@incollection{Krawczynski, author = {Krawczynski, Ren{\´e}}, title = {Kadaver - Kapitel 6.3}, series = {Naturnahe Beweidung und Natura 2000}, booktitle = {Naturnahe Beweidung und Natura 2000}, publisher = {Heinz-Sielmann-Stiftung}, address = {Duderstadt}, isbn = {978-3-9815804-4-0}, pages = {215 -- 216}, language = {de} } @incollection{KrawczynskiWagner, author = {Krawczynski, Ren{\´e} and Wagner, Hans-Georg}, title = {St{\"o}rungs{\"o}kologie - Kapitel 3.3}, series = {Naturnahe Beweidung und Natura 2000}, booktitle = {Naturnahe Beweidung und Natura 2000}, publisher = {Heinz-Sielmann-Stiftung}, address = {Duderstadt}, isbn = {978-3-9815804-4-0}, pages = {40 -- 41}, language = {de} } @misc{KrawczynskiWagnerCrous, author = {Krawczynski, Ren{\´e} and Wagner, Hans-Georg and Crous, Pedro}, title = {Pleurophoma ossicola Crous, Krawczynski \& H.-G. Wagner, sp. nov}, series = {Persoonia}, journal = {Persoonia}, number = {35}, pages = {202 -- 203}, language = {en} } @misc{MilneBanwariNoellemeyeretal., author = {Milne, E. and Banwari, S. A. and Noellemeyer, E. and Krawczynski, Ren{\´e}}, title = {Soil carbon, multiple benefits}, series = {Environmental Development}, journal = {Environmental Development}, number = {13}, issn = {2211-4645}, pages = {33 -- 38}, language = {en} } @misc{HaelewatersVanpouckeRaesetal., author = {Haelewaters, Danny and Vanpoucke, Sofie and Raes, Dirk and Krawczynski, Ren{\´e}}, title = {On carrion-associated beetles in the Sonian Forest (Belgium): observations on five deer carcasses}, series = {Bulletin de la Soci{\´e}t{\´e} royale belge d'Entomologie}, journal = {Bulletin de la Soci{\´e}t{\´e} royale belge d'Entomologie}, number = {151}, pages = {37 -- 45}, abstract = {Carrion is an important element of temperate ecosystems, although far less studied than dead and decaying wood. In order to avoid competition, insects need to detect and colonize ephemeral resources like carrion quickly. The knowledge of this colonization is an important tool in forensic entomology. Hence, species identification is a most crucial factor. Among insects, most studies have concentrated on flies (Diptera), whereas beetles (Coleoptera) were neglected for a long time. Beetles, however, have forensic applications - they are part of the entomofaunal colonization of a carcass - and therefore recently more extensive research on forensic application of beetle data has been done. Beetle families with significance to forensic entomology are Silphidae, Staphylinidae, Histeridae, Trogidae, Dermestidae, Cleridae, Nitidulidae and Carabidae. This study documents the presence of beetles associated with decaying carcasses of deer in the Sonian Forest, Belgium. A total of 271 specimens of Coleoptera belonging to twenty-five species in six families was recorded. The number of species and specimens increased from the fresh stage to the bloated stage and active decay, to drop back down at the dry/remains stage. A discussion is given about some interesting collected species and families.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchlaghamerskyKrawczynski, author = {Schlaghamersk{\´y}, Jiri and Krawczynski, Ren{\´e}}, title = {Does carcass decomposition affect soil-dwelling enchytraeids?}, series = {Soil Organisms}, volume = {87}, journal = {Soil Organisms}, number = {2}, issn = {1864-6417}, pages = {91 -- 100}, abstract = {Carcass decomposition causes substantial changes in the humidity and chemistry of adjacent soil. Its potential effect on Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) has, hitherto, not been studied. This pilot study on the effect of a large vertebrate carcass on enchytraeids was conducted in temperate grassland with sandy soil close to Cottbus (Germany). Soil cores for enchytraeid extraction were taken in June 2013 along four transects of 2.5 m length from the original centre of the carcass. By that time the carcass, exposed in September 2012, had almost entirely decomposed. Soil had been sampled along the transects in February and May 2013 for measurement of chemical characteristics. Enchytraeids were extracted by the wet funnel method (without heating) and identified alive to species. In total, 715 individuals and 8 species were recorded (including Fridericia brunensis, a species known from very few sites). Abundance means had a high variance, and apparent differences were not statistically significant. However, total abundance showed a distinct trend of increase with increasing distance from the carcass site, mostly due to high abundance and dominance of Enchytronia parva. Positive correlation with distance from the carcass was significant for enchytraeids as a group, E. parva and Fridericia spp. Enchytraeids in total and all species or genera tested except Enchytraeus spp. (predominantly E. buchholzi s.l.) had a negative correlation with conductivity. The latter, although not abundant, showed a clear peak at 0.5 m and had a positive correlation with soil pH. Further significant correlations were found between species or genera and pH, phosphate and humus content. In difference to some springtails, enchytraeids at the study site seemed to avoid the vicinity of carcasses, possibly due to high conductivity, ammonium and phosphate ion concentrations and pH of the affected soil. E. buchholzi, an opportunistic, stress-tolerant r-strategist, might be an exception.}, language = {en} } @misc{KrawczynskiMeyer, author = {Krawczynski, Ren{\´e} and Meyer, Peter}, title = {Totholz und Kadaver in Wildnisgebieten}, series = {Natur und Landschaft}, volume = {90}, journal = {Natur und Landschaft}, number = {9/10}, issn = {0028-0615}, pages = {426 -- 429}, abstract = {Totholz und Tierkadaver stellen einen eigenen Lebensraum f{\"u}r teils hochgradig spezialisierte Arten und Lebensgemeinschaften dar. W{\"a}hrend der Lebensraum Totholz als so gut erforscht gilt, dass detaillierte Managementvorgaben zum Erhalt der Biodiversit{\"a}t gegeben werden k{\"o}nnen, sind große Tierkadaver mit ihren Lebensgemeinschaften noch weitgehend unbekannt. Bei beiden Ressourcen haben die St{\"a}rke des Totholzes bzw. die Gr{\"o}ße des Kadavers wie auch die Gr{\"o}ße von Stilllegungsfl{\"a}chen im Wald, in denen Totholz akkumulieren kann, erheblichen Einfluss auf die Lebensgemeinschaft. Obligat nekrophage Wirbeltiere sind in Deutschland ausgestorben und €fakultative Aasfresser nutzen Kadaver opportunistisch vor allem zu Zeiten erh{\"o}hten Nahrungsbedarfs oder bei Ausfall der regul{\"a}ren Nahrung. Unter den Insekten finden sich noch streng nekrophage Arten, aber selbst sonst phytophage Arten nutzen Kadaver opportunistisch.}, language = {de} } @misc{KlonowskiRoesslerGuetal., author = {Klonowski, Bastian and R{\"o}ssler, Annett and Gu, Xiaoying and Krawczynski, Ren{\´e} and Wiegleb, Gerhard}, title = {Influence of a badger carcass on soil chemistry and Collembola}, series = {Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae}, volume = {79}, journal = {Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae}, number = {3}, issn = {1211-376X}, pages = {235 -- 241}, abstract = {In June 2009 a badger carcass was exposed on the former Soviet military training area of Lieberose in Brandenburg, Germany. Two months later, soil samples were taken on the former carcass site by a cross-shaped sampling design including 61 samples. Parameters tested were pH, water content, organic matter content, NO3-, NH4+, PO43- and conductivity. During a second sampling campaign in June 2010, the same parameters were tested again as well as collembolans. One year after decomposition, NO3- and PO43- was still significantly increased, whereas NH4+, conductivity and water showed a significant increase only in the first sampling campaign. Organic matter content and pH showed no significant changes. 7,606 collembolan individuals belonging to 13 species were extracted. 94.6\% were.