@phdthesis{Keller, author = {Keller, Sebastian}, title = {Entwicklung eines wissensbasierten Assistenzsystems zur Konfiguration robotergest{\"u}tzter, hybrider Montagesysteme unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung sicherheitsrelevanter Anforderungen}, publisher = {Shaker Verlag}, address = {Aachen}, isbn = {978-3-8440-5431-7}, pages = {XV, 183}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BergerSchaeferSchottkeetal., author = {Berger, Ulrich and Sch{\"a}fer, Stephan and Schottke, Dirk and Kampfe, Thomas and Tauber, Bernd and Kr{\"o}nke, Dietrich}, title = {Increasing the flexibility of manufacturing: A service-oriented approach in automation}, series = {21st International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), 6-9 Sept. 2016, Berlin}, booktitle = {21st International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), 6-9 Sept. 2016, Berlin}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-5090-1314-2}, doi = {10.1109/ETFA.2016.7733673}, pages = {4}, abstract = {In addition to the already required functionality, future production systems should consider the requirements of flexible and demand-oriented resource utilization. Those are not only related on fields of energy, but also material-efficient and time-efficient use of available means of production. Modular system architectures and modular solutions facilitate the planning and implementation of these requirements. Using service-oriented architectures in automation allow an approach for new or modified system components that can be integrated in the available plant environment without a high additional investment of project engineering. This aspect is interesting for companies with manageable machinery, which are able to react immediately and flexible to changes. Service-oriented solutions include among other things the identification, classification and synchronization of possible services. The paper will show general prerequisites for an implementation of a service-oriented architecture in a module-based test field.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BergerSchaeferSchoettkeetal., author = {Berger, Ulrich and Sch{\"a}fer, Stephan and Sch{\"o}ttke, Dirk and K{\"a}mpfe, Thomas and Matura, Dominik}, title = {Collaborating Robots in a Museum Environment - Modular Systems for 3D Documentation}, series = {20th Conference on Emerging Technologies \& Factory Automation (ETFA), 8-11 Sept. 2015 Luxembourg}, booktitle = {20th Conference on Emerging Technologies \& Factory Automation (ETFA), 8-11 Sept. 2015 Luxembourg}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-4673-7929-8}, doi = {10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301610}, pages = {5}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BergerSchaeferSchoettkeetal., author = {Berger, Ulrich and Sch{\"a}fer, Stephan and Sch{\"o}ttke, Dirk and K{\"a}mpfe, Thomas and Kr{\"o}nke, Dietrich}, title = {Fertigungsanlagen flexibel gestalten - Konzept einer plattform- und serviceorientierten L{\"o}sung}, series = {Entwurf komplexer Automatisierungssysteme, EKA 2016, 24.-25.05.2016, 14. Fachtagung mit Tutorium}, booktitle = {Entwurf komplexer Automatisierungssysteme, EKA 2016, 24.-25.05.2016, 14. Fachtagung mit Tutorium}, publisher = {Institut f{\"u}r Automation und Kommunikation e.V.}, address = {Magdeburg}, isbn = {978-3-944722-35-1}, pages = {1 -- 12}, language = {de} } @misc{BergerSchaeferSchoettkeetal., author = {Berger, Ulrich and Sch{\"a}fer, Stephan and Sch{\"o}ttke, Dirk and K{\"a}mpfe, Thomas and Kr{\"o}nke, Dietrich and Tauber, Bernd}, title = {Flexible Erweiterung von Arbeitsr{\"a}umen}, series = {atp edition}, volume = {58}, journal = {atp edition}, number = {7-8}, issn = {2364-3137}, pages = {58 -- 67}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BergerVogelHeuserRegulin, author = {Berger, Ulrich and Vogel-Heuser, Birgit and Regulin, Daniel}, title = {Lessons learned - Schrittweise modellbasiert migrieren von Industrie 3.0 zu 4.0}, series = {2. VDI-Fachtagung Industrie 4.0, D{\"u}sseldorf 28./29. Januar 2015}, booktitle = {2. VDI-Fachtagung Industrie 4.0, D{\"u}sseldorf 28./29. Januar 2015}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{AndulkarLeBerger, author = {Andulkar, Mayur and Le, Duc Tho and Berger, Ulrich}, title = {A multi-case study on Industry 4.0 for SME's in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2018}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2018}, isbn = {978-0-9981331-1-9}, pages = {4544 -- 4553}, abstract = {Industry 4.0 is still in its development phase and it promises to bring remarkable benefits to the manufacturing industry around the world when employing the Smart Factory application in large organizations and their supply chains. However, there is a risk of a miss-match when trying to introduce Industry 4.0 to Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) as the concept is mainly being developed around large manufacturing companies. The purpose of this research is to analyze the readiness level and feasibility of implementing Industry 4.0 technologies for SME's in the federal state of Brandenburg (Germany). The work is based on the survey of 20 SME's assessing their current problems emphasizing on automation, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), CAD/CAM, factory layout planning and logistics. Five SME's from different domains out of the 20 surveyed are taken as case studies to evaluate the potential benefits, trade-offs and barriers from an implementation of these integrated technologies. The findings revealed that the companies are still coping with the issues relating to planning, logistics and automation. It was also found that all the concepts of i4.0 may not be necessary or even beneficial to an enterprise in the current scenario and new strategies need to be developed for its realization in SME's.}, language = {en} } @misc{GebauerLehmann, author = {Gebauer, Marc and Lehmann, Marlon Antonin}, title = {RFID-basierte W{\"a}schesortieranlage f{\"u}r W{\"a}schest{\"u}cke aus Pflegeheimen}, series = {Melliand-Textilberichte}, volume = {99}, journal = {Melliand-Textilberichte}, number = {2}, issn = {0341-0781}, pages = {S. 93}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HodappAndulkarReichlingetal., author = {Hodapp, Jan and Andulkar, Mayur and Reichling, Thorsten and Berger, Ulrich}, title = {Improvements in Robot Teaching for Handling Operations in Production Environments}, series = {International Symposium on Robotics, ISR 2018, June 20-21, 2018 Messe M{\"u}nchen, Entrance East, Munich, Germany}, booktitle = {International Symposium on Robotics, ISR 2018, June 20-21, 2018 Messe M{\"u}nchen, Entrance East, Munich, Germany}, publisher = {VDE Verlag}, address = {Berlin [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-3-8007-4699-6}, pages = {408 -- 413}, abstract = {This work describes three technical improvements to the handling assistant, a collaborative robot for handling and commissioning, concerning the depth of information the robot can extract from the teaching process. The teaching process involves an unskilled worker setting up the robots movements and actions through hand guiding to instruct the robot to perform a given task. The possibilities of improvements in picking, placement and path demonstrated are identified and solutions for the same are presented. The task of picking of the part is improved through the use of null space motion of the robot and exploiting part symmetry. The task of placement of parts is improved through the use of data collected during the demonstration. Finally the path of the robot is optimized using regression with a cost function targeted minimizing the time required for path movement. The developed methods are implemented and validated on a test case using a handling assistant which has a KUKA iiwa robot and collaborative gripper.