@misc{DahashMieckOchsetal., author = {Dahash, Abdulrahman and Mieck, Sebastian and Ochs, Fabian and Krautz, Hans Joachim}, title = {A comparative study of two simulation tools for the technical feasibility in terms of modeling district heating systems: An optimization case study}, series = {Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory}, volume = {91}, journal = {Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory}, issn = {1569-190X}, doi = {10.1016/j.simpat.2018.11.008}, pages = {48 -- 68}, abstract = {District heating dynamic models arise as an alternative approach to in-situ experimental investigations. The main advantage of dynamic modeling and simulation is the possibility to avoid technical and operational risks that might occur during in-situ experimental investigations (e.g. heat demand is not met, damages in the energy systems etc.). Within this study, the authors present two models for an existing district heating system in Cottbus, Germany. One model is developed using the tool EBSILON Professional, while the other one is developed using the Simscape toolbox for physical modeling in Matlab/Simulink. The models were experimentally validated against measured data from the considered district heating system. The results show that the Simscape model has a better fit and better response than the EBSILON model. Yet, some discrepancies were found between the measured and the simulated data and, therefore, the uncertainties of the models were addressed. A comparative study between both tools is presented. The EBSILON models permit only unidirectional flow, whereas the Simscape toolbox permits reverse flow. Nevertheless, the EBSILON model outperforms the Simscape model in computation time. In addition, this study presents an approach for dynamic thermo-hydraulic modeling of district heating networks. This approach is utilized to examine the role of district heating networks as heat storage as an optimization configuration. The numerical results show less start-ups for additional heat sources. Yet, higher heat losses from the network are observed due to the installation of unburied pipelines.}, language = {en} } @misc{SakkasGillungThummaretal., author = {Sakkas, Nikolaos P. and Gillung, Frank and Thummar, Krunalkumar and Abang, Roger and R{\"o}ntzsch, Lars}, title = {Advanced pressurized alkaline water electrolysis at high temperatures up to 130 °C}, series = {International journal of hydrogen energy}, volume = {149}, journal = {International journal of hydrogen energy}, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0360-3199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150075}, pages = {1 -- 12}, abstract = {Operating alkaline water electrolysers above 100 °C improves electrolyte conductivity and reaction kinetics significantly. To examine alkaline water electrolysis in this area in more detail a high-temperature pressurized test rig is designed and constructed. Nickel (Ni) foam electrodes coated with Raney nickel (Raney Ni) or nickel manganese (NiMn) and expanded Ni mesh electrodes coated with nickel(II) oxide (NiO) are utilized and the effect of electrolyte flow rate, electrode structure, pressure and temperature variation on the cell performance at temperatures up to 130 °C and pressures up to 16 bar are investigated. At the maximum current density of 1.67 A/cm2, 110 °C and 16 bar the electrode combination of Raney Ni coated Ni foam as cathode and NiO coated expanded Ni mesh electrode as anode attain the best outcome with a cell voltage of 2.29 V. In a 70 h duration test three-dimensional (3D) Ni foam electrodes with Raney Ni cathode and NiMn anode catalyst show a moderate cell degradation of 9.26 μV/h.}, language = {en} } @misc{SharmaRoentzschShahi, author = {Sharma, Prerana and R{\"o}ntzsch, Lars and Shahi, Vinod K.}, title = {Advancements towards optimization of metal-organic framework-based polymer electrolyte membranes for aqueous redox flow batteries}, series = {Journal of materials chemistry : A, materials for energy and sustainability}, volume = {13}, journal = {Journal of materials chemistry : A, materials for energy and sustainability}, number = {17}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, address = {London}, issn = {2050-7488}, doi = {10.1039/D4TA08720H}, pages = {11952 -- 11988}, abstract = {Aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) are considered a potential technology for large-scale energy storage owing to their eco-friendliness, high current density, and tuneable capacity. Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) are vital components of ARFB, but they suffer from significant capacity/efficiency deterioration due to a lack of advancement in structural framing. To enhance the effectiveness of ARFBs, various membrane types have been optimized. However, the development of an efficient PEM remains a significant problem. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) made up of metal sites and organic linkers have gained significant scientific interest. As a result of their large surface area, adjustable pore diameters, and customized functionality, MOF-based PEMs are regarded as effective separators for ARFB. This review covers the state of the art MOF-based PEMs as ARFB separators. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to utilize the unique characteristics of MOFs as they not only improve the conductivity (attributed to their 3D channel structure) and gradient distribution in the polymer framework but also stabilize and mitigate active species cross-over by regulating the effective pore size. The aforementioned tactics can stimulate more research on energy storage technologies and provide future insight into the development and design of size-sieving separators for ARFB.}, language = {en} } @misc{ThummarAbangMenzeletal., author = {Thummar, Krunalkumar and Abang, Roger Atini and Menzel, Katharina and Groot, Matheus Theodorus de}, title = {Coupling a Chlor-Alkali Membrane Electrolyzer Cell to a Wind Energy Source: Dynamic Modeling and Simulations}, series = {Energies}, volume = {15}, journal = {Energies}, number = {2}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {10.3390/en15020606}, pages = {1 -- 26}, abstract = {Renewable energy sources are becoming a greater component of the electrical mix, while being significantly more volatile than conventional energy sources. As a result, net stability and availability pose significant challenges. Energy-intensive processes, such as chlor-alkali electrolysis, can potentially adjust their consumption to the available power, which is known as demand side management or demand response. In this study, a dynamic model of a chlor-alkali membrane cell is developed to assess the flexible potential of the membrane cell. Several improvements to previously published models were made, making the model more representative of state-of-the-art CA plants. By coupling the model with a wind power profile, the current and potential level over the course of a day was simulated. The simulation results show that the required ramp rates are within the regular operating possibilities of the plant for most of the time and that the electrolyte concentrations in the cell can be kept at the right level by varying inlet flows and concentrations. This means that a CA plant can indeed be flexibly operated in the future energy system.}, language = {en} } @misc{HoehneLechnerSchreiberetal., author = {H{\"o}hne, Olaf and Lechner, Stefan and Schreiber, Matthias and Krautz, Hans Joachim}, title = {Drying of Lignite in a Pressurized Steam Fluidized Bed - Theory and Experiments}, language = {en} } @misc{DanilaKunzRoentzsch, author = {Danila, Kevin and Kunz, Philip and R{\"o}ntzsch, Lars}, title = {Dynamic operation of low-temperature electrolyzer systems in modular large-scale chemical plants}, series = {Chemie - Ingenieur - Technik : CIT}, volume = {2025}, journal = {Chemie - Ingenieur - Technik : CIT}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH GmbH}, issn = {0009-286X}, doi = {10.1002/cite.202400140}, pages = {1 -- 11}, abstract = {As one of the main contributors to the greenhouse gas emissions worldwide, the reduction of emissions in chemical industry is indispensable. The production of hydrogen from renewable energy sources using water electrolysis can contribute to this goal. However, the dynamic character of renewable energy sources leads to major challenges regarding the dynamic operation of the production process. Here, a model of a modular low-temperature electrolyzer plant is presented. The effect of available time resolution of the source electricity as well as the impact of the integration time step is studied. With the presented model the positive effect of load-dependent operation of modular electrolyzer plants with fluctuating availability of source electricity on the total hydrogen output is demonstrated.