}, language = {en} } @misc{PuppeHoehnKaczoreketal., author = {Puppe, Daniel and H{\"o}hn, Axel and Kaczorek, Danuta and Wanner, Manfred and Sommer, Michael}, title = {As time goes by—Spatiotemporal changes of biogenic Si pools in initial}, series = {Applied Soil Ecology}, volume = {105}, journal = {Applied Soil Ecology}, issn = {0929-1393}, doi = {10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.01.020}, pages = {9 -- 16}, abstract = {Accumulation and recycling of biogenic silicon (BSi) in terrestrial ecosystems influence fluxes of dissolved Si from the continents to the oceans, thus act as a filter in the global Si cycle. Although the biogenic control mechanism especially of phytogenic Si pools (phytoliths) has been generally recognized since decades quantitative information on other terrestrial BSi pools is surprisingly rare. For the first time terrestrial protophytic (diatom frustules), protozoic (testate amoeba shells) and zoogenic (sponge spicules) Si pools were quantified in soils of initial ecosystem states. We analyzed spatiotemporal changes of these Si pools in differently aged soils of the artificial catchment 'Chicken Creek' in NE Germany. Within a relatively short time span (<10 years) of ecosystem development protophytic, protozoic and zoogenic Si pool sizes increased markedly, whereat protozoic Si pools were the smallest ones with a maximum of 6.2 mg m-2. Zoogenic Si pool size (max. 22.6 mg m-2) is comparable to the one of protophytic Si pools (max. 30.5 mg m-2) although only few sponge spicules (n = 10) and spicule fragments (n = 2) were found. Differences in quantities, dynamics and resistibility against dissolution of various BSi pools indicate their possibility to influence biogeochemical Si cycling relatively rapid (protophytic and protozoic Si pools) or slow (zoogenic Si pool). Spatiotemporal changes of protophytic and protozoic Si pools within the first decade of ecosystem development seem to be mainly controlled by (biotic) small-scale environmental conditions (e.g., vegetation, food sources).}, language = {en} } @misc{GossnerLewinsohnKahletal., author = {Gossner, Martin M. and Lewinsohn, Thomas M. and Kahl, Tiemo and Grasstein, Fabrice and Boch, Steffen and Prati, Daniel and Birkhofer, Klaus and Renner, Swen C. and Sikorski, Johannes and Wubet, Tesfaye}, title = {Land-use intensification causes homogenization of grassland communities across trophic levels}, series = {Nature}, volume = {540}, journal = {Nature}, number = {7632}, issn = {1476-4687}, doi = {10.1038/nature20575}, pages = {266 -- 269}, abstract = {Land-use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity loss. Alongside reductions in local species diversity, biotic homogenization at larger spatial scales is of great concern for conservation. Biotic homogenization means a decrease in β-diversity (the compositional dissimilarity between sites). Most studies have investigated losses in local (α)-diversity and neglected biodiversity loss at larger spatial scales. Studies addressing β-diversity have focused on single or a few organism groups (for example, ref. 4), and it is thus unknown whether land-use intensification homogenizes communities at different trophic levels, above- and belowground. Here we show that even moderate increases in local land-use intensity (LUI) cause biotic homogenization across microbial, plant and animal groups, both above- and belowground, and that this is largely independent of changes in α-diversity. We analysed a unique grassland biodiversity dataset, with abundances of more than 4,000 species belonging to 12 trophic groups. LUI, and, in particular, high mowing intensity, had consistent effects on β-diversity across groups, causing a homogenization of soil microbial, fungal pathogen, plant and arthropod communities. These effects were nonlinear and the strongest declines in β-diversity occurred in the transition from extensively managed to intermediate intensity grassland. LUI tended to reduce local α-diversity in aboveground groups, whereas the α-diversity increased in belowground groups. Correlations between the β-diversity of different groups, particularly between plants and their consumers, became weaker at high LUI. This suggests a loss of specialist species and is further evidence for biotic homogenization. The consistently negative effects of LUI on landscape-scale biodiversity underscore the high value of extensively managed grasslands for conserving multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem service provision. Indeed, biotic homogenization rather than local diversity loss could prove to be the most substantial consequence of land-use intensification.}, language = {en} } @misc{WannerSeidlLampaaHoehnetal., author = {Wanner, Manfred and Seidl-Lampaa, Barbara and H{\"o}hn, Axel and Puppe, Daniel and Meisterfeld, Ralf and Sommer, Michael}, title = {Culture growth of testate amoebae under different silicon concentrations}, series = {European Journal of Protistology}, volume = {56}, journal = {European Journal of Protistology}, issn = {1618-0429}, pages = {171 -- 179}, language = {en} } @misc{ArvidssonJonssonBirkhofer, author = {Arvidsson, Fredrik and Jonsson, Lars J. and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Geographic location, not forest type, affects the diversity of spider communities sampled with malaise traps in Sweden}, series = {Annales Zoologici Fennici}, volume = {53}, journal = {Annales Zoologici Fennici}, number = {3-4}, issn = {0003-455X}, doi = {10.5735/086.053.0410}, pages = {215 -- 227}, language = {en} } @misc{StylesBoerjessonD'Hertefeldtetal., author = {Styles, David and B{\"o}rjesson, P{\aa}l and D'Hertefeldt, Tina and Birkhofer, Klaus and Dauber, Jens and Adams, Paul and Patil, Sopan and Pagella, Tim and Petersson, Lars B. and Peck, Philip and Vaneeckhaute, C{\´e}line and Rosenqvist, H{\aa}kan}, title = {Climate regulation, energy provisioning and water purification: quantifying ecosystem service delivery of bioenergy willow grown on riparian buffer zones using life cycle assessment}, series = {Ambio}, volume = {45}, journal = {Ambio}, number = {8}, issn = {0044-744}, doi = {10.1007/s13280-016-0790-9}, pages = {872 -- 884}, language = {en} } @misc{EkroosOedmanAnderssonetal., author = {Ekroos, Johan and {\"O}dman, Anja M. and Andersson, Georg K. S. and Birkhofer, Klaus and Herbertsson, Lina and Klatt, Bj{\"o}rn B. and Olsson, Ola and Persson, Anna S. and Prentice, Honor C. and Rundl{\"o}f, Maj and Smith, Henrik G.}, title = {Sparing land for biodiversity at multiple spatial scales}, series = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {3}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, issn = {2296-701X}, doi = {10.3389/fevo.2015.00145}, pages = {145}, language = {en} } @misc{MaderBirkhoferFiedleretal., author = {Mader, Viktoria and Birkhofer, Klaus and Fiedler, Daniela and Thorn, Simon and Wolters, Volkmar and Diehl, Eva}, title = {Land-use at different spatial scales alters the functional role of web-building spiders in arthropod food webs}, series = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment}, volume = {219}, journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment}, issn = {0167-8809}, doi = {10.1016/j.agee.2015.12.017}, pages = {152 -- 162}, language = {en} } @misc{HansonPalmuBirkhoferetal., author = {Hanson, Helena I. and Palmu, Erkki and Birkhofer, Klaus and Smith, Henrik G. and Hedlund, Katarina}, title = {Agricultural land use determines the trait composition of ground beetle communities}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {11}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {1}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0146329}, pages = {e0146329}, language = {en} } @misc{SoliveresBirkhofer, author = {Soliveres, Santiago and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality}, series = {Philosophical Transactions B, Biological sciences}, volume = {371}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions B, Biological sciences}, number = {1694}, issn = {0080-4622}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2015.0269}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferDiekoetterMeubetal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Diek{\"o}tter, Tim and Meub, Christiane and St{\"o}tzel, Kathrin and Wolters, Volkmar}, title = {Optimizing arthropod predator conservation in permanent grasslands by considering diversity components beyond species richness}, series = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment}, volume = {211}, journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment}, issn = {0167-8809}, doi = {10.1016/j.agee.2015.05.014}, pages = {65 -- 72}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferDiehlAnderssonetal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Diehl, Eva and Andersson, Jesper and Ekroos, Johan and Fr{\"u}h-M{\"u}ller, Andrea and Machnikowski, Franziska and Mader, Viktoria and Nilsson, Lovisa and Sasaki, Keiko and Rundl{\"o}f, Maj and Wolters, Volkmar and Smith, Henrik G.