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AndulkarHodappReichlingetal., author = {Andulkar, Mayur and Hodapp, Jan and Reichling, Thorsten and Reichenbach, Matthias and Berger, Ulrich}, title = {Training CNNs from Synthetic Data for Part Handling in Industrial Environments}, series = {IEEE 14th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), Munich, Germany, August 20-24, 2018}, booktitle = {IEEE 14th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), Munich, Germany, August 20-24, 2018}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-5386-3593-3}, doi = {10.1109/COASE.2018.8560470}, pages = {624 -- 629}, abstract = {As Convolutional Neural Network based models become reliable and efficient, two questions arise in relation to their applications for industrial purposes. The usefulness of these models in industrial environments and their implementation in these settings. This paper describes the autonomous generation of Region based CNN models trained on images from rendered CAD models and examines their applicability and performance for part handling application. The development of the automated synthetic data generation is detailed and two CNN models are trained with the aim to detect a car component and differentiate it against another similar looking part. The performance of these models is tested on real images and it was found that the proposed approach can be easily adopted for detecting a range of parts in arbitrary backgrounds. Moreover, the use of syntheic images for training CNNs automates the process of generating a detector.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchiemannHodappBerger, author = {Schiemann, Markus and Hodapp, Jan and Berger, Ulrich}, title = {Collaboration-Gap: A bus-modular architecture for human-robot-collaboration systems in production environments}, series = {International Symposium on Robotics, ISR 2018, June 20-21, 2018 Messe M{\"u}nchen, Entrance East, Munich, Germany}, booktitle = {International Symposium on Robotics, ISR 2018, June 20-21, 2018 Messe M{\"u}nchen, Entrance East, Munich, Germany}, publisher = {VDE Verlag}, address = {Berlin [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-3-8007-4699-6}, pages = {450 -- 454}, abstract = {Due to the extensive changes along with Industry 4.0 many established barriers drop. One of those barriers which increasingly disappears separates the workspace between human beings and robots and thus prevents a versatile collaborating environment. This change has led to the development of a wide field of research focusing on the prevention of human-robot impacts and/or the minimization of related risks. This paper is focused on safety regulations introduced as a consequence of those developments over the last ten years and particularly on an approach for demonstrating the unintended gap arising between human and robot due to those regulations. Modularity and integrability as two of the key characteristics in the concept of Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS), serve as the comparative parameters.}, language = {en} } @misc{GebauerBusseLehmannetal., author = {Gebauer, Marc and Busse, Martin and Lehmann, Marlon Antonin and Winkler, Herwig and Berger, Ulrich}, title = {Lebenszyklusorientierte Betrachtung von technologiebasierten Gesch{\"a}ftsmodellinnovationen am Beispiel einer industriellen W{\"a}scherei}, series = {20. Forschungskolloquium am Fraunhofer IFF INDUSTRIE 4.0 - (R)EVOLUTION DER PRODUKTION}, journal = {20. Forschungskolloquium am Fraunhofer IFF INDUSTRIE 4.0 - (R)EVOLUTION DER PRODUKTION}, editor = {Schenk, Michael}, pages = {17 -- 26}, language = {de} } @misc{SchiemannBergerHodappetal., author = {Schiemann, Markus and Berger, Ulrich and Hodapp, Jan and Z{\"u}rn, Michael}, title = {Roboskin: Increased Robot Working Speed Within Human-Robot-Collaboration Safety Regulations}, series = {Conference Proceedings (IEEE Xplore)}, journal = {Conference Proceedings (IEEE Xplore)}, isbn = {978-1-7281-3325-6}, issn = {2251-2446}, doi = {10.1109/ICCAR.2019.8813448}, pages = {7}, language = {en} } @misc{SchiemannBergerZuernetal., author = {Schiemann, Markus and Berger, Ulrich and Z{\"u}rn, Michael and Reichenbach, Matthias}, title = {Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration im Spannungsfeld von Rekonfigurierbarkeit, Sicherheit und Effizienz}, series = {20. Leitkongress der Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik ; AUTOMATION 2019}, journal = {20. Leitkongress der Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik ; AUTOMATION 2019}, publisher = {VDI}, address = {Baden-Banden}, isbn = {978-3-18-092351-2}, pages = {5 -- 14}, language = {de} } @misc{SchiemannBerger, author = {Schiemann, Markus and Berger, Ulrich}, title = {Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration in einem vernetzten Produktionsumfeld, SmartSafety: Ein beschleunigter Inbetriebnahmeprozess}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb : ZWF}, volume = {114}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb : ZWF}, number = {6}, issn = {2511-0896}, doi = {10.3139/104.112108}, pages = {364 -- 366}, language = {de} } @misc{TangourGebauerFischeretal., author = {Tangour, Cyrine and Gebauer, Marc and Fischer, Luise and Winkler, Herwig}, title = {Digital Business Model Patterns of Big Pharmaceutical Companies - A Cluster Analysis}, series = {DIGITAL ECONOMY. Emerging Technologies and Business Innovation 4th International Conference, ICDEc 2019 Beirut, Lebanon, April 15-18, 2019 Proceedings}, journal = {DIGITAL ECONOMY. Emerging Technologies and Business Innovation 4th International Conference, ICDEc 2019 Beirut, Lebanon, April 15-18, 2019 Proceedings}, publisher = {Springer}, isbn = {978-3-030-30874-2}, pages = {397 -- 412}, language = {en} } @misc{KilimisZouLehmannetal., author = {Kilimis, Panagiotis and Zou, Wenchao and Lehmann, Marlon Antonin and Berger, Ulrich}, title = {A Survey on Digitalization for SMEs in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {9th IFAC Conference on Manufacturing Modelling, Management and Control MIM 2019: Berlin, Germany, 28-30 August 2019}, volume = {52}, journal = {9th IFAC Conference on Manufacturing Modelling, Management and Control MIM 2019: Berlin, Germany, 28-30 August 2019}, number = {13}, issn = {2405-8963}, doi = {10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.522}, pages = {2145}, abstract = {Digitalization is widely accepted as a principal technological strategy and is expected to vastly impact and transform industry, predominantly by a substantial improvement of the entire value chain. However, its implementation process remains slow, in particular for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), as they tend to have misconceptions about the complexity and expense of digitalization. The purpose of this research is to analyze factors that affect Brandenburg-State, DEU SMEs in their decision making process for an effective implementation of digital technologies in their daily business routine. The results of this study are based on a survey that was conducted in cooperation with fifty SMEs, which currently face problems in the areas of enterprise resource planning (ERP), CAD/CAM, automation, logistics and production/factory planning. Ten of these SMEs have decided to invest in digitalization measures and started the implementation process. Three of them were chosen for the case study to evaluate potential benefits, trade-offs and barriers hampering the implementation of digitalization technologies. These three companies are considered representative items, since their needs and measures investigated were identical to most of the companies of this survey. It was found that the overwhelming majority of the companies regard ERP implementation as their highest priority when investing in the most cost-effective technology.}, language = {en} } @misc{HodappSchiemannBilousetal., author = {Hodapp, Jan and Schiemann, Markus and Bilous, Vadym and Arcidiacono, Claudio Salvatore and Reichenbach, Matthias}, title = {Advances in Automated Generation of Convolutional Neural Networks from Synthetic Data in Industrial Environment}, series = {53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences: Maui, Hawaii, United States of America, Jan 07 - 10, 2020}, journal = {53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences: Maui, Hawaii, United States of America, Jan 07 - 10, 2020}, isbn = {978-0-9981331-3-3}, doi = {10.24251/HICSS.2020.565}, pages = {7}, abstract = {The usage of convolutional neural networks has revolutionized data processing and its application in the industry during the last few years. Especially detection in images, a historically hard task to automate is now available on every smart phone. Nonetheless, this technology has not yet spread in the industry of car production, where lots of visual tests and quality checks are still performed manually. Even though the vision capabilities convolutional neural networks can give machines are already respectable, they still need well prepared training data that is costly and time-consuming to produce. This paper describes our effort to test and improve a system to automatically synthesize training images. This existing system renders computer aided design models into scenes and out of that produces realistic images and corresponding labels. Two new models, Single Shot Detector and RetinaNet are retrained under the use of distractors and then tested against each other. The better performing RetinaNet is then tested for performance under training with a variety of datasets from different domains in order to observe the models strength and weakness under domain shifts. These domains are real photographs, rendered models and images of objects cut and pasted into different backgrounds. The results show that the model trained with a mixture of all domains performs best.