construction History (7ICCH 2021), July 12-16, 2021, Lisbon, Portugal. Volume 2}, journal = {History of construction cultures : proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Construction History (7ICCH 2021), July 12-16, 2021, Lisbon, Portugal. Volume 2}, editor = {Mascarenhas-Mateus, Jo{\~a}o and Paula Pires, Ana}, publisher = {CRC Press}, address = {Boca Raton}, isbn = {978-1-003-17343-4}, doi = {10.1201/9781003173434-114}, pages = {17 -- 23}, language = {en} } @misc{Lengenfeld, author = {Lengenfeld, Jonas}, title = {Simply complex: Case studies on complex stone constructions of High Medieval courtly chimneys}, series = {History of construction cultures : proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Construction History (7ICCH 2021), July 12-16, 2021, Lisbon, Portugal. Volume 2}, journal = {History of construction cultures : proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Construction History (7ICCH 2021), July 12-16, 2021, Lisbon, Portugal. Volume 2}, editor = {Mascarenhas-Mateus, Jo{\~a}o and Paula Pires, Ana}, publisher = {CRC Press}, address = {Boca Raton}, isbn = {978-1-00-317343-4}, doi = {10.1201/9781003173434-119}, pages = {55 -- 62}, language = {en} } @misc{Nazari, author = {Nazari, Soheil}, title = {The practical geometry of Persian ribbed vaults: A study of the rehabilitation of the Kolahduzan Dome in the Tabriz historic bazaar}, series = {History of construction cultures : proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Construction History (7ICCH 2021), July 12-16, 2021, Lisbon, Portugal. Volume 2}, journal = {History of construction cultures : proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Construction History (7ICCH 2021), July 12-16, 2021, Lisbon, Portugal. Volume 2}, editor = {Mascarenhas-Mateus, Jo{\~a}o and Paula Pires, Ana}, publisher = {CRC Press}, address = {Boca Raton}, isbn = {978-1-00-317343-4}, doi = {10.1201/9781003173434-169}, pages = {439 -- 446}, language = {en} } @misc{WendlandGielenKorensky, author = {Wendland, David and Gielen, Mark and Korensky, Vladimir}, title = {The construction and Stereotomy of the medieval vaults in Notre-Dame: Planning, stone-cutting and building of the double-curved shells}, series = {History of construction cultures : proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Construction History (7ICCH 2021), July 12-16, 2021, Lisbon, Portugal. Volume 2}, journal = {History of construction cultures : proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Construction History (7ICCH 2021), July 12-16, 2021, Lisbon, Portugal. Volume 2}, editor = {Mascarenhas-Mateus, Jo{\~a}o and Paula Pires, Ana}, publisher = {CRC Press}, address = {Boca Raton}, isbn = {978-1-00-317343-4}, doi = {10.1201/9781003173434-155}, pages = {333 -- 340}, language = {en} } @misc{Korensky, author = {Korensky, Vladimir}, title = {Early reinforced concrete shells in Russia}, series = {Timber and Construction: Proceedings of the Ninth Conference of the Construction History Society}, journal = {Timber and Construction: Proceedings of the Ninth Conference of the Construction History Society}, editor = {Campbell, James and Baker, Nina and Driver, Michael and Heaton, Michael and Ruamsanitwong, Natcha and Wall, Christine and Yeomans, David}, publisher = {The Construction History Society}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-0-9928751-8-3}, pages = {361 -- 371}, abstract = {This paper discusses the development of shell structures in the context of the application of early reinforced concrete in the Russian Empire. Following a short discussion of the context and general conditions, the main construction methods are addressed. Different types of buildings are analysed in the paper, covering the period from the first structures in 1888 until the revolution of 1917. Special attention is given to shell constructions and their supporting structures. As they are intricate and technically advanced, these structures arguably represent the highest point in the development of early reinforced concrete. The research was based on Soviet era and later construction history publications, archival documents, and drawings as well as historical technical literature on the topic in Russian, French, German, and English. Such a broad overview has allowed the history of the development of early reinforced concrete constructions to be seen from different perspectives.