}, title = {Ecosystem services - current challenges and opportunities for ecological research}, series = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {2}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, issn = {2296-701X}, doi = {10.3389/fevo.2014.00087}, pages = {35}, language = {en} } @misc{SoliveresBirkhofer, author = {Soliveres, Santiago and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality}, series = {Nature}, volume = {536}, journal = {Nature}, number = {7617}, issn = {0028-0836}, doi = {10.1038/nature19092}, pages = {456 -- 459}, language = {en} } @misc{DiekoetterWamserDoerneretal., author = {Diek{\"o}tter, Tim and Wamser, Sabine and D{\"o}rner, Tanja and Wolters, Volkmar and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Organic farming affects the potential of a granivorous carabid beetle to control arable weeds at local and landscape scales}, series = {Agricultural and Forest Entomology}, volume = {18}, journal = {Agricultural and Forest Entomology}, number = {2}, issn = {1461-9563}, doi = {10.1111/afe.12150}, pages = {167 -- 173}, language = {en} } @misc{RundloefSmithBirkhofer, author = {Rundl{\"o}f, Maj and Smith, Henrik G. and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Effects of organic farming on biodiversity}, series = {eLS - Wiley Online Library}, journal = {eLS - Wiley Online Library}, doi = {10.1002/9780470015902.a0026342}, pages = {1 -- 7}, abstract = {Changes in farming practices over the past century have had negative influence on farmland biodiversity. Organic farming excludes most agrochemicals, such as inorganic fertilisers and synthetic pesticides, and can be an alternative to conventional farming. A recent meta-analysis indicates that there is on average 30\% higher species richness on organically managed farmland compared to conventionally managed farmland. There are, however, large variation between organism groups, with a positive influence on plants and pollinators and possibly predators and birds, but less influence on and insufficient knowledge for other groups. Using more formal experimental design, focusing on understudied organism groups and aspects of biodiversity, such as genetic and ecosystem diversity, and evaluating effects on rare species would advance our knowledge. The yield reduction under organic farming, resulting in more land needed to produce the same amount, could offset some of the biodiversity benefits of organic farming.}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferArvidssonEhlersetal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Arvidsson, Fredrik and Ehlers, D. and Mader, Viktoria and Bengtsson, Janne and Smith, Henrik G.}, title = {Landscape complexity and organic farming independently affect the biological control of hemipteran pests and yields in spring barley}, series = {Landscape Ecology}, volume = {31}, journal = {Landscape Ecology}, number = {3}, issn = {0921-2973}, doi = {10.1007/s10980-015-0263-8}, pages = {567 -- 579}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferDietrichJohnetal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Dietrich, Christoph and John, Katharina and Schorpp, Quentin and Zaitsev, Andrey S. and Wolters, Volkmar}, title = {Regional conditions and land-use alter the contribution of soil arthropos to ecosystem services in grasslands. Frontiers in Agroecology and Land-Use Systems}, series = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {3}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, issn = {2296-701X}, doi = {10.3389/fevo.2015.00150}, pages = {150}, language = {en} } @misc{SeredaWoltersBirkhofer, author = {Sereda, Elvira and Wolters, Volkmar and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Addition of crop residues affects a detritus-based food chain depending on litter type and farming system}, series = {Basic and Applied Ecology}, volume = {16}, journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology}, number = {8}, issn = {1439-1791}, doi = {10.1016/j.baae.2015.07.005}, pages = {746 -- 754}, language = {en} } @misc{HinesPuttenDeynetal., author = {Hines, Jes and Putten, Wim H. van der and Deyn, Gerlinde B. de and Wagg, Cameron and Voigt, Winfried and Mulder, Christian and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Engel, Jan and Melian, Carlos and Scheu, Stefan and Birkhofer, Klaus and Ebeling, Anne and Scherber, Christoph and Eisenhauer, Nico}, title = {Towards an integration of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning and food web theory to evaluate relationships between multiple ecosystem services}, series = {Advances in Ecological Research}, volume = {53}, journal = {Advances in Ecological Research}, issn = {0065-2504}, doi = {10.1016/bs.aecr.2015.09.001}, pages = {161 -- 199}, language = {en} } @misc{RuschBirkhoferBommarcoetal., author = {Rusch, Adrien and Birkhofer, Klaus and Bommarco, Riccardo and Smith, Henrik G. and Ekbom, Barbara}, title = {Predator body sizes and habitat preferences predict predation rates in an agroecosystem}, series = {Basic and Applied Ecology}, volume = {16}, journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology}, number = {3}, issn = {1439-1791}, doi = {10.1016/j.baae.2015.02.003}, pages = {250 -- 259}, language = {en} } @misc{TsiafouliThebaultSgardelisetal., author = {Tsiafouli, Maria and Th{\´e}bault, Elisa and Sgardelis, Stefanos P. and Ruiter, Peter C. de and Putten, Wim H. van der and Birkhofer, Klaus and Hemerik, Lia and Vries, Franciska T. de and Bardgett, Richard D. and Brady, Mark Vincent and Bjornlund, Lisa and Bracht J{\o}rgensen, Helene and Christensen, S{\"o}ren and D'Hertefeldt, Tina and Hotes, Stefan and Hol, W. H. Gera and Frouz, Jan and Liiri, Mira and Mortimer, Simon R. and Set{\"a}l{\"a}, Heikki and Tzanopoulous, Joseph and Uteseny, Karoline and Pižl, V{\´a}clav and Stary, Josef and Wolters, Volkmar and Hedlund, Katarina}, title = {Intensive agriculture reduces soil biodiversity across Europe}, series = {Global Change Biology}, volume = {21}, journal = {Global Change Biology}, number = {2}, issn = {1365-2486}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.12752}, pages = {973 -- 985}, language = {en} } @misc{SerbinaBurckhardtBirkhoferetal., author = {Serbina, Liliya and Burckhardt, Daniel and Birkhofer, Klaus and Syfert, Mindy M. and Halbert, Susan E.}, title = {The potato pest Russelliana solanicola Tuthill (Hemiptera: Psylloidea): taxonomy and host-plant patterns}, series = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4021}, journal = {Zootaxa}, number = {1}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4021.1.2}, pages = {33 -- 62}, language = {en} } @misc{AllanBirkhofer, author = {Allan, Eric and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Inter-annual variation in land-use intensity enhances grassland multidiversity}, series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, volume = {111}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, number = {1}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1312213111}, pages = {308 -- 318}, language = {en} } @misc{SetaelaeBirkhoferBradyetal., author = {Set{\"a}l{\"a}, Heikki and Birkhofer, Klaus and Brady, Mark Vincent and Byrne, Loren B. and Vries, Franciska T. de and Gardi, Ciro and Hotes, Stefan and Hedlund, Katarina and Liiri, Mira and Mortimer, Simon R. and Pavao-Zuckerman, Mitchell and Pouyat, Richard and Tsiafouli, Maria and Hemerik, Lia and Bardgett, Richard D. and Ruiter, Peter C. de and Putten, Wim H. van der}, title = {Urban and agricultural soils: conflicts and trade-offs in the optimization of ecosystem services}, series = {Urban Ecosystems}, volume = {17}, journal = {Urban Ecosystems}, number = {1}, issn = {1083-8155}, doi = {10.1007/s11252-013-0311-6}, pages = {239 -- 253}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferEkroosCorlettetal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Ekroos, Johan and Corlett, E. B. and Smith, Henrik G.}, title = {Winners and losers of organic cereal farming in animal communities across Central and Northern Europe}, series = {Biological Conservation}, volume = {175}, journal = {Biological Conservation}, issn = {0006-3207}, doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2014.04.014}, pages = {25 -- 33}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferWoltersDiekoetter, author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Wolters, Volkmar and Diek{\"o}tter, Tim}, title = {Grassy margins along organically managed cereal fields foster trait diversity and taxonomic distinctness of arthropod communities}, series = {Insect Conservation and Diversity}, volume = {7}, journal = {Insect Conservation and Diversity}, number = {3}, issn = {1752-4598}, doi = {10.1111/icad.12051}, pages = {274 -- 287}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferBirdBildeetal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Bird, Tharina and Bilde, Trine and Lubin, Yael}, title = {Spatial patterns of social spider colonies in Namibia reflect habitat features and dispersal modes}, series = {Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa}, volume = {69}, journal = {Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa}, number = {3}, issn = {0035-919X}, doi = {10.1080/0035919X.2014.941044}, pages = {157 -- 163}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferEkroosSmith, author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Ekroos, Johan and Smith, Henrik G.