}, language = {en} } @misc{ReheSchneiderThimm, author = {Rehe, Grit and Schneider, Robert and Thimm, Denny}, title = {Transformation towards Human Workforce 4.0 through the Qualification Model LTA-FIT}, series = {53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences: Maui, Hawaii, United States of America}, journal = {53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences: Maui, Hawaii, United States of America}, isbn = {978-0-9981331-3-3}, doi = {10.24251/HICSS.2020.563}, pages = {10}, abstract = {Even though digitization is a topic of high interest and promises remarkable benefits for the German manufacturing industry, it is still in its development phase. Thus, necessities arising from it are not predictable, yet. A great obstacle that will occur is the appropriate qualification of employees at all levels, sectors and firm sizes. The integration of new technologies will have radical impact on the role and job profile of all staff members as they alter the requirements across the whole value chain and lead to new processes. Latest studies showed that an insufficient qualification of employees is one of the greatest challenges for a successful digitization. Thus, to regain a globally leading position in the manufacturing industry German companies, especially small and medium sized enterprises (SME), need to qualify their employees appropriately. The LTA-FIT model is an approach that aims to face these challenges.}, language = {en} } @misc{SpanoudakisJonenWedemeyer, author = {Spanoudakis, Konstantinos and Jonen, Fabian and Wedemeyer, Carsten}, title = {Creation of an Experimental Engineering Toolbox for the Digital Transformation of Manual Jet Engine Assembly}, series = {53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences: Maui, Hawaii, United States of America}, journal = {53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences: Maui, Hawaii, United States of America}, isbn = {978-0-9981331-3-3}, doi = {10.24251/HICSS.2020.564}, pages = {9}, abstract = {The fast and safe motion of goods and people is one of the foundations of the modern world. Jet aircraft is the fastest transport at the moment along with high-speed trains. Accordingly, both production and maintenance of aircrafts are an important task of our modern industrial environment as well. Modern aircraft engines require appropriate care and understanding of design and manufacturing. This is even more important, as the production of aerospace engines remains a manual process in many cases with limited data sources. Thus, quality control will need to take into account verification of manufacturing and assembly steps through specific checks and controls whilst implementing additional data sources. Automation of tasks still is at a low level. In this article a review of the challenges with regard to controls, automation and process and technical understanding for aerospace engine production and repair is provided. As this requires the collaboration of many teams and partners, an improvement and step change towards deeper understanding and process efficiency is required. As many operations remain manual, innovations for how humans interact with the technology and collaborate with an industrial environment are needed. The project in this article demonstrates the creation and usage of the proposed solutions for collaboration, troubleshooting and error correction.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Gebauer, author = {Gebauer, Marc}, title = {Konzeptionelle {\"U}berlegungen zu einem lebenszyklusorientierten Gesch{\"a}ftsmodellmanagement am Beispiel der ostdeutschen Textilwirtschaft}, publisher = {Logos}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8325-5148-3}, pages = {XIX, 307}, language = {de} } @techreport{SchmittBorckHentscheletal., author = {Schmitt, Randolf and Borck, Christian and Hentschel, Christian and Berger, Ulrich}, title = {Lightweight digital shadow concept for batch size one products and modular shopfloors}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-5220}, pages = {4}, abstract = {The Digital Twin is seen as the step towards digitalization in many areas, including the area of manufacturing which is the focus of this paper. However, the frequently application-oriented development of concepts and initial implementations make it difficult to adapt them to other applications. Especially when production deviates from the usual highly automated processes and requires high flexibility, e.g. to allow batch size one. In such a case, the Digital Twin must support modular shopfloors with flexible areas in which different production times and various tools and machines are used. It should also be possible to react promptly to problems in production. Design errors that only become apparent during production must be reported directly. In order to deal with this problem, the paper presents a concept for an abstract representation of a Digital Shadow (DS). The DS combines the disciplines of production planning and control, product lifecycle and layout planning which creates new links and enables further application scenarios. Based on this Digital Shadow, different applications can be realized that provide user-related solutions. For this purpose, a tree structure is used that links information about the product and the production environment which in this case is variable.}, language = {en} } @misc{GebauerTangourZeitschel, author = {Gebauer, Marc and Tangour, Cyrine and Zeitschel, Diana}, title = {Digital Business Model Innovation in SMEs - Case Studies with DIH Support from Brandenburg (Germany)}, series = {Digital Economy. Emerging Technologies and Business Innovation : 5th International Conference on Digital Economy, ICDEc 2020, Bucharest, Romania, June 11-13, 2020, Proceedings}, journal = {Digital Economy. Emerging Technologies and Business Innovation : 5th International Conference on Digital Economy, ICDEc 2020, Bucharest, Romania, June 11-13, 2020, Proceedings}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-64642-4}, issn = {1865-1348}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-64642-4_13}, pages = {155 -- 165}, language = {en} } @misc{BorckSchmittBergeretal., author = {Borck, Christian and Schmitt, Randolf and Berger, Ulrich and Hentschel, Christian}, title = {Development of a IIoT Platform for Industrial Imaging Sensors}, series = {Towards Sustainable Customization: Bridging Smart Products and Manufacturing Systems. Proceedings of the 8th Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production Conference (CARV2021) and the 10th World Mass Customization \& Personalization Conference (MCPC2021), Aalborg, Denmark, October/November 2021}, journal = {Towards Sustainable Customization: Bridging Smart Products and Manufacturing Systems. Proceedings of the 8th Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production Conference (CARV2021) and the 10th World Mass Customization \& Personalization Conference (MCPC2021), Aalborg, Denmark, October/November 2021}, editor = {Andersen, Ann-Louise and Andersen, Rasmus and Brunoe, Thomas Ditlev and Stoettrup Schioenning Larsen, Maria and Nielsen, Kjeld and Napoleone, Alessia and Kjeldgaard, Stefan}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-90699-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-90700-6_37}, pages = {330 -- 338}, abstract = {In the industry, connecting machines and tools - also known as the industrial Internet of things (IIoT) - is an essential part of the digital transformation of a company. The aim is to increase the efficiency and predictability of complex processes. In manual and semi-automatic processes, imaging sensors can help to monitor conditions, gives automated feedbacks to a central system, and e.g. provide current information for a digital twin. However, when imaging sensors are integrated into established IIoT platforms, they quickly reach their system limits due to the multidimensionality and high update and data rates. This paper presents a software platform that enables decoupled automated image processing through the abstraction and contextualization of the sensor technology and its data as well as a plugin architecture. Analogous to edge computing, partial processing can already be performed close to the sensor node to condensate data and reduce network loads and latencies. Thereby, all these approaches increase the longevity, flexibility and scalability of multi-sensor systems and associated processing algorithms. Based on the generic structure of the sensor network, the user is provided with an intuitive user interface that is based on IIoT platforms and enables the integration of their processing pipelines even for non-experts, despite the high complexity of the data.