}, language = {en} } @misc{Korensky, author = {Korensky, Vladimir}, title = {Addis, Bill [ed.] (2021): Physical Models: Their historical and current use in civil and building engineering design}, series = {Mauerwerk}, volume = {26}, journal = {Mauerwerk}, number = {1}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1432-3427}, pages = {45 -- 46}, language = {de} } @misc{Lengenfeld, author = {Lengenfeld, Jonas}, title = {The complex masonry of the Sch{\"o}nburg castle keep chimney system (1201 CE) in the context of contemporary examples}, series = {Timber and Construction: Proceedings of the Ninth Conference of the Construction History Society}, journal = {Timber and Construction: Proceedings of the Ninth Conference of the Construction History Society}, editor = {Campbell, James and Baker, Nina and Driver, Michael and Heaton, Michael and Ruamsanitwong, Natcha and Wall, Christine and Yeomans, David}, publisher = {The Construction History Society}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-0-9928751-8-3}, pages = {23 -- 37}, language = {en} } @misc{NazariMahmoudnejad, author = {Nazari, Soheil and Mahmoudnejad, A.}, title = {Documentation and analysis of the free-handed vaulting technique at the Toor Caravanserai, Iran}, series = {Timber and Construction: Proceedings of the Ninth Conference of the Construction History Society}, journal = {Timber and Construction: Proceedings of the Ninth Conference of the Construction History Society}, editor = {Campbell, James and Baker, Nina and Driver, Michael and Heaton, Michael and Ruamsanitwong, Natcha and Wall, Christine and Yeomans, David}, publisher = {The Construction History Society}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-0-9928751-8-3}, pages = {75 -- 87}, language = {en} } @misc{Schmitt, author = {Schmitt, Rebecca Erika}, title = {Geometric design and construction of a Late Baroque brick vault: Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer's Benedictine church of the Holy Cross and St. Hedwig at Legnickie Pole}, series = {Timber and Construction: Proceedings of the Ninth Conference of the Construction History Society}, journal = {Timber and Construction: Proceedings of the Ninth Conference of the Construction History Society}, editor = {Campbell, James and Baker, Nina and Driver, Michael and Heaton, Michael and Ruamsanitwong, Natcha and Wall, Christine and Yeomans, David}, publisher = {The Construction History Society}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-0-9928751-8-3}, pages = {143 -- 155}, language = {en} } @misc{WendlandGielen, author = {Wendland, David and Gielen, Mark}, title = {The design and construction of the vaults in Notre-Dame in Paris and the development of medieval vaulting and stereotomy: surveys, analyses and experiments}, series = {Timber and Construction: Proceedings of the Ninth Conference of the Construction History Society}, journal = {Timber and Construction: Proceedings of the Ninth Conference of the Construction History Society}, editor = {Campbell, James and Baker, Nina and Driver, Michael and Heaton, Michael and Ruamsanitwong, Natcha and Wall, Christine and Yeomans, David}, publisher = {The Construction History Society}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-0-9928751-8-3}, pages = {39 -- 55}, language = {en} } @misc{Korensky, author = {Korensky, Vladimir}, title = {Addis, Bill (Hrsg.) : Physical Models: Their historical and current use in civil and building engineering design. Berlin : Ernst \& Sohn, 2021}, series = {Construction history. The International Journal of the Construction History Society}, volume = {37}, journal = {Construction history. The International Journal of the Construction History Society}, number = {1}, issn = {0267-7768}, pages = {133 -- 134}, language = {en} } @misc{SchmittWendland, author = {Schmitt, Rebecca Erika and Wendland, David}, title = {The geometric design of the "Guarinesque" vaults in Banz and Vierzehnheiligen in relation to the treatises of stereotomy}, series = {History of construction cultures : proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Construction History (7ICCH 2021), July 12-16, 2021, Lisbon, Portugal. Volume 2}, journal = {History of construction cultures : proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Construction History (7ICCH 2021), July 12-16, 2021, Lisbon, Portugal. Volume 2}, editor = {Mascarenhas-Mateus, Jo{\~a}o and Paula Pires, Ana}, publisher = {CRC Press}, address = {Boca Raton}, isbn = {978-1-00-317343-4}, doi = {10.1201/9781003173434-160}, pages = {371 -- 378}, abstract = {Johann