}, title = {Effects of maize on the diversity of arthropod predators and its value as a resource for arthropod fauna}, series = {Nordic Association of Agricultural Science Report}, volume = {10}, journal = {Nordic Association of Agricultural Science Report}, issn = {1653-2015}, pages = {55 -- 56}, language = {en} } @misc{SeredaBlickDorowetal., author = {Sereda, Elvira and Blick, Theo and Dorow, Wolfgang H. O. and Wolters, Volkmar and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Assessing spider diversity on the forest floor: expert knowledge beats a regular sampling design}, series = {The Journal of Arachnology}, volume = {42}, journal = {The Journal of Arachnology}, number = {1}, issn = {1937-2396}, pages = {44 -- 51}, language = {en} } @misc{DiekoetterWamserWoltersetal., author = {Diek{\"o}tter, Tim and Wamser, Sabine and Wolters, Volkmar and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Corrigendum to "Landscape and management effects on structure and function of soil arthropod communities in winter wheat"}, series = {Agriculture Ecosystems \& Environment}, volume = {184}, journal = {Agriculture Ecosystems \& Environment}, number = {182}, issn = {0167-8809}, doi = {10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.006}, language = {en} } @misc{RuschBirkhoferBommarcoetal., author = {Rusch, Adrien and Birkhofer, Klaus and Bommarco, Riccardo and Smith, Henrik G. and Ekbom, Barbara}, title = {Management intensity at field and landscape levels affects the taxonomic and functional structure of generalist predator communities}, series = {Oecologia}, volume = {175}, journal = {Oecologia}, number = {3}, issn = {0029-854}, doi = {10.1007/s00442-014-2949-z}, pages = {971 -- 983}, language = {en} } @misc{EffiomBirkhoferSmithetal., author = {Effiom, Edu O. and Birkhofer, Klaus and Smith, Henrik G. and Olsson, Ola}, title = {Changes of community composition at multiple trophic levels due to hunting in Nigerian tropical forests}, series = {Ecography}, volume = {37}, journal = {Ecography}, number = {4}, issn = {1600-0587}, doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.00359.x}, pages = {367 -- 377}, language = {en} } @misc{WilliamsBirkhoferHedlund, author = {Williams, Alwyn and Birkhofer, Klaus and Hedlund, Katarina}, title = {Above- and below-ground interactions with agricultural management: effects of soil microbial communities on barley and aphids}, series = {Pedobiologia}, volume = {57}, journal = {Pedobiologia}, number = {2}, issn = {0031-4056}, doi = {10.1016/j.pedobi.2014.01.004}, pages = {67 -- 74}, language = {en} } @misc{RaderBirkhoferSchmuckietal., author = {Rader, Romina and Birkhofer, Klaus and Schmucki, Reto and Smith, Henrik G. and Stjernman, Martin and Lindborg, Regina}, title = {Organic farming and heterogeneous landscapes positively affect different measures of plant diversity}, series = {Journal of applied ecology}, volume = {51}, journal = {Journal of applied ecology}, number = {6}, issn = {1365-2664}, doi = {10.1111/1365-2664.12344}, pages = {1544 -- 1553}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferSmithRundloef, author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Smith, Henrik G. and Rundl{\"o}f, Maj}, title = {Environmental Impacts of Organic Farming}, series = {eLS - Wiley Online Library}, journal = {eLS - Wiley Online Library}, doi = {10.1002/9780470015902.a0026341}, pages = {1 -- 7}, abstract = {Organic agriculture is a production system that aims at sustaining healthy soils, ecosystems and people by prohibiting the application of synthetic pesticides and fertilisers in crop production and by emphasising animal welfare in livestock breeding. This article shows that organic agriculture is characterised by higher soil quality and reduced nutrient or pesticide leaching compared to nonorganic agriculture, but that positive effects on biological control services or emission of greenhouse gases are less evident. Yield gaps between organic and nonorganic agriculture are on average 20\%, but vary between crops and regions. Given the environmental risks that are associated with intensive, nonorganic agriculture, farming practices should be modified to decrease risks. Organic agriculture can be a more environmentally friendly alternative, but individual farming practices need improvement to meet the demands of a growing human population. Further growth of the organic farming sector will contribute to reduce the negative environmental impact of agriculture.}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferSmithWeisseretal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Smith, Henrik G. and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Wolters, Volkmar and Gossner, Martin M.}, title = {Land-use effects on the functional distinctness of arthropod communities}, series = {Ecography}, volume = {38}, journal = {Ecography}, number = {9}, issn = {0906-7590}, doi = {10.1111/ecog.01141}, pages = {889 -- 900}, abstract = {Land-use change is a major driver of the global loss of biodiversity, but it is unclear to what extent this also results in a loss of ecological traits. Therefore, a better understanding of how land-use change affects ecological traits is crucial for efforts to sustain functional diversity. To this end we tested whether higher species richness or taxonomic distinctness generally leads to increased functional distinctness and whether intensive land use leads to functionally more narrow arthropod communities. We compiled species composition and trait data for 350 species of terrestrial arthropods (Araneae, Carabidae and Heteroptera) in different land-use types (forests, grasslands and arable fields) of low and high land-use intensity. We calculated the average functional and taxonomic distinctness and the rarified trait richness for each community. These measures reflect the range of traits, taxonomic relatedness and number of traits that are observed in local communities. Average functional distinctness only increased significantly with species richness in Carabidae communities. Functional distinctness increased significantly with taxonomic distinctness in communities of all analyzed taxa suggesting a high functional redundancy of taxonomically closely related species. Araneae and Heteroptera communities had the expected lower functional distinctness at sites with higher land-use intensity. More frequently disturbed land-use types such as managed grasslands or arable fields were characterized by species with smaller body sizes and higher dispersal abilities and communities with lower functional distinctness or trait richness. Simple recommendations about the conservation of functional distinctness of arthropod communities in the face of future land-use intensification and species loss are not possible. Our study shows that these relationships depend on the studied taxa and land-use type. However, for some arthropod groups functional distinctness is threatened by intensification and conversion from less to more frequently disturbed land-uses.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BirkhoferDiehlWoltersetal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Diehl, Eva and Wolters, Volkmar and Smith, Henrik G.}, title = {Global metawebs of spider predation highlight consequences of land-use change for terrestrial predator-prey networks}, series = {Adaptive Food Webs - Stability and Transitions of Real and Model Ecosystems}, booktitle = {Adaptive Food Webs - Stability and Transitions of Real and Model Ecosystems}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-1-107-18211-0}, pages = {193 -- 213}, language = {en} } @misc{ShimanoOnoderaWanner, author = {Shimano, Satoshi D. and Onodera, Yuka and Wanner, Manfred}, title = {Testate amoebae collected from moss on urban buildings with different age, height and distance to a possible source habitat - are there obvious colonization patterns?