}, language = {en} } @misc{ReheGebauer, author = {Rehe, Grit and Gebauer, Marc}, title = {State of the Art of European Learning Factories for the Digital Transformation - A Survey on Technologies, Learning Concepts and Their Performance}, series = {Towards Sustainable Customization: Bridging Smart Products and Manufacturing Systems. Proceedings of the 8th Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production Conference (CARV2021) and the 10th World Mass Customization \& Personalization Conference (MCPC2021), Aalborg, Denmark, October/November 2021}, journal = {Towards Sustainable Customization: Bridging Smart Products and Manufacturing Systems. Proceedings of the 8th Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production Conference (CARV2021) and the 10th World Mass Customization \& Personalization Conference (MCPC2021), Aalborg, Denmark, October/November 2021}, editor = {Andersen, Ann-Louise and Andersen, Rasmus and Brunoe, Thomas Ditlev and Stoettrup Schioenning Larsen, Maria and Nielsen, Kjeld and Napoleone, Alessia and Kjeldgaard, Stefan}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-90699-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-90700-6_102}, pages = {895 -- 902}, abstract = {Learning factories constitute a promising approach for the acquisition of specific competencies, especially in terms of a digital transformation of the economy. Respectively, a variety of such factories differing in technology, learning concept, and potential audience have evolved. A precise and recent overview of those does not exist. However, such an overview is required for the implementation of concrete political measures, a future-oriented development of the individual learning factories, and an adequate selection by the audience. For this purpose, the authors investigate the current state of the art of European learning factories in the context of digitization. Thus, the terminology and definition of learning factories are provided. Moreover, using a structured literature review, the factories and their operation mode are outlined. Subsequently, the authors evaluate whether the different factories can build the required competencies among the audience and thus, support a successful digital transformation. Additionally, expert interviews with learning factory operators are performed to obtain profound information on the performance of learning factories. The findings help to assess the pertinency of European learning factories and provide a trace for their future development.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BilousStaedterGebaueretal., author = {Bilous, Vadym and St{\"a}dter, Philipp and Gebauer, Marc and Berger, Ulrich}, title = {Usage of Augmented Reality for Improved Human-Machine Interaction and Real-Time Error Correction of Laboratory Units}, series = {Annals of Scientific Society for Assembly, Handling and Industrial Robotics 2021}, booktitle = {Annals of Scientific Society for Assembly, Handling and Industrial Robotics 2021}, editor = {Sch{\"u}ppstuhl, Thorsten and Tracht, Kirsten and Raatz, Annika}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-74031-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-74032-0_22}, pages = {263 -- 274}, language = {en} } @misc{LehmannPorschMai, author = {Lehmann, Marlon Antonin and Porsch, Ronny and Mai, Christopher}, title = {Assembly Process Digitization Through Self-learning Assistance Systems in Production}, series = {Towards Sustainable Customization: Bridging Smart Products and Manufacturing Systems : Proceedings of the 8th Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production Conference (CARV2021) and the 10th World Mass Customization \& Personalization Conference (MCPC2021), Aalborg, Denmark, October/November 2021}, journal = {Towards Sustainable Customization: Bridging Smart Products and Manufacturing Systems : Proceedings of the 8th Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production Conference (CARV2021) and the 10th World Mass Customization \& Personalization Conference (MCPC2021), Aalborg, Denmark, October/November 2021}, editor = {Andersen, Ann-Louise and Andersen, Rasmus and Brunoe, Thomas Ditlev and Stoettrup Schioenning Larsen, Maria and Nielsen, Kjeld and Napoleone, Alessia and Kjeldgaard, Stefan}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, isbn = {978-3-030-90699-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-90700-6_24}, pages = {216 -- 223}, abstract = {Abstract. As product specifications change, manufacturing processes have to adapt. In manual production tasks, the human worker is forced to adapt at the same pace. Fast-changing work tasks lead to high stress and therefore increase failures. Digital assistance systems aim to support the human workforce by providing assembly instructions at the right time and in the right place to reduce the cognitive load. The latest digital assistance systems provide multimodal humanmachine interfaces, such as augmented reality, haptic feedback, and voice control to provide information or react to the user's input.However, those digital assistance systems require the manufacturing information themselves, which are mostly provided through text-based or graphical programming. Both manufacturing experts and programmers are needed to create a digital assistance system workflow or adapt it to changes. This process is costly, time-consuming, and inflexible. This work presents a gesture recognition based approach for a self-learning digital assistance system. Therefore, assembly gestures are classified based on anatomical grip descriptions. Assembly sequences are recognized and learned by the digital assistance system using machine learning techniques. The learned procedures are used to automatically generate work instructions and guide the worker through the assembly task.}, language = {en} } @misc{BergerLehmannPorsch, author = {Berger, Ulrich and Lehmann, Marlon Antonin and Porsch, Ronny}, title = {Selbstlernende Assistenzsysteme f{\"u}r Industrieroboter}, series = {Industrie 4.0 Management}, volume = {37}, journal = {Industrie 4.0 Management}, number = {6}, issn = {2364-9208}, pages = {23 -- 26}, abstract = {Intelligente Assistenzsysteme unterst{\"u}tzen die Mitarbeiter in der Produktion und erh{\"o}hen die Effizienz durch das Einblenden von situationsbasierten Aufgabeninformationen. Im Projekt Advanced Robot Assistance Solution (ARAS) im Rahmen des Kuka Innovation Awards 2021 wurde eine Assistenztechnologie entwickelt, um automatisiert Roboterprogramme f{\"u}r Montageabl{\"a}ufe zu generieren. Durch innovative Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen werden Montageschritte per maschinellem Lernen erkannt und in ausf{\"u}hrbare Programme f{\"u}r Industrieroboter {\"u}bersetzt. Dadurch k{\"o}nnen roboterbasierte Montageprozesse innerhalb von Minuten auf neue Produkte angepasst werden, ohne dass die Mitarbeiter {\"u}ber Kenntnisse des Programmierens oder der Robotik verf{\"u}gen m{\"u}ssen. Ein Mitarbeiter muss den Montageprozess nur einmal vormachen. Das ARAS-System erm{\"o}glicht die kosten- und zeiteffiziente Integration und Adaption von Industrierobotern in der Montage f{\"u}r große und mittelst{\"a}ndische Unternehmen.