Dientzenhofer's Banz Abbey Church (1710-1718) and Balthasar Neumann's church of Vierzehnheiligen (1743-1772), both located in Upper Franconia (Germany), are characterised by their masonry vaults, sequences of oval domes separated by double-curved arches. This Late Baroque architecture has been called "Guarinesque"; however, the conceptual connection between the vaults and Guarino Guarini's architecture remains to be thoroughly investigated. This paper resumes the discussion about the geometric definitions of these vaults using the modern methods of geometric analysis and reverse geometrical engineering, based on 3D laser scanning. The analysis of these scans reveals a design process based on plane circle segments and ovals, while more complex geometric procedures are not necessary to describe the vaults. Further, the relationship between these designs and the procedures of geometric design described in the treatises of stereotomy since the 16th century can be shown. On this background, the relation to Guarini's Architettura Civile (1737) is discussed.}, language = {en} } @misc{LengenfeldWendland, author = {Lengenfeld, Jonas and Wendland, David}, title = {Großes im Kleinen: Die Steinplanung des Bergfriedes der Sch{\"o}nburg im Kontext der Naumburger Dombauh{\"u}tte um 1200}, series = {Saale-Unstrut-Jahrbuch}, volume = {Jg. 28.2023}, journal = {Saale-Unstrut-Jahrbuch}, issn = {1431-0791}, pages = {30 -- 44}, abstract = {Bericht zu Bauforschung am Turm der Sch{\"o}nburg bei Naumburg. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt der aufwendigen Steinplanung, ihren Bez{\"u}gen zur Naumburger Dombauh{\"u}tte, sowie dem Fund eines fr{\"u}hen Kranes vom Typus des K{\"o}lner Domkranes.}, language = {de} } @misc{WendlandCuevasWinnefeldetal., author = {Wendland, David and Cuevas, Karla and Winnefeld, Frank and Stephan, Dietmar}, title = {Chemical, Mineralogical and Mechanical Characterization of Ancient Roman Concrete and Mortar: A Review}, series = {International Journal of Architectural Heritage}, journal = {International Journal of Architectural Heritage}, issn = {1558-3066}, doi = {10.1080/15583058.2023.2256259}, pages = {1 -- 25}, language = {en} } @misc{Lengenfeld, author = {Lengenfeld, Jonas}, title = {Some points on the construction of high medieval slewing cranes in towers in Germany based on Building archaeology and a new find from the early 13th century}, series = {Studies in Construction History : the Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference of the Construction History Society : Queen's College, University of Cambridge, 12-13 April 2023}, journal = {Studies in Construction History : the Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference of the Construction History Society : Queen's College, University of Cambridge, 12-13 April 2023}, editor = {Campbell, James}, publisher = {Construction History Society}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-0-9928751-9-0}, pages = {57 -- 74}, abstract = {The cathedrals and lavish secular buildings of the high medieval era bear witness to the level of skill with which heavy ashlars were hoisted and laid by the contemporary craftsmen. However, due to the lack of sources like treatises and naturalistic depictions we know comparably little about the cranes they used. To refine our knowledge of high medieval cranes this paper discusses their construction and technical capabilities based around preserved machines and finds examined with the methods of building archaeology.}, language = {en} } @misc{Schmitt, author = {Schmitt, Rebecca Erika}, title = {The geometric design of Christoph Dientzenhofer's 'radical' vaults}, series = {Studies in Construction History: Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference of the Construction History Society}, volume = {2023}, journal = {Studies in Construction History: Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference of the Construction History Society}, editor = {Campbell, James}, publisher = {Construction History Society}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-0-9928751-9-0}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6408}, pages = {143 -- 155}, abstract = {Christoph Dientzenhofer (1655-1722) is considered one of the most important Baroque master builders of Central Europe. From his extensive architectural oeuvre, a group of six church buildings with geometrically complex forms stands out, recognised by architectural historians as particularly innovative and