}, series = {Soil Organisms}, volume = {89}, journal = {Soil Organisms}, number = {3}, issn = {2509-9523}, pages = {151 -- 155}, language = {en} } @misc{PuppeHoehnKaczoreketal., author = {Puppe, Daniel and H{\"o}hn, Axel and Kaczorek, Danuta and Wanner, Manfred and Wehrhan, Marc and Sommer, Michael}, title = {How big is the influence of biogenic silicon pools on short-term changes in water-soluble silicon in soils? Implications from a study of a 10-year-old soil-plant system}, series = {Biogeosciences}, volume = {14}, journal = {Biogeosciences}, number = {22}, issn = {1726-4189}, pages = {5239 -- 5252}, language = {en} } @misc{ShimanoBobrovWanneretal., author = {Shimano, Satoshi D. and Bobrov, Anatoly A. and Wanner, Manfred and Lamentowicz, Mariusz and Mazei, Yuri and Ohtsuka, Taisuke}, title = {Testate amoeba diversity of a poor fen on mineral soil in the hilly area of Central Honshu, Japan}, series = {Acta Protozoologica}, volume = {56}, journal = {Acta Protozoologica}, number = {3}, issn = {1689-0027}, pages = {215 -- 220}, language = {en} } @misc{RoubinetBirkhoferMalsheretal., author = {Roubinet, Eve and Birkhofer, Klaus and Malsher, Gerard and Staudacher, Karin and Ekbom, Barbara and Traugott, Michael and Jonsson, Mattias}, title = {Diet of generalist predators reflects effects of cropping period and farming system on extra- and intraguild prey}, series = {Ecological Applications}, volume = {27}, journal = {Ecological Applications}, number = {4}, issn = {1939-5582}, doi = {10.1002/eap.1510}, pages = {1167 -- 1177}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferFevrierHeinrichetal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Fevrier, Valentin and Heinrich, Anna Eva and Rink, Katharina and Smith, Henrik G.}, title = {The contribution of CAP greening measures to conservation biological control at two spatial scales}, series = {Agriculture, Ecosystem \& Environment}, journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystem \& Environment}, number = {255}, issn = {1873-2305}, doi = {10.1016/j.agee.2017.12.026}, pages = {84 -- 94}, abstract = {To promote a more sustainable agricultural production, the European Commission implemented direct payments that require farmers to implement greening measures aimed at reducing negative effects of agriculture on the environment and biodiversity. These greening measures (including fallows and permanent grasslands) have been criticised for their potential inability to conserve biodiversity and promote associated ecosystem services. In this study, we investigate if the presence of old or recently established fallows and permanent grassland in the landscape are beneficial for the emergence, activity density and spillover of ground-running natural enemies and as a result aphid biological control in cereal fields. Lycosidae and Theridiidae were more numerous in fallows (emergence \& activity density) compared to crop fields, while Staphylinidae and Linyphiidae showed opposite patterns. Spillover of Lycosidae was significantly higher from fallows into cereal fields, than between cereal fields. As a result of the opposite patterns in activity density in fallows between different groups of predators, a spillover from fallows did not result in a significantly higher aphid control in crop fields adjacent to them. A high proportion of permanent grassland in the landscape resulted in lower emergence of Linyphiidae and Carabidae. Our results support the assumption that a higher emergence and activity density of ground-running predators generally results in higher spillover to adjacent fields. However, patterns of emergence and activity density differed between individual natural enemy groups. Fallows, independent of age, can therefore act as source or sink depending on the focal predator group and more permanent grassland in the landscape can result in lower local emergence. Fallows at the local scale and permanent grassland at larger spatial scales therefore did not generally promote aphid biological control services provided by ground-running natural enemies.}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferAnderssonBengtssonetal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Andersson, Georg K. S. and Bengtsson, Janne and Bommarco, Riccardo and D{\"a}nhardt, Juliana and Ekbom, Barbara and Ekroos, Johan and Hahn, Thomas and Hedlund, Katarina and J{\"o}nnson, Annelie M. and Lindborg, Regina and Olsson, Ola and Rader, Romina and Rusch, Adrien and Stjernman, Martin and Williams, Alwyn and Smith, Henrik G.}, title = {Relationships between multiple biodiversity components and ecosystem services along a landscape complexity gradient}, series = {Biological Conservation}, volume = {218}, journal = {Biological Conservation}, issn = {1873-2917}, doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2017.12.027}, pages = {247 -- 253}, language = {en} } @misc{StaudacherRennstamRubbmarkBirkhoferetal., author = {Staudacher, Karin and Rennstam Rubbmark, Oskar and Birkhofer, Klaus and Malsher, Gerard and Sint, Daniela and Jonsson, Mattias and Traugott, Michael}, title = {Habitat heterogeneity induces rapid changes in the feeding behaviour of generalist arthropod predators}, series = {Functional Ecology}, volume = {32}, journal = {Functional Ecology}, number = {3}, issn = {1365-2435}, doi = {10.1111/1365-2435.13028}, pages = {809 -- 819}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferBylundDalinetal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Bylund, Helena and Dalin, Peter and Ferlian, Olga and Gagic, Vesna and Hamb{\"a}ck, Peter A. and Klapwijk, Maartje and Mestre, Laia and Roubinet, Eve and Schroeder, Martin and Stenberg, Johan A. and Porcel, Mario and Bj{\"o}rkman, Christer and Jonsson, Mattias}, title = {Methods to identify the prey of invertebrate predators in terrestrial field studies}, series = {Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {7}, journal = {Ecology and Evolution}, number = {6}, issn = {2045-7758}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.2791}, pages = {1942 -- 1953}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferGossnerDiekoetteretal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Gossner, Martin M. and Diek{\"o}tter, Tim and Drees, Claudia and Ferlian, Olga and Maraun, Mark and Scheu, Stefan and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Wolters, Volkmar and Wurst, Susanne and Zaitsev, Andrey S. and Smith, Henrik G.}, title = {Land-use type and intensity differentially filter traits in above- and below-ground arthropod communities}, series = {Journal of Animal Ecology}, volume = {86}, journal = {Journal of Animal Ecology}, number = {3}, issn = {1365-2656}, doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.12641}, pages = {511 -- 520}, language = {en} } @misc{NyffelerBirkhofer, author = {Nyffeler, Martin and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {An estimated 400-800 million tons of prey are annually killed by the global spider community}, series = {The Science of Nature}, volume = {104}, journal = {The Science of Nature}, number = {3-4}, issn = {1432-1904}, doi = {10.1007/s00114-017-1440-1}, pages = {12}, language = {en} } @misc{NyffelerLapinskiSnyderetal., author = {Nyffeler, Martin and Lapinski, Witold and Snyder, Andrew and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Spiders feeding on earthworms revisited: consumption of giant earthworms in the tropics}, series = {Journal of Arachnology}, volume = {45}, journal = {Journal of Arachnology}, number = {2}, issn = {1937-2396}, doi = {10.1636/JoA-17-013.1}, pages = {242 -- 247}, language = {en} } @misc{MaderDiehlFiedleretal., author = {Mader, Viktoria and Diehl, Eva and Fiedler, Daniela and Thorn, Simon and Wolters, Volkmar and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Trade-offs in arthropod conservation between productive and non-productive agri-environmental schemes along a landscape complexity gradient}, series = {Insect Conservation and Diversity}, volume = {10}, journal = {Insect Conservation and Diversity}, number = {3}, issn = {1752-4598}, doi = {10.1111/icad.12220}, pages = {236 -- 247}, language = {en} } @misc{NilssonAnderssonBirkhoferetal., author = {Nilsson, Lovisa and Andersson, Georg K. S. and Birkhofer, Klaus and Smith, Henrik G.}, title = {Ignoring ecosystem-service cascades undermines policy for multifunctional agricultural landscapes}, series = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, number = {5}, issn = {2296-701X}, doi = {10.3389/fevo.2017.00109}, pages = {6}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferPalmuHansonetal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Palmu, Erkki and Hanson, Helena I. and Hedlund, Katarina}, title = {Can hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios reveal large-scale patterns in dispersal and dietary origin in ground beetles?