}, language = {de} } @misc{SchouColliBergeretal., author = {Schou, Casper and Colli, Michele and Berger, Ulrich and Heidemann Lassen, Astrid and Madsen, Ole and M{\o}ller, Charles and Vejrum W{\ae}hrens, Brian}, title = {Deconstructing Industry 4.0: Defining the Smart Factory}, series = {Towards Sustainable Customization: Bridging Smart Products and Manufacturing Systems : Proceedings of the 8th Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production Conference (CARV2021) and the 10th World Mass Customization \& Personalization Conference (MCPC2021), Aalborg, Denmark, October/November 2021}, journal = {Towards Sustainable Customization: Bridging Smart Products and Manufacturing Systems : Proceedings of the 8th Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production Conference (CARV2021) and the 10th World Mass Customization \& Personalization Conference (MCPC2021), Aalborg, Denmark, October/November 2021}, editor = {Andersen, Ann-Louise and Andersen, Rasmus and Brunoe, Thomas Ditlev and Stoettrup Schioenning Larsen, Maria and Nielsen, Kjeld and Napoleone, Alessia and Kjeldgaard, Stefan}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-90699-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-90700-6_40}, pages = {356 -- 363}, abstract = {The advent of the industrial digital transformation and the related technologies of the Industry 4.0 agenda has uncovered new concepts and terminology in the manufacturing domain. Clear definitions represent a solid foundation for supporting the manufacturing research community in addressing this field consistently. This paper addresses this need focusing on the "smart factory". Starting from a review of the extant literature and integrating it with the outcome of a Delphi study, we propose a new definition of a "smart factory" and discuss its key characteristics. These are related to interconnectivity capabilities and adaptability to the surrounding environment in order to generate and appropriate value. Eventually, such characteristics are exemplified in an empirical context. The aim of this paper is to provide the research community with an updated definition of a smart factory taking both industrial and societal values into account. Furthermore, it may represent a reference for practitioners engaged in the digital transformation of their factories.}, language = {en} } @misc{MadsenBergerCavalierietal., author = {Madsen, Ole and Berger, Ulrich and Cavalieri, Sergio and Kr{\"u}ger, Volker}, title = {Introduction to the Minitrack on Transforming Traditional Production Systems into Smart Production Systems}, series = {Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2020 : Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}, journal = {Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2020 : Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}, isbn = {978-0-9981331-3-3}, issn = {1530-1605}, doi = {10.24251/HICSS.2020.560}, pages = {4579 -- 4580}, abstract = {This minitrack will address scientific and technical research on how traditional production systems are transformed into next generation smart production systems. It comprises a mix of presentations from leading industries (automotive and aircraft) as well as from well-known research institutions (Fraunhofer society, Germany) and universities (Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, University of Bergamo, Aalborg University). The minitrack will foster discussions concerning the strategies companies are adopting for managing such transformation, the need for new competences for sustaining it, the implementation of new digital technologies and their impact on the existing production systems.}, language = {en} } @misc{ColliMadsenBergeretal., author = {Colli, Michele and Madsen, Ole and Berger, Ulrich and M{\o}ller, Charles and Vejrum W{\ae}hrens, Brian and Bockholt, Markus}, title = {Contextualizing the outcome of a maturity assessment for Industry 4.0}, series = {16th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing INCOM 2018 : Bergamo, Italy, 11-13 June 2018}, volume = {51}, journal = {16th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing INCOM 2018 : Bergamo, Italy, 11-13 June 2018}, number = {11}, issn = {1474-6670}, doi = {10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.08.343}, pages = {1347 -- 1352}, abstract = {The transformation of the manufacturing sector towards Industry 4.0 is setting the scene for a major industrial change. Currently, the need for assisting companies in this transformation is covered by a number of maturity models that assess their digital maturity and provide indications accordingly. However, in order to provide operational recommendations to diverse companies, there is a need for making the assessment company-specific. To cope with this challenge, this paper provides an illustration of a new digital maturity assessment approach - 360 Digital Maturity Assessment - which is based on the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SarivanBaumannDiezAlvarezetal., author = {Sarivan, Ioan-Matei and Baumann, Stefan Andreas and D{\´i}ez {\´A}lvarez, Daniel and Euteneuer, Felix and Reichenbach, Matthias and Berger, Ulrich and Madsen, Ole and B{\o}gh, Simon}, title = {Deep Learning-Enabled Real Time In-Site Quality Inspection Based On Gesture Classification}, series = {Advances in Automotive Production Technology - Theory and Application; Stuttgart Conference on Automotive Production (SCAP2020)}, booktitle = {Advances in Automotive Production Technology - Theory and Application; Stuttgart Conference on Automotive Production (SCAP2020)}, editor = {Weißgraeber, Philipp and Heieck, Frieder and Ackermann, Clemens}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-662-62961-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-62962-8_26}, pages = {221 -- 229}, abstract = {In this paper we present a novel method for performing in site real time quality inspection (QI) and consequently, digitalization of manual processes performed by human workers. It complements and improves our previous work in this area, which makes use of telemetry gathered from a smartwatch to classify manual actions as successful or unsuccessful. This new methodology provides the worker with a real time capable, robust and more accurate quality inspector. This work enhances the existing system through the elimination of input from the user by making use of a BIOX bracelet that detects gestures. The signal processing and classification methods are simplified and optimised by using assembled neural networks thus merging together the data gathered from multiple signal sources. Consequently, the overall QI system is improved with around 70\%, thus furthering the necessary development needed to have a system ready to be used on a production environment.}, language = {en} } @misc{ColliBergerBockholtetal., author = {Colli, Michele and Berger, Ulrich and Bockholt, Markus and Madsen, Ole and M{\o}ller, Charles and Vejrum W{\ae}hrens, Brian}, title = {A maturity assessment approach for conceiving context-specific roadmaps in the Industry 4.0 era}, series = {Annual Reviews in Control}, volume = {Vol. 48}, journal = {Annual Reviews in Control}, issn = {1367-5788}, doi = {10.1016/j.arcontrol.2019.06.001}, pages = {165 -- 177}, abstract = {The digital transformation of the production sector is setting the scene for a major industrial change. The need for supporting companies in this transformation is currently covered by several maturity models, generally operationalized through standardized questionnaires, which provide, as an outcome, an assessment of the current maturity stage and a set of general improvement recommendations according to it. However, to provide companies with a more tangible support, there is a need for more individual approach. In order to deal with this need, this paper proposes, following a design science research framework, a novel approach based on Problem-Based Learning for structuring the assessment procedure as a dialectic process. This approach aims at facilitating the contextualization of the assessed company and, consequently, the identification of context-specific improvement recommendations. The proposed approach, supported by a maturity model used for framing information collected during the assessment process, is tested in three industrial cases. Although these have been assessed at the same maturity stage, different improvement recommendations have been proposed according to contextual factors such as strategic goals, core processes and key performance indicators.