influential. These churches, located in Bohemia (Czech Republic), and often collectively referred to as the 'radical', 'dynamic', 'Guarinesque', or simply 'Bohemian' group, are: St. Joseph in Obořiště (1702-11), the Castle Church in Smiřice (1702-11), St. Nicholas in the Lesser Town of Prague (1703-11), St. Clare in Cheb (1707-11), St. Margaret in Břevnov (1708-16), and the Church of the Holy Assumption in Nov{\´a} Paka (1709-24). The brick vaults of these six buildings, sequences of oval domes and double-curved vault areas, are of particular interest for building research. In this study, the geometric design of the vaults of Dientzenhofer's 'radical' churches is documented, analysed, and compared using 3D laser scans of the buildings as primary source. The 3D models generated from the scans enable a geometric analysis through the method of reverse geometric engineering, breaking down the vaults' complex three-dimensional forms into their basic two-dimensional components: segments of circles with different radii and orientations, curved in one or two directions. These forms can be found in the architectural and stereotomic treatises that were widespread at the time. By comparing the vault geometry of the six churches with each other and with the geometric concepts discussed in the treatises, general statements can be made about the architect's design choices. On the basis of this investigation, hypotheses are made about the design and underlying geometric ideas of the vaults of Dientzenhofer's 'radical group', and the results are placed in context.}, language = {en} } @misc{WendlandGielen, author = {Wendland, David and Gielen, Mark}, title = {Some considerations on the early development of cross vaults and rib vaults in medieval architecture}, series = {Studies in Construction History : the Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference of the Construction History Society : Queen's College, University of Cambridge, 12-13 April 2023}, journal = {Studies in Construction History : the Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference of the Construction History Society : Queen's College, University of Cambridge, 12-13 April 2023}, editor = {Campbell, James}, publisher = {Construction History Society}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-0-9928751-9-0}, pages = {29 -- 42}, abstract = {The fundamental shift in the geometric design of cross vaults that gave way to the development of Gothic vaults is usually associated with the introduction of cross ribs built with cut stone. And it is generally assumed that the development of the rib vault occurred in Norman architecture shortly before 1100, from where it was introduced to early Gothic vault architecture. In particular, the requirements of stone planning in the ribs has been interpreted as a guiding feature of the geometric design of the vaults. However, surveys and geometric analyses carried out in some prominent vaulted structures suggest that this innovation in the geometric concept of vaults may have taken place at an earlier date, and that this development has a more complex relation to the use of ribs than it has been generally assumed. We discuss this in case studies on the geometric concept of the cross vaults in the Palatine Chapel at Aachen and in the two medieval building phases of Speyer Cathedral. In the latter, archaeological evidence shows that in the complex, wide spanned high vault of the nave one original bay still survives from the late 11th century. The research in progress on the earliest known rib vaults in central European architecture also raises questions regarding the early history of stereotomy. In the lack of written or graphic sources about the design and building technology in these structures, the built object is an essential source for understanding the decision-making processes in planning of complex spatial structures stable by their shape. The interpretation of the geometric data and the evidence from building archaeology gives an insight also on the background of knowledge in the design of highly demanding spatial structures in the middle-ages.