}, series = {Applied Soil Ecology}, volume = {Vol. 119}, journal = {Applied Soil Ecology}, issn = {0929-1393}, doi = {10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.06.006}, pages = {99 -- 103}, language = {en} } @misc{EisenhauerAntunesBennettetal., author = {Eisenhauer, Nico and Antunes, Pedro M. and Bennett, Alison E. and Birkhofer, Klaus and Bissett, Andrew and Bowker, Matthew A. and Caruso, Tancredi}, title = {Priorities for research in soil ecology}, series = {Pedobiologia}, volume = {63}, journal = {Pedobiologia}, issn = {0031-4056}, doi = {10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.05.003}, pages = {1 -- 7}, language = {en} } @misc{HansenBirkhoferSmithetal., author = {Hansen, Helena I. and Birkhofer, Klaus and Smith, Henrik G. and Palmu, Erkki and Hedlund, Katarina}, title = {Agricultural land use affects abundance and dispersal tendency of predatory arthropods}, series = {Basic and Applied Ecology}, journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology}, number = {18}, issn = {1618-0089}, doi = {10.1016/j.baae.2016.10.004}, pages = {40 -- 49}, abstract = {Predatory arthropods contribute to biological control, but to become an integral part of agricultural management, it is essential to identify drivers of their spatio-temporal distribution at the landscape scale. This study focuses on how agricultural land use affects the community composition, emergence and dispersal tendency of predatory arthropods. The arthropods were collected in emergence traps during the growing season (14 weeks) in a gradient of agricultural land uses from intensively managed sugar beet fields, over winter wheat fields, to less intensively managed grasslands. The emergence traps were equipped with one pitfall trap and a collecting bottle at the top. The distribution of the arthropods between these two collecting methods was assumed to represent their tendency to move out of the habitat. The grasslands had the highest numbers of spiders, while the winter wheat fields had the highest numbers of omnivorous rove beetles and macropterous predaceous ground beetles. The phenology of emergence differed between the land-use types, resulting in seasonal differences in community composition. The overall dispersal tendency of predatory arthropods was higher in crop fields than in grasslands. This study suggests that only a diverse mix of agricultural land uses will provide high levels of predators from different functional groups, throughout the growing season.}, language = {en} } @misc{TschumiEkroosHjortetal., author = {Tschumi, Matthias and Ekroos, Johan and Hjort, Cecilia and Smith, Henrik G. and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Predation-mediated ecosystem services and disservices in agricultural landscapes}, series = {Ecological Applications}, volume = {28}, journal = {Ecological Applications}, number = {8}, issn = {1939-5582}, doi = {10.1002/eap.1799}, pages = {2109 -- 2118}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferRuschAnderssonetal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Rusch, Adrien and Andersson, Georg K. S. and Bommarco, Riccardo and D{\"a}nhardt, Juliana and Ekbom, Barbara and J{\"o}nnson, Annelie M. and Lindborg, Regina and Olsson, Ola and Rader, Romina and Stjernman, Martin and Williams, Alwyn and Hedlund, Katarina and Smith, Henrik G.}, title = {A framework to identify indicator species for ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes}, series = {Ecological Indicators}, volume = {91}, journal = {Ecological Indicators}, issn = {1470-160X}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.04.018}, pages = {278 -- 286}, language = {en} } @misc{WannerBetkerShimanoetal., author = {Wanner, Manfred and Betker, Elisa and Shimano, Satoshi D. and Krawczynski, Ren{\´e}}, title = {Are soil testate amoebae and diatoms useful for forensics?}, series = {Forensic Science International}, volume = {289}, journal = {Forensic Science International}, issn = {0379-0738}, doi = {10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.05.027}, pages = {223 -- 231}, language = {en} } @misc{MaderDiehlWoltersetal., author = {Mader, Viktoria and Diehl, Eva and Wolters, Volkmar and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Agri-environmental schemes affect the trophic niche size and diet of common carabid species in agricultural landscapes}, series = {Ecological Entomology}, volume = {43}, journal = {Ecological Entomology}, number = {6}, issn = {1365-2311}, doi = {10.1111/een.12671}, pages = {823 -- 835}, abstract = {1. Carabids are abundant in agroecosystems and provide biocontrol services by feeding on weed seeds and pests. We compare the effects of two fundamentally different agri-environmental schemes (AES) on the numeric and trophic responses of four common carabid species: Anchomenus dorsalis, Poecilus cupreus, Pseudoophonus rufipes and Pterostichus melanarius. 2. In six cereal fields under organic farming and six sown flowering fields, 10 290 individuals of the four species were sampled to quantify their numeric response. The activity density of all species was higher in organically managed cereal fields compared to flowering fields. 3. We analysed naturally occurring stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in 138 carabid individuals to quantify isotopic niches and the diet contribution of soil- versus plant-based resources. Resources from the soil ('brown') energy channel were more important than resources from the plant ('green') energy channel in the diet of all species, particularly in P. melanarius. 4. Isotopic niches were larger for P. rufipes and P. melanarius in flowering fields than in organically managed cereal fields. Moreover, differences between AES types were observed in the diet contribution derived from both energy channels: A. dorsalis and P. cupreus incorporated higher proportions of plant-based resources in organically managed cereal fields compared to flowering fields. 5. Similar numeric, but different trophic responses suggest that AES type may alter arthropod food webs beyond simple changes in carabid densities. Such 'hidden' modifications in the resource utilisation of generalist predators deserve more attention to adequately evaluate the ecological consequences of AES.}, language = {en} } @misc{KundelMeyerBirkhoferetal., author = {Kundel, Dominika and Meyer, Svenja and Birkhofer, Herbert and Fliessbach, Andreas and M{\"a}der, Paul and Scheu, Stefan and Kleunen, Mark van and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Design and Manual to Construct Rainout-Shelters for Climate Change Experiments in Agroecosystems}, series = {Frontiers in Environmental Science}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science}, issn = {2296-665X}, doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2018.00014}, pages = {9}, abstract = {Climate change models predict reduced summer precipitations for most European countries, including more frequent and extreme summer droughts. Rainout-shelters which intercept part of the natural precipitation provide an effective tool to investigate effects of different precipitation levels on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In this study, we evaluate and describe in detail a fixed-location rainout-shelter (2.5 × 2.5 m) with partial interception of natural rainfall. We provide a complete parts list, a construction manual and detailed CAD drawings allowing to rebuild and use these shelters for rainfall manipulation studies. In addition, we describe a rainout-shelter control treatment giving the possibility to quantify and account for potential shelter artifacts. To test the rainout-shelters, we established the following three treatments each in eight winter wheat plots of the agricultural long-term farming system comparison trial DOK in Therwil (Switzerland): (1) A rainout-shelter with 65\% interception of rainfall, (2) a rainout-shelter control without interception of rainfall, and (3) an ambient control. The rainout-shelter effectively excluded 64.9\% of the ambient rainfall, which is very close to the a priori calculated exclusion of 65.1\%. In comparison to the ambient control plots, gravimetric soil moisture decreased under the rainout-shelter by a maximum of 11.1 percentage points. Air temperature under the rainout-shelter differed little from the ambient control (-0.55°C in 1.2 m height and +0.19°C in 0.1 m height), whereas soil temperatures were slightly higher in periods of high ambient temperature (+1.02°C), but remained basically unaffected in periods of low ambient temperature (+0.14°C). A maximum edge effect of 0.75 m defined a sampling area of 1 × 1 m under the rainout-shelter. The rainout-shelters presented here, proved to sustain under heavy weather and they were well-suited to be used in agricultural fields where management operations require the removal of the rainout-shelters for management operations. Overall, the results confirmed the good performance of the presented rainout-shelters regarding rainout-shelter artifacts, predictable rain exclusion, and feasibility for experimental studies in agricultural fields.