}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-29390, title = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs: A Methodological and Practical Approach Towards Digitalization in SMEs}, editor = {Madsen, Ole and Berger, Ulrich and M{\o}ller, Charles and Heidemann Lassen, Astrid and Vejrum W{\ae}hrens, Brian and Shou, Casper}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-15427-0}, pages = {XX, 440}, abstract = {This book explains and exemplifies how SMEs can embrace the Smart Production approach and technologies in order to gain a beneficiary outcome. The book describes the Smart Production vision for SMEs, as well as the method to get there. The concept behind the book is based on the long-term experience of the authors in researching and tackling problems of SMEs in the manufacturing sector. The book provides applied methods and obtained solutions in different branches and different sizes of SMEs, encompassing a broad survey of our markets and societies. The perspective is systemic/holistic and integrated including human, organizational, technological, and digital perspectives.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BorckSchmittBergeretal., author = {Borck, Christian and Schmitt, Randolf and Berger, Ulrich and Hentschel, Christian}, title = {IIoT and Smart Sensors in Human-Centered Manufacturing}, series = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs}, booktitle = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs}, publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland AG}, address = {Schweiz}, isbn = {978-3-031-15427-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-15428-7_18}, pages = {213 -- 224}, abstract = {Borck et al. evaluate the challenges and opportunities of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and smart sensors in human-centered manufacturing. Particularly in small and medium-sized manufacturing with fewer machines and smart tools, it is significantly more difficult to automate processes and get the required information from the shop floor. Therefore, they give proven recommendations for the use of sensors based on a set of frequently occurring tasks in assembly, maintenance and logistics to achieve the support of smart data models in the context of Industry 4.0. "IIoT and smart sensors in human-centered manufacturing" concludes with concrete sample scenarios and describe the challenges and one solution using smart sensors and data models.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SchmittBorck, author = {Schmitt, Randolf and Borck, Christian}, title = {Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)}, series = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs}, booktitle = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs}, publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland AG}, address = {Schweiz}, isbn = {978-3-031-15427-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-15428-7_25}, pages = {309 -- 314}, abstract = {Schmitt et al. provide a brief overview of the key technology for Industry 4.0, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). For this purpose, the paper first examines how this technology has developed, what its essential components are and what challenges still need to be overcome. The work particularly presents the specific requirements, challenges and opportunities for SMEs. "Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)" concludes with an example about the integration of IIoT in a model factory.}, language = {en} } @incollection{GebauerStoettrupSchioenningLarsenZeitschel, author = {Gebauer, Marc and Stoettrup Schioenning Larsen, Maria and Zeitschel, Diana}, title = {Challenges for SMEs on their Path to Smart Production}, series = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs}, booktitle = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-15427-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-15428-7_3}, pages = {29 -- 38}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZeitschelMuehleKilimis, author = {Zeitschel, Diana and M{\"u}hle, Bettina and Kilimis, Panagiotis}, title = {Digitalization and Automation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Challenges, Needs, and Solutions in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs : A Methodological and Practical Approach Towards Digitalization in SMEs}, booktitle = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs : A Methodological and Practical Approach Towards Digitalization in SMEs}, editor = {Madsen, Ole and Berger, Ulrich and M{\o}ller, Charles and Heidemann Lassen, Astrid and Vejrum W{\ae}hrens, Brian and Schou, Casper}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-15427-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-15428-7_11}, pages = {127 -- 137}, abstract = {Digitalization and automation represent both a major challenge and a long-term opportunity for SMEs to secure their business success. They often lack specialist knowledge and a sufficient financial scope and therefore need external support in meeting these challenges. This is of particular relevance and political interest as Brandenburgs economy is determined by SMEs. Knowledge and technology transfer between scientific institutions and companies is seen as a possible solution. However, different goals, approaches and expectations of researchers and companies inhibits or complicates a successful cooperation. Therefore, transfer intermediaries are needed as mediators.The book chapter uses the example of IMI Brandenburg to show how knowledge and technology transfer can be implemented by intermediaries and what key findings were obtained in the process. Furthermore, possible success factors for both the digitization of Brandenburg's SMEs and successful knowledge and technology transfer are discussed.The chapter addresses decision-makers in SMEs as well as research institutions and transfer intermediaries and is intended to raise awareness of the opportunities, challenges and solutions in the cooperation between science and industry.}, language = {en} } @misc{WalterGuentherPrelletal., author = {Walter, Elias Fabian and G{\"u}nther, Norman and Prell, Bastian and Wilbers, Simon and Reiter, Philipp and Reiff-Stephan, J{\"o}rg and Berger, Ulrich}, title = {Optimierung visueller Benutzeroberfl{\"a}chen zur Stressreduzierung}, series = {Tagungsband AALE 2023}, journal = {Tagungsband AALE 2023}, publisher = {Hochschule f{\"u}r Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur Leipzig}, address = {Luxemburg}, isbn = {978-3-910103-01-6}, doi = {10.33968/2023.13}, pages = {119 -- 129}, abstract = {Durch die Menschzentrierung in der Industrie 5.0 [1] sollten bestehende Ans{\"a}tze hinterfragt und gepr{\"u}ft werden [2]. Gerade der, durch die Digitalisierung hervorgerufene, Technostress sollte neben dem Fachkr{\"a}ftemangel einen zunehmenden Betrachtungsfaktor im Produktionsumfeld erhalten. Da trotz bisheriger Maßnahmen eine stetige Zunahme von Stress zu verzeichnen ist [3]. Auff{\"a}llig sind dabei die Arbeitsunf{\"a}higkeits-Fehltage, welche im letzten Jahr um weitere 6 \% bzw. um 18,2 Fehltagegestiegen sind. Womit durchschnittlich jede Erwerbsperson 3,17 Tage unter der Diagnose „psychische St{\"o}rung" krankgeschrieben wurde [4]. Um diesen Trend entgegenzuwirken, betrachtet der Beitrag die M{\"o}glichkeiten der Software-Ergonomie, womit die Gestaltung von HMIs (Mensch-Maschinen-Interfaces) den Menschen gezielter ber{\"u}cksichtigt um etwaige Belastungen zu reduzieren [5]. Im Rahmen der komplement{\"a}ren Industrie 4.0 und der einhergehenden Informationsflut, bestimmen immer komplexer werdende Schnittstellen und Bedienoberfl{\"a}chen einen Großteil des Arbeitsalltags. Diese erm{\"o}glichen den Anwenderinnen und Anwendern neben einem schnellen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber Maschinendaten, Prozessabl{\"a}ufe und Handlungsempfehlungen die M{\"o}glichkeit zur einfachen Bedienung der technischen Anlagen. Der hier vorgestellte Ansatz betrachtet am Beispiel einer Bestandsanlage, wo sich Potenziale in der Stressreduzierung im Bereich der visuellen Benutzerschnittstellen befinden und welche Auswirkungen eine Ver{\"a}nderung der Leitf{\"u}hrung erm{\"o}glicht. Hierf{\"u}r wurde eine mehrphasige Studie durchgef{\"u}hrt dessen Ergebnisse im Bereich des Eye-Trackings sowie anhand von Vitalwerten im vorliegenden Beitrag diskutiert werden.