}, language = {en} } @misc{WendlandGielenKorensky, author = {Wendland, David and Gielen, Mark and Korensky, Vladimir}, title = {Towards the Gothic: Design and Construction of the 12th Century Vaults in Notre-Dame in Paris, and Possible Origins}, series = {International Journal of Architectural Heritage}, journal = {International Journal of Architectural Heritage}, doi = {DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2024.2427661}, pages = {1 -- 34}, abstract = {The vaults over the choir and nave of Notre-Dame in Paris play a key role in the development of Gothic vaults—regarding their sheer height and span, and in particular their complex stone structure. A considerable dynamic in the development of new construction details can be seen in solutions that in some cases are still quite distinct from the well-known constructions of the great Gothic vaults, and that in other cases, although innovative, remain more or less singular. The design of the sexpartite vaults follows a scheme established in the early Gothic and at the same time displays groundbreaking conceptions in geometry and construction. The fire of the roof that in 2019 damaged part of the vaults, but also showed their remarkable structural performance, brought up the necessity of better understanding these structures while also giving deep insight into construction details. The ongoing research presented here correlates geometric analyses based on 3D-scanning, carried out on the vaults in Notre-Dame and on comparable structures, observations on construction details on site, and sources such as historical drawings, with large-scale experiments reproducing the processes of construction, fabrication of building elements, as well as planning and information transfer from design to building. The approach that refers to the built object as its principal source can be characterized as reverse engineering.}, language = {en} } @misc{Schmitt, author = {Schmitt, Rebecca Erika}, title = {The vaults of St. Nicholas in the Lesser Town of Prague (1703-1711, 1737-1760s): the Dientzenhofers' magnum opus}, series = {Construction Matters. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Construction History}, journal = {Construction Matters. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Construction History}, editor = {Holzer, Stefan and Langenberg, Silke and Knobling, Clemens and Kasap, Orkun}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {vdf Hochschulverlag}, address = {Z{\"u}rich}, isbn = {978-3-7281-4166-8}, doi = {10.3218/4166-8}, pages = {818 -- 825}, abstract = {The former Jesuit Church of St. Nicholas in the Lesser Town of Prague (Sv. Mikul{\´a}š na pražsk{\´e} Mal{\´e} Straně), is considered the masterpiece of the two Prague-based members of the Dientzenhofer family of master builders, Christoph (1655-1722) and Kilian Ignaz (1689-1751), father and son. Christoph's new vault concept of double-curved pairs of arches, although being the starting point for a new stream within Baroque architecture, was realized but not completely finished. Decades later, his son completed the building to his own unique design, drastically remodeling the existing vaults. This study seeks to determine what this change in architectural expression means at the level of vault geometry and construction. Using a laser scan of the building as the primary source, the complex vault geometry based on circle segments was analyzed with the help of Reverse Geometric Engineering, and the construction techniques, centering and alterations to the building's fabric were described and interpreted by means of precise extrados plans. This made it possible to reconstruct the original vault design, providing a significant contribution to long-debated questions of architectural history. Furthermore, the different approaches to vault design and construction taken by Christoph and Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer respectively, were clarified, showing how Kilian Ignaz utilized simpler geometry and centering but achieved more advanced structural details than his father.}, language = {en} } @misc{Nazari, author = {Nazari, Soheil}, title = {The Construction Technique of the Dome of Nizam al-Mulk in the Friday Mosque of Isfahan}, series = {8th Congress on Construction History ETH Z{\"u}rich}, journal = {8th Congress on Construction History ETH Z{\"u}rich}, doi = {10.3218/4166-8}, pages = {796 -- 803}, abstract = {The Friday Mosque of Isfahan is one of the Iran's most prominent monuments and one of the great masterpieces in the history of architecture, in particular of the construction of complex vaults. The mosque is built around a central courtyard crowned by several vaults and two dome chambers in the main axis of the complex. The southern domed chamber, known as the dome of Nizām al-Mulk the powerful Persian vizier (1018-1092), built under the rule of Malikshāh the Seljuq (1072-92) in front of the qibla wall. The building marks a significant point in the history of Iranian architecture. Spanning about 15m and reaching a height of 26.54m at the inner apex, it is the largest masonry dome constructed in the Islamic world until that time. As well as the addition of an iwan to the northern edge of the chamber, facing to the central yard, the concept of a dome and iwan would serve as a model for many mosque architecture during the Seljuqs until the end of the 12th century AD. While previous investigations of the building were primarily archaeological, this study focusses on the structure and construction of the dome. This includes the masonry arches of the hall, the transitional zone, and in particular the dome itself that shows a unique combination of ribs and shells. The investigations are carried out on the basis of a new survey. The geometric analyses enabled us to reconstruct the structure of the dome.}, language = {en} } @misc{WendlandGielen, author = {Wendland, David and Gielen, Mark}, title = {The revolution in vault construction before the Gothic: Speyer Cathedral, some related examples, and the development of wide spanned vaults in the 11th and 12th centuries}, series = {Construction Matters. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Construction History}, journal = {Construction Matters. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Construction History}, editor = {Holzer, Stefan and Langenberg, Silke and Knobling, Clemens and Kasap, Orkun}, publisher = {vdf Hochschulverlag AG}, isbn = {978-3-7281-4166-8}, doi = {10.3218/4166-8}, pages = {771 -- 779}, abstract = {The principles of the geometric design and construction of Gothic vaults mark a fundamental shift in vault conception. In reality, the underlying geometric conceptions were established well before the Gothic, and the relation to the development of rib vaults is more complex than it has been generally assumed. The vaults in Speyer Cathedral, one of the most prominent church buildings in the Middle Ages, are exemplary for innovative vault design in the eleventh century. Moreover, here the first high vaults were built over a large church nave, and the first cross vaults with diagonal ribs appear. We intend to show the key position in the history of medieval vault construction, regarding the geometric design as well as the new structural system. The impact can be shown in prominent vaulted structures from the early Gothic, in particular the nave of the Cathedral of Angers and the high vaults in Notre-Dame in Paris. The study is based on surveys, 3-D-Scans, and geometric analyses, aiming to understand design and construction of the vaults, the details of the masonry and stonework, as well as the structural elements. In the context of the historical development of applied geometry we also discuss the role of stereotomy in the architecture of the cathedral. This raises the question of the origins of the canon of design exercises that is connotated with Early Modern treatises of architecture.}, language = {en} } @misc{Lengenfeld, author = {Lengenfeld, Jonas}, title = {Building service solutions in the first half of the 13th century CE. - variations of the same tasks in the two towers of the Margraves of Baden in Besigheim}, series = {Construction Matters. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Construction History}, journal = {Construction Matters. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Construction History}, editor = {Holzer, Stefan and Langenberg, Silke and Knobling, Clemens and Kasap, Orkun}, publisher = {vdf Hochschulverlag AG}, isbn = {978-3-7281-4166-8}, doi = {10.3218/4166-8}, pages = {833 -- 840}, abstract = {The relative chronology and ideas behind development in medieval building services are often difficult to prove. Especially concerning the High Middle Ages, the acquisition of knowledge is hindered not only by the large amount of unpublished unknown or destroyed objects, but also by the lack of written sources. With the two towers of Besigheim in southern Germany, well-preserved examples of stately architecture extant to this day. A detailed Building Archeological survey of them can offer us a regionally and temporally fixed insights into building services, their variations and the ideas which underpinned them.