}, language = {en} } @misc{AkayBashkatovCoyetal., author = {Akay, {\"O}mer and Bashkatov, Aleksandr and Coy, Emerson and Eckert, Kerstin and Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne and Friedrich, Andreas and Kimmel, Benjamin and Loos, Stefan and Mutschke, Gerd and R{\"o}ntzsch, Lars and Symes, Mark D. and Yang, Xuegeng and Brinkert, Katharina}, title = {Electrolysis in reduced gravitational environments: current research perspectives and future applications}, series = {npj Microgravity}, volume = {8}, journal = {npj Microgravity}, issn = {2373-8065}, doi = {10.1038/s41526-022-00239-y}, abstract = {Electrochemical energy conversion technologies play a crucial role in space missions, for example, in the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) on the International Space Station (ISS). They are also vitally important for future long-term space travel for oxygen, fuel and chemical production, where a re-supply of resources from Earth is not possible. Here, we provide an overview of currently existing electrolytic energy conversion technologies for space applications such as proton exchange membrane (PEM) and alkaline electrolyzer systems. We discuss the governing interfacial processes in these devices influenced by reduced gravitation and provide an outlook on future applications of electrolysis systems in, e.g., in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) technologies. A perspective of computational modelling to predict the impact of the reduced gravitational environment on governing electrochemical processes is also discussed and experimental suggestions to better understand efficiency-impacting processes such as gas bubble formation and detachment in reduced gravitational environments are outlined.}, language = {en} } @misc{FindeisenKlattKrautz, author = {Findeisen, Alexander and Klatt, Matthias and Krautz, Hans Joachim}, title = {Examination of the corrosion behaviour of selected power plant materials under various operating conditions}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2010.05.006}, language = {en} } @misc{AbangLiskKrautz, author = {Abang, Roger Atini and Lisk, Alexander and Krautz, Hans Joachim}, title = {Fireside corrosion of superheater materials under oxy-coal firing conditions}, series = {Energy Procedia}, volume = {40}, journal = {Energy Procedia}, issn = {1876-6102}, doi = {10.1016/j.egypro.2013.08.035}, pages = {304 -- 311}, abstract = {The present study investigates the fireside corrosion behavior of selected superheater materials, namely: T24, P92, VM12-SHC, A800HT, and 7RE10 under oxy-coal combustion atmospheres. Data on mass change, scale thickness, metal loss, surface morphology and micro-structural characteristics of corrosion products were obtained. The alloy specimens were analyzed by SEM-EDX, light microscopy and X-Ray diffraction techniques. The results after 2000 hours of exposure at a metal surface temperature of 600 °C indicate that metal wastage increased with decreasing Cr-content under oxy-coal conditions.}, language = {en} } @misc{KrautzCorreadaSilvaKangwanpongpan, author = {Krautz, Hans Joachim and Corr{\^e}a da Silva, Rodrigo and Kangwanpongpan, Tanin}, title = {Flame pattern, temperatures and stability limits of pulverized oxy-coal combustion}, series = {Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy}, journal = {Fuel : the science and technology of fuel and energy}, number = {Vol. 115}, issn = {0016-2361}, doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2013.07.049}, pages = {507 -- 520}, abstract = {The challenges in maintaining a stable oxy-coal flame have been reported in the open literature. In case of pulverized coal combustion, narrower flammable regimes arise not only of differences in the feed gas composition, but also due to changes in the flow dynamics because of reduced volume flow rate through the burners to match similar temperatures and radiative heat transfer within the furnace. The present work focuses on the study of flame structure and stability of pre-dried lignite fired by a staged feed-gas burner. Experimental runs were carried out in a 0.40 MWth laboratory facility, with the objective of investigating the effects of swirl strength and feed gas distribution in the burner registers. To assess the experimental data, a numerical study of the non-reacting flow in the near burner region is performed. Predicted flow pattern and flame images show that the primary fuel jet penetrates the internal recirculation zone, forming an annular doughnut reverse flow region for both firing conditions and resembling a type-1 flame pattern. Temperature measurements indicate that the feed gas distribution among the burner registers control the flame temperature in parallel with the swirl number in both air-fired and oxy-fired environments. The oxy-fuel cases exhibite markedly reduced temperatures on the flame axis. This difference in the core arises not just from the more pronounced penetration depth of the primary jet, but also due to reaction mechanisms including pyrolysis and gasification reactions at the higher concentrations of CO2 and water vapor. Flame stabilization is shown to be strongly dependent on an appropriate distribution of the feed gas and strength of swirling flow in the burner front. The results correlated in terms of swirl number, secondary/tertiary flow ratio and secondary/primary axial momentum point to similarities in the stability limits between air-firing and oxy-firing.}, language = {en} }