}, language = {de} } @misc{SchmittBorckBehmetal., author = {Schmitt, Randolf and Borck, Christian and Behm, Martin and B{\"o}hnke, Jacob}, title = {Approach of an asset combination based on RAMI4.0 for the digital transformation and operation of a Digital Twin}, series = {Procedia CIRP}, volume = {130}, journal = {Procedia CIRP}, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, issn = {2212-8271}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2024.10.155}, pages = {724 -- 729}, language = {en} } @article{BartschBorckBehmetal., author = {Bartsch, Devis and Borck, Christian and Behm, Martin and B{\"o}hnke, Jacob}, title = {Development of a Multi-layered Quality Assurance Framework for Manual Assembly Processes in the Aviation Industry}, series = {Procedia CIRP}, volume = {130}, journal = {Procedia CIRP}, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, issn = {2212-8271}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2024.10.232}, pages = {1227 -- 1233}, language = {en} } @misc{BaierVoekler, author = {Baier, Daniel and V{\"o}kler, Sascha}, title = {One-stage product-line design heuristics: an empirical comparison}, series = {OR Spectrum}, volume = {46}, journal = {OR Spectrum}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, issn = {0171-6468}, doi = {10.1007/s00291-023-00716-0}, pages = {73 -- 107}, abstract = {Selecting or adjusting attribute-levels (e.g. components, equipments, flavors, ingredients, prices, tastes) for multiple new and/or status quo products is an important task for a focal firm in a dynamic market. Usually, the goal is to maximize expected overall buyers' welfare based on consumers' partworths or expected revenue, market share, and profit under given assumptions. However, in general, these so-called product-line design problems cannot be solved exactly in acceptable computing time. Therefore, heuristics have been proposed: Two-stage heuristics select promising candidates for single products and evaluate sets of them as product-lines. One-stage heuristics directly search for multiple attribute-level combinations. In this paper, Ant Colony Optimization, Genetic Algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization, Simulated Annealing and, firstly, Cluster-based Genetic Algorithm and Max-Min Ant Systems are applied to 78 small- to large-size product-line design problem instances. In contrast to former comparisons, data is generated according to a large sample of commercial conjoint analysis applications ( n = 2,089). The results are promising: The firstly applied heuristics outperform the established ones.}, language = {en} } @incollection{MollerMadsenBergeretal., author = {M{\o}ller, Charles and Madsen, Ole and Berger, Ulrich and Shou, Casper and Heidemann Lassen, Astrid and Vejrum W{\ae}hrens, Brian}, title = {The Smart Production Vision}, series = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs: A Methodological and Practical Approach Towards Digitalization in SMEs}, booktitle = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs: A Methodological and Practical Approach Towards Digitalization in SMEs}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-15428-7}, pages = {13 -- 28}, abstract = {In this chapter, the Smart Production vision is discussed. The Smart Production approach is developed and described, and Smart Production is positioned in relation to Industry 4.0. Smart Production operationalize the journey towards Industry 4.0 and beyond. First, the need for a new approach to manufacturing is discussed, and from the perspectives of Industry 4.0, the Smart Production concept is derived. Then the framework is explored and finally, the approach is outlined. The Smart Production vision is an approach to make an integrated production system smarter by continuous digitizing, automating, and organizing towards supporting the company specific missions.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BergerMadsen, author = {Berger, Ulrich and Madsen, Ole}, title = {Introduction to Part 2 - Transformation of SMEs Toards Smart Production}, series = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs: A Methodological and Practical Approach Towards Digitalization in SMEs}, booktitle = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs: A Methodological and Practical Approach Towards Digitalization in SMEs}, editor = {Madsen, Ole and Berger, Ulrich and M{\o}ller, Charles and Heidemann Lassen, Astrid and Vejrum W{\ae}hrens, Brian}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-15428-7}, pages = {69 -- 75}, abstract = {This chapter will introduce the second part of the book. This part contains a collection of chapters aimed at supporting the SMEs in the transformation toward the Smart Production vision. In this part, different approaches are presented, which can assist SMEs in the formulation of a smart production vision and in the identification and prioritization of relevant initiatives, guiding the outline of a project roadmap. Furthermore, the part will introduce different regional innovation platforms in Denmark and Germany which support the SME transformations. Finally, it will be discussed how subscription-based methods could be used by SMEs to cut upfront investments and reduce requirements for digital competencies.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Lehmann, author = {Lehmann, Marlon Antonin}, title = {Intelligent Assistance Systems for Assembly Tasks}, series = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs: A Methodological and Practical Approach Towards Digitalization in SMEs}, booktitle = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs: A Methodological and Practical Approach Towards Digitalization in SMEs}, editor = {Madsen, Ole and Berger, Ulrich and M{\o}ller, Charles and Heidemann Lassen, Astrid and Vejrum W{\ae}hrens, Brian and Shou, Casper}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-15427-0}, pages = {203 -- 211}, abstract = {Intelligent Assistance Systems are a key technology for solving the problem of today's quickly changing product configurations and the corresponding production requirements focusing on human needs. A recent study among industrial German companies identifies higher productivity, process control, quality, and cost-effectiveness as the main potentials of assistance technologies by reducing the worker's cognitive load. Choosing the right combination of assistance technologies such as augmented reality, virtual reality, machine learning, and their functionalities like learning capabilities, situation awareness, and assembly activity recognition remain essential for their success. This chapter presents an assistance systems overview, focusing on assistance technologies, for application at production sites. Furthermore, an example of a gesture recognition-based assistance system is given, showing the benefits arising from today's advanced assistance technologies.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BilousPorschSpanoudakis, author = {Bilous, Vadym and Porsch, Ronny and Spanoudakis, Konstantinos}, title = {Augmented Reality: Increasing Availability and Its Implication for SMEs}, series = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs: A Methodological and Practical Approach Towards Digitalization in SMEs}, booktitle = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs: A Methodological and Practical Approach Towards Digitalization in SMEs}, editor = {Madsen, Ole and Berger, Ulrich and M{\o}ller, Charles and Heidemann Lassen, Astrid and Vejrum W{\ae}hrens, Brian and Shou, Casper}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-15427-0}, pages = {349 -- 356}, abstract = {The Augmented reality (AR) technologies have been first discovered in the third quarter of the twentieth century. However, the wider development of them has taken place only in the last two decades. By now, the research has shown that AR can be used in various areas of human activity. In industry, AR simplifies humanmachine communication and improves human-machine interfaces (HMI) for fast and feedback-provided retrieval of training/guidance information for operation pattern study, error correction, machine maintenance, assembly assistance, etc. In spite of that, the broad practical implementation of AR in industry, including small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), has faced considerable problems. As a result, the following controversy emerged: the comprehensive study of AR is combined with a rather narrow practical use primarily for advertising and demonstration tasks. This chapter attempts not only to overview the current state of AR in the industry, but also demonstrate the current challenges the AR is facing, as well as to analyse their respective causes and suggest solution ideas. It is also intended to assess the prospects for further development of AR and its continued integration into the industry. For this purpose, several examples of AR projects, their development, practical use and upgrading (performed by the authors of this study as well) are presented.