}, language = {en} } @incollection{LengenfeldWendland, author = {Lengenfeld, Jonas and Wendland, David}, title = {Die Planung der komplexen Werksteinkonstruktion im Bergfried der Sch{\"o}nburg - Das Werk eines Naumburger Meisters}, series = {Materialgerecht konstruiert!?! : Tagungsband der F{\"u}nften Jahrestagung von 10. bis 11. Juni 2021 in Z{\"u}rich}, booktitle = {Materialgerecht konstruiert!?! : Tagungsband der F{\"u}nften Jahrestagung von 10. bis 11. Juni 2021 in Z{\"u}rich}, editor = {Rauhut, Christoph}, publisher = {Michael Imhof}, address = {Petersberg}, isbn = {978-3-7319-1253-8}, pages = {87 -- 104}, language = {de} } @incollection{Buecherl, author = {B{\"u}cherl, Heike}, title = {Die Treppenanlagen des Tempels A in Selinunt}, series = {Gestaltung, Funktion und Bedeutung antiker Treppenanlagen : Multiperspektivische Analyse einer transkulturellen Konstante}, booktitle = {Gestaltung, Funktion und Bedeutung antiker Treppenanlagen : Multiperspektivische Analyse einer transkulturellen Konstante}, editor = {Rickert, Alexa and Schlosser, Sophie}, publisher = {Zaphon}, address = {M{\"u}nster}, isbn = {978-3-96327-214-1}, pages = {313 -- 336}, language = {de} } @misc{SchmittWendland, author = {Schmitt, Rebecca Erika and Wendland, David}, title = {Untersuchung der geometrischen Konzeption der Gew{\"o}lbe der Basilika Vierzehnheiligen auf Basis von 3D-Scanningdaten im Kontext der Stereotomie}, series = {Materialgerecht konstruiert!?! Tagungsband der F{\"u}nften Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Bautechnikgeschichte 10. bis 11. Juni 2021}, journal = {Materialgerecht konstruiert!?! Tagungsband der F{\"u}nften Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Bautechnikgeschichte 10. bis 11. Juni 2021}, editor = {Rauhut, Christoph and Weber, Christiane and Bastgen, Michael and Sieder, Mike and Kuban, Sabine}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Michael Imhof Verlag}, address = {Petersberg}, isbn = {9783731912538}, pages = {105 -- 121}, abstract = {Betrachtet wird die geometrische Konzeption der Gew{\"o}lbe der von Balthasar Neumann entworfenen Wallfahrtskirche Vierzehnheiligen. Ausgehend vom gebauten Objekt und basierend auf 3D-Scanningdaten, werden mithilfe der Methode des Reverse Geometric Engineering die geometrischen Eigenschaften des Gew{\"o}lbes untersucht und die Konzepte rekonstruiert, die bei der Planung zur Anwendung gekommen sein m{\"u}ssen. Dabei werden die Abteikirche Banz und die Hofkirche der Residenz W{\"u}rzburg als Vergleichsbauten mit einbezogen. Die Entwurfsmethoden werden in ihrem Zusammenhang mit den zeitgen{\"o}ssischen Traktaten der Stereotomie und Architektur, sowie mit bekannten Planungspraktiken bei geometrisch komplexen Bauten betrachtet; dabei wird auch der Bezug zu den Gew{\"o}lbeentw{\"u}rfen des italienischen Barockarchitekten Guarino Guarini diskutiert.}, language = {de} } @misc{Wendland, author = {Wendland, David}, title = {Holzer, Stefan: Ger{\"u}ste und Hilfskonstruktionen im historischen Baubetrieb : Geheimnisse der Bautechnikgeschichte. Berlin : Ernst \& Sohn, 2021}, series = {Construction history. The International Journal of the Construction History Society}, volume = {37}, journal = {Construction history. The International Journal of the Construction History Society}, number = {2}, issn = {0267-7768}, pages = {110 -- 112}, language = {de} } @misc{WetzkQuos, author = {Wetzk, Volker and Quos, Christian}, title = {Das Potenzial der Spektralanalyse f{\"u}r die Werkstoffcharakterisierung von Stahlguss im Bestand}, series = {12. Symposium Experimentelle Untersuchungen von Baukonstruktionen : 01. Juni 2023}, journal = {12. Symposium Experimentelle Untersuchungen von Baukonstruktionen : 01. Juni 2023}, editor = {Curbach, Manfred and Marx, Steffen and Scheerer, Silke and Hampel, Torsten}, publisher = {Institut f{\"u}r Massivbau, Technische Universit{\"a}t Dresden}, address = {Dresden}, isbn = {978-3-86780-740-1}, issn = {1613-6934}, pages = {112 -- 123}, abstract = {Im Zusammenhang mit Sanierungs- und Ert{\"u}chtigungsmaßnahmen an bestehenden Br{\"u}ckenbauwerken muss auch der Zustand der Bestands-Br{\"u}ckenlager beurteilt werden. Mangels Grundlagen bleiben hierbei Fragen offen, z.B. zu den M{\"o}glichkeiten einer minimal-invasiven Untersuchung des Lagerwerkstoffs. Gerade hier setzen die Einbaugegebenheiten Grenzen f{\"u}r eine Probenentnahme. Am Beispiel des ab ca. 1880 {\"u}blicherweise f{\"u}r Br{\"u}ckenlager verwendeten Werkstoffs Stahlguss erl{\"a}utert der Beitrag Methodik und Ergebnisse eines analytischen Ansatzes zur Werkstoffcharakterisierung allein auf Grundlage einer elektrochemischen Probenanalyse. F{\"u}r die Versuche stand eine Vielzahl historischer Br{\"u}ckenlager zur Verf{\"u}gung; als Referenzwerte dienten Ergebnisse aus standardisierten Zugversuchen an Rundproben. Im Ergebnis des Vorgehens konnte eine sehr positive {\"U}bereinstimmung der auf Grundlage elektrochemischer Messungen analytisch ermittelten Festigkeiten mit denen der Referenzproben bescheinigt werden. Der Ansatz zeigt damit einen vielversprechenden minimal-invasiven Zugang zum Werkstoff im Rahmen von Bauteiluntersuchungen auf - auch {\"u}ber den hier thematisierten Werkstoff Stahlguss hinaus.