}, language = {en} } @misc{KarpBirkhofer, author = {Karp, Daniel S. and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition}, series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {115}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {33}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1800042115}, pages = {E7863 -- E7870}, abstract = {The idea that noncrop habitat enhances pest control and represents a win-win opportunity to conserve biodiversity and bolster yields has emerged as an agroecological paradigm. However, while noncrop habitat in landscapes surrounding farms sometimes benefits pest predators, natural enemy responses remain heterogeneous across studies and effects on pests are inconclusive. The observed heterogeneity in species responses to noncrop habitat may be biological in origin or could result from variation in how habitat and biocontrol are measured. Here, we use a pest-control database encompassing 132 studies and 6,759 sites worldwide to model natural enemy and pest abundances, predation rates, and crop damage as a function of landscape composition. Our results showed that although landscape composition explained significant variation within studies, pest and enemy abundances, predation rates, crop damage, and yields each exhibited different responses across studies, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing in landscapes with more noncrop habitat but overall showing no consistent trend. Thus, models that used landscape-composition variables to predict pest-control dynamics demonstrated little potential to explain variation across studies, though prediction did improve when comparing studies with similar crop and landscape features. Overall, our work shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others. Future efforts to develop tools that inform farmers when habitat conservation truly represents a win-win would benefit from increased understanding of how landscape effects are modulated by local farm management and the biology of pests and their enemies.}, language = {en} } @misc{ZaitsevBirkhoferEkschmittetal., author = {Zaitsev, Andrey S. and Birkhofer, Klaus and Ekschmitt, Klemens and Wolters, Volkmar}, title = {Belowground Tritrophic Food Chain Modulates Soil Respiration in Grasslands}, series = {Pedosphere}, volume = {28}, journal = {Pedosphere}, number = {1}, issn = {1002-0160}, doi = {10.1016/S1002-0160(18)60008-6}, pages = {114 -- 123}, abstract = {Edaphic biota significantly affects several essential ecological functions such as C-storage, nutrient turnover, and productivity. However, it is not completely understood how belowground animal contribution to these functions changes in grasslands subject to different land use types. A microcosm experiment was carried out to test the effect of a tritrophic food chain on CO2 release from grassland soils. Soil was collected from three differently managed grassland systems (meadow, pasture, and mown pasture) located in three distinct German regions that cover a north-south gradient of approximately 500 km. The tritrophic food chain comprised natural edaphic microflora, nematodes, and predatory gamasid mites. The experimental design involved a full factorial combination of the presence and absence of nematodes and gamasid mites. Nematodes significantly increased the CO2 emissions in most treatments, but the extent of this effect varied with land use type. The fact that grazing by nematodes stimulated the metabolic activity of the edaphic microflora over a wide range of grassland soils highlighted the critical impact of the microfauna on ecosystem services associated with soil organic matter dynamics. Gamasids slightly amplified the effect of nematodes on microbial metabolic activity, but only in the pastures. This effect was most probably due to the control of nematode abundance. The fact that gamasid addition also augmented the impact of environmental conditions on nematode-induced modulation of soil respiration highlighted the need for including land use differences while evaluating soil fauna contribution to soil processes. To conclude, the differential response of the investigated tritrophic food chain to different grassland management systems suggests that adverse effects of land use intensification on important soil processes such as atmospheric C-release could potentially be reduced by using management methods that preserve essential features of the belowground food web.}, language = {en} } @misc{BergerBirkhoferHansonetal., author = {Berger, Josef S. and Birkhofer, Klaus and Hanson, Helena I. and Hedlund, Katarina}, title = {Landscape configuration affects herbivore-parasitoid communities in oilseed rape}, series = {Journal of Pest Science}, volume = {91}, journal = {Journal of Pest Science}, number = {3}, issn = {1612-4758}, doi = {10.1007\%2Fs10340-018-0965-1}, pages = {1093 -- 1105}, abstract = {It is crucial to consider the effects of large-scale drivers on species presences and ecological interactions to understand what structures communities. In our study, we investigated how the species composition and the potential interaction networks of herbivore and parasitoid communities in oilseed rape fields are affected by agricultural landscape characteristics. Insect communities of 26 winter oilseed rape fields in southern Sweden were captured in water traps over a continuous time span of 30 ± 2 days. In total, 31\% of the variation in the composition of herbivore host communities was explained by a combination of the surrounding oilseed rape area in the study year and the previous year and distance to the nearest forest. The oilseed rape area in the study year and distance to forest also explained 14\% of the variation in the composition of parasitoid communities. Distance to the nearest forest together with the area of oilseed rape in the previous year explained 45\% of the variation in asymmetry of interaction webs. These results indicate that several measures of landscape configuration are important both for the composition of host and parasitoid communities and also for the structure of interaction networks. Our results support the view that it is an appropriate strategy to cultivate oilseed rape in landscapes that are far away from forests, in order to minimize recolonization by pest species and at the same time to attract parasitoid species from the open landscape.}, language = {en} } @misc{TschumiEkroosHjortetal., author = {Tschumi, Matthias and Ekroos, Johan and Hjort, Cecilia and Smith, Henrik G. and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Rodents, not birds, dominate predation-related ecosystem services and disservices in vertebrate communities of agricultural landscapes}, series = {Oecologia}, volume = {188}, journal = {Oecologia}, number = {3}, issn = {0029-8549}, doi = {10.1007/s00442-018-4242-z}, pages = {863 -- 873}, abstract = {To understand the relationship between conservation measures and agricultural yields, we need to know the contributions of organisms to both ecosystem services and disservices. We studied the activity and contribution of birds and mammals to intermediate ecosystem services (predation of weed seeds or invertebrate pests) and disservices (predation of crop seeds or beneficial invertebrates) in southern Sweden between June and November 2016. We measured seed and invertebrate predation rates using trays placed in front of 32 wildlife cameras in 16 cereal fields with a local habitat contrast (8 fields adjacent to another crop field and 8 fields adjacent to a semi-natural grassland) and along a landscape heterogeneity gradient (amount of semi-natural grassland). Both activity and predation were dominated by small mammals (mainly rodents), yet only a few species contributed to predation services and disservices according to camera records. Small mammal activity and predation varied considerably over time. Small mammal activity was significantly higher at trays with crop seeds or beneficial invertebrate prey compared to trays with pest prey, and crop seed predation by small mammals was significantly higher than weed seed predation. In contrast, bird activity and predation did not differ significantly between resource types, but varied over time depending on the habitat contrast. Predation of animal prey by birds was highest after cereal harvest, independent of habitat contrast. Our study highlights that birds and in particular rodents provide important intermediate ecosystem services, but also disservices, which fluctuate strongly in intensity over time.