}, language = {en} } @incollection{ReheVoeklerSchneider, author = {Rehe, Grit and V{\"o}kler, Sascha and Schneider, Robert}, title = {Qualification in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises as the Key Driver for a Digitalized Economy}, series = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs: A Methodological and Practical Approach Towards Digitalization in SMEs}, booktitle = {The Future of Smart Production for SMEs: A Methodological and Practical Approach Towards Digitalization in SMEs}, editor = {Madsen, Ole and Berger, Ulrich and M{\o}ller, Charles and Heidemann Lassen, Astrid and Vejrum W{\ae}hrens, Brian and Shou, Casper}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-15427-0}, pages = {405 -- 419}, abstract = {Transformation processes towards a smart production reshape the way we work. Digitalization and the application of new technologies lead to additional interfaces between man and machine and thus, result in a tremendous change of employment, work environment and workforce qualification. This in turn means, to take full advantage of digitalization employees at all levels and sectors have to be evolved in the transformation process and need to be skilled for the upcoming challenges. To meet this need for qualification and to sensitize especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to the matter of digitalization, the Competence Center Cottbus was founded. Through a four-step approach, the Center addresses SMEs at all digitalization levels, from beginners to innovators. The central instrument for the Centers' work is the self-developed LTA-FIT qualification concept. This concept is designed to impart the required knowledge and competences in accordance with the distinct qualification level of SMEs and their employees.}, language = {en} } @misc{GebauerTangour, author = {Gebauer, Marc and Tangour, Cyrine}, title = {Resilience to Pandemics through Flexibility in Sourcing, in Order Fulfillment and in Production Capacity of the Automotive Supply Chain}, series = {Advances in Automotive Production Technology - Towards Software-Defined Manufacturing and Resilient Supply Chains}, journal = {Advances in Automotive Production Technology - Towards Software-Defined Manufacturing and Resilient Supply Chains}, publisher = {Springer Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-27932-4}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-27933-1_34}, language = {en} } @incollection{PorschLehmann, author = {Porsch, Ronny and Lehmann, Marlon Antonin}, title = {Evaluation of Marker-Based AR-Tracking with Vuforia in the Context of Rail Vehicle Maintenance}, series = {Advances in Information and Communication - Proceedings of the 2023 Future of Information and Communication Conference (FICC)}, booktitle = {Advances in Information and Communication - Proceedings of the 2023 Future of Information and Communication Conference (FICC)}, publisher = {Springer, Cham}, address = {San Francisco, CA, USA}, isbn = {978-3-031-28076-4}, issn = {2367-3370}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-28076-4_7}, pages = {65 -- 71}, abstract = {Maintenance and repair jobs present a multitude of challenges. Digital assistance systems (DAS) can be used to support workers in tackling these challenges. One way of achieving this is by using a tablet with AR-technology to display necessary information seemingly in the real world. In order to place information at the correct positions, the DAS needs to know exactly where it is currently located. Multiple approaches are available to achieve this. One of those approaches is to use a marker which is placed somewhere in the real world as an anchor point for the system. In the context of rail vehicle maintenance, the workspace is inherently large with rail wagons having lengths of more than 10 m. This means that a marker that is placed somewhere on the wagon will not always be in the field of view of the DAS's camera, resulting in a possible reduction of the precision with which virtual objects can be displayed. This paper examines the viability of the marker-based approach under realistic circumstances. It was found that with a distance of multiple meters between marker and a spot that is to be highlighted, the precision will decrease significantly.}, language = {en} } @misc{AssafoStaedterMeiseletal., author = {Assafo, Maryam and St{\"a}dter, Jost Philipp and Meisel, Tenia and Langend{\"o}rfer, Peter}, title = {On the Stability and Homogeneous Ensemble of Feature Selection for Predictive Maintenance: A Classification Application for Tool Condition Monitoring in Milling}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {23}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {9}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {10.3390/s23094461}, abstract = {Feature selection (FS) represents an essential step for many machine learning-based predictive maintenance (PdM) applications, including various industrial processes, components, and monitoring tasks. The selected features not only serve as inputs to the learning models but also can influence further decisions and analysis, e.g., sensor selection and understandability of the PdM system. Hence, before deploying the PdM system, it is crucial to examine the reproducibility and robustness of the selected features under variations in the input data. This is particularly critical for real-world datasets with a low sample-to-dimension ratio (SDR). However, to the best of our knowledge, stability of the FS methods under data variations has not been considered yet in the field of PdM. This paper addresses this issue with an application to tool condition monitoring in milling, where classifiers based on support vector machines and random forest were employed. We used a five-fold cross-validation to evaluate three popular filter-based FS methods, namely Fisher score, minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR), and ReliefF, in terms of both stability and macro-F1. Further, for each method, we investigated the impact of the homogeneous FS ensemble on both performance indicators. To gain broad insights, we used four (2:2) milling datasets obtained from our experiments and NASA's repository, which differ in the operating conditions, sensors, SDR, number of classes, etc. For each dataset, the study was conducted for two individual sensors and their fusion. Among the conclusions: (1) Different FS methods can yield comparable macro-F1 yet considerably different FS stability values. (2) Fisher score (single and/or ensemble) is superior in most of the cases. (3) mRMR's stability is overall the lowest, the most variable over different settings (e.g., sensor(s), subset cardinality), and the one that benefits the most from the ensemble.}, language = {en} } @misc{BilousSarachuk, author = {Bilous, Vadym and Sarachuk, Kirill}, title = {Are SMEs Ready for AI Embedded Mobile Robots?}, series = {Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies}, volume = {111 / 2023}, journal = {Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies}, publisher = {IHIET 2023}, doi = {10.54941/ahfe1004035}, pages = {285 -- 296}, abstract = {The introduction of both mobile robots (MR) and AI-embedded mobile robots (AIMR) into the industry is very slow compared to other types of industrial robots (IR) and automation systems. Many scientific articles and studies are focused on the programming and design of MR. At the same time, integration issues, topical problems and related obstacles are almost entirely absent from the scientific literature. The authors of this paper acknowledge that the complete analysis of this area is a very challenging task. Therefore, for the purposes of this study, we focus on the local problem of analysing the introduction of MR and AIMR in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The authors offer the analysis of the current challenges and trends in the introduction of mobile robots into SMEs. They also propose solutions to these problems based on their own as well as external experience in the design, programming and implementation of mobile robots.}, language = {en} }