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Wetzk, author = {Wetzk, Volker}, title = {Der Ingenieur im Kr{\"a}ftespiel von Mensch - Natur - Technik. Ein Pl{\"a}doyer f{\"u}r den Wandel des Berufsbildes}, series = {Perspektiven f{\"u}r den Wandel}, booktitle = {Perspektiven f{\"u}r den Wandel}, publisher = {Edition Immanente}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-942754-36-1}, pages = {265 -- 281}, language = {de} } @misc{Korensky, author = {Korensky, Vladimir}, title = {Contribution of Europeans to the Further Development of Reinforced Concrete in the Russian Tsarist Empire}, series = {Studies in Construction History : the Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference of the Construction History Society : Queen's College, University of Cambridge, 12-13 April 2023}, journal = {Studies in Construction History : the Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference of the Construction History Society : Queen's College, University of Cambridge, 12-13 April 2023}, editor = {Campbell, James}, publisher = {Construction History Society}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-0-9928751-9-0}, pages = {411 -- 421}, abstract = {The introduction of early reinforced concrete by the European specialists in the Russian Empire can be divided into two development periods. Due to their intensive efforts, the new construction method was successfully introduced in constructions of public, residential and industrial buildings at the end of the 19th century using the well-known Monier and Hennebique systems. The application of the construction method during this stage of development ranged from single building elements to small-scale structures. At the beginning of the 20th century, the increasing adoption of the application of construction methods in all fields of construction by Russian specialists and the unstable political situation in the country led to the interruption of the activity of foreign specialists. After the political situation had stabilised and the country experienced a new wave of industrialisation, construction activity by Europeans was relaunched with impetus. Drawing on catalogues of the construction companies, on historical technical literature and on available archival documents, this paper names the important European specialists and describes their buildings constructed during this phase in the Russian Empire. Special attention is paid to the large scale skeletal structures.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Wendland, author = {Wendland, David}, title = {Historische Bauwerke mit komplexer Form : mit Reverse Engineering und digitalen Werkzeugen auf den Spuren der fr{\"u}hen Bauh{\"u}tten}, series = {Bauwerksaufnahme : Bewahren durch Erkunden}, volume = {2025}, booktitle = {Bauwerksaufnahme : Bewahren durch Erkunden}, publisher = {Fraunhofer IRB Verlag}, address = {Stuttgart}, isbn = {978-3-7388-1049-3}, doi = {10.60628/9783738810493-119}, pages = {119 -- 138}, abstract = {Moderne Untersuchungstechniken er{\"o}ffnen neue Perspektiven auf historische Bauwerke. Mit der Methode des Reverse Engineering lassen sich Planungs- und Konstruktionsprozesse an den Objekten nachvollziehen, was wiederum gr{\"o}ßere baugeschichtliche Zusammenh{\"a}nge erschließen kann. Dies wird im vorliegenden Beitrag anhand komplexer Gew{\"o}lbekonstruktionen von der Antike bis zur Gotik illustriert. Ihre Planung basierend auf Fl{\"a}chen- oder Kurvenkonzepten ist eng mit der Entwicklung der Stereotomie als Lehre des r{\"a}umlichen Steinschnitts verbunden. Die Betrachtungen geben Anlass, {\"u}ber Expertennetzwerke sowie Wissens- und Lehrorte im Umfeld der mittelalterlichen Großbaustellen nachzudenken. So erweisen sich digitale Werkzeuge als Schl{\"u}ssel nicht nur zur Erforschung, sondern auch zum Erhalt historischer Architektur.}, language = {de} }