}, language = {en} } @misc{AhlswedeFabianoKeepingetal., author = {Ahlswede, Steve and Fabiano, Ezequiel Chimbioputo and Keeping, Derek and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Using the Formozov-Malyshev-Pereleshin formula to convert mammal spoor counts into density estimates for long-term community-level monitoring}, series = {African Journal of Ecology}, volume = {57}, journal = {African Journal of Ecology}, number = {2}, issn = {1365-2028}, doi = {10.1111/aje.12587}, pages = {177 -- 189}, language = {en} } @misc{BochAllanBirkhoferetal., author = {Boch, Steffen and Allan, Eric and Birkhofer, Klaus and Bossdorf, Oliver and Bl{\"u}thgen, Nico and Christ-Breulmann, Sabina and Diek{\"o}tter, Tim and Dormann, Carsten F. and Gossner, Martin M. and Hallmann, Christine and Hemp, Andreas and H{\"o}lzel, Norbert and Jung, Kirsten and Klaus, Valentin H. and Klein, Alexandra M. and Kleinebecker, Till and Lange, Markus and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Nacke, Heiko and Prati, Daniel and Renner, Swen C. and Rothenw{\"o}hrer, Christoph and Schall, Peter and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef and Socher, Stephanie A. and Tscharntke, Teja and T{\"u}rke, Manfred and Weiner, Christiane N. and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Westphal, Catrin and Wolters, Volkmar and Wubet, Tesfaye and Fischer, Markus}, title = {Extensive und j{\"a}hrlich wechselnde Nutzungsintensit{\"a}t f{\"o}rdert den Artenreichtum im Gr{\"u}nland}, series = {ANLIEGEN NATUR}, volume = {38}, journal = {ANLIEGEN NATUR}, number = {1}, issn = {1864-0729}, pages = {86 -- 95}, language = {de} } @misc{HeymJahnKampenetal., author = {Heym, Eva C. and Jahn, Susan and Kampen, Helge and Wanner, Manfred and Walther, Doreen}, title = {The mosquito fauna of Berlin - a contribution to data collections on the family Culicidae in urban surroundings}, series = {Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie}, volume = {21}, journal = {Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie}, issn = {0344-9084}, pages = {215 -- 219}, language = {en} } @misc{PuppeWannerSommer, author = {Puppe, Daniel and Wanner, Manfred and Sommer, Michael}, title = {Data on euglyphid testate amoeba densities, corresponding protozoic silicon pools, and selected soil parameters of initial and forested biogeosystems}, series = {Data in Brief}, volume = {21}, journal = {Data in Brief}, issn = {2352-3409}, pages = {1697 -- 1703}, language = {en} } @misc{WannerBirkhoferFischeretal., author = {Wanner, Manfred and Birkhofer, Klaus and Fischer, Thomas and Shimizu, Miki and Shimano, Satoshi D. and Puppe, Daniel}, title = {Soil Testate Amoebae and Diatoms as Bioindicators of an Old Heavy Metal Contaminated Floodplain in Japan}, series = {Microbial Ecology}, volume = {79}, journal = {Microbial Ecology}, number = {1}, issn = {1432-184X}, doi = {10.1007/s00248-019- 01383-x}, pages = {123 -- 133}, language = {en} } @misc{PhillipsGuerraBartzetal., author = {Phillips, Helen R. P. and Guerra, Carlos A. and Bartz, Marie L. C. and Briones, Maria J. I. and Brown, George and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Global distribution of earthworm diversity}, series = {Science}, volume = {Vol. 366}, journal = {Science}, number = {6464}, issn = {1095-9203}, doi = {10.1126/science.aax4851}, pages = {480 -- 485}, language = {en} } @misc{GarciadelaRivaGodoyCastro‐Diezetal., author = {Garcia de la Riva, Enrique and Godoy, Oscar and Castro-D{\´i}ez, Pilar and Guti{\´e}rrez-C{\´a}novas, Cayetano and Vil{\`a}, Montserrat}, title = {Functional and phylogenetic consequences of plant invasion for coastal native communities}, series = {Journal of Vegetation Science}, volume = {30}, journal = {Journal of Vegetation Science}, number = {3}, issn = {1654-1103}, doi = {10.1111/jvs.12748}, pages = {510 -- 520}, language = {en} } @misc{GarciadelaRivaPrietoVillar, author = {Garcia de la Riva, Enrique and Prieto, Iv{\´a}n and Villar, Rafael}, title = {The leaf economic spectrum drives leaf litter decomposition in Mediterranean forests}, series = {Plant and Soil}, volume = {435}, journal = {Plant and Soil}, number = {1-2}, issn = {0032-079X}, doi = {10.1007/s11104-018-3883-3}, pages = {353 -- 366}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Leaf litter decomposition is an important process controlling nutrient cycling in most terrestrial ecosystems. We evaluated the relationships among traits of green leaves and decomposition rates of leaf litter (k) at different environmental scales and organisational levels (species and community). We also assessed the relationships at community level between k and the Leaf Economic Spectrum (LES) and between k and different soil variables. METHODS: We measured leaf traits in 38 woody species distributed in nine sampling sites along a topographic gradient in southern Spain. Leaf litter was collected for each species in each sampling site and incubated in a microcosm experiment with soil collected from the top 20 cm of each site. RESULTS: We found positive relationships between k and specific leaf area (SLA), leaf N, K and P and negative relationships with leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and leaf C isotopic composition (δ¹³C), both at species and community levels. Decomposability was positively related with the first PCA axis describing the LES and the relationships were consistent across all sites and within different zones or topographic positions. In addition, community weighted mean values of leaf traits (LESCWM) were stronger predictors of litter decomposition than soil variables. CONCLUSIONS: A major finding of the present study is the main role that leaf traits, and the covariation among them (LES), play on decomposition process in Mediterranean ecosystems both at the species and community levels. In summary, our results support the idea that the suites of leaf traits have a strong control on the pace of C cycling, being the best drivers of decomposition processes under similar climatic conditions.}, language = {en} } @misc{RodriguezCalcerradaSalomonGordalizaetal., author = {Rodr{\´i}guez-Calcerrada, Jes{\´u}s and Salom{\´o}n, Roberto L. and Gordaliza, Guillermo G. and Miranda, Jos{\´e} C. and Garcia de la Riva, Enrique and Gil, Luis}, title = {Respiratory costs of producing and maintaining stem biomass in eight co-occurring tree species}, series = {Tree Physiology}, volume = {39}, journal = {Tree Physiology}, number = {11}, issn = {1568-2544}, doi = {10.1093/treephys/tpz069}, pages = {1838 -- 1854}, language = {en} } @misc{GarciadelaRivaVillarPerezRamosetal., author = {Garcia de la Riva, Enrique and Villar, Rafael and P{\´e}rez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel and Quero, Jos{\´e} Luis and Mat{\´i}as, Luis and Poorte, Lourens and Mara{\~n}{\´o}n, Teodoro}, title = {Relationships between leaf mass per area and nutrient concentrations in 98 Mediterranean woody species are determined by phylogeny, habitat and leaf habit}, series = {Trees : Structure and Function}, volume = {32}, journal = {Trees : Structure and Function}, number = {2}, issn = {1432-2285}, doi = {10.1007/s00468-017-1646-z}, pages = {497 -- 510}, abstract = {Leaf structural and nutrient traits are key attributes of plant ecological strategies, as these traits are related to resource-use strategies and plant growth. However, leaf structure and nutrient composition can vary among different habitats, leaf habits or phylogenetic groups. In this study, we measured 13 leaf traits (one structural—leaf mass per area, LMA—and 12 nutrient traits) in 98 Mediterranean woody species growing over a wide range of environmental conditions, with the final aim of discerning the main causes of leaf trait variability. The variance decomposition results show that phylogeny, leaf habit and habitat type affected in several ways the structural and nutrient traits studied. Leaf nutrient concentrations are strongly positively correlated amongst themselves, and negatively correlated with LMA, in accordance with the "leaf economics spectrum". We found that leaf habit and phylogeny were important causes of variation in LMA and in a broad number of leaf nutrients (i.e., C, N, Mg, S, K), while other micronutrients seemed to be more dependent on the environment (i.e., Cu and Mn). In summary, our study reinforces the existence of the leaf economics spectrum in a broad pool of Mediterranean woody species, and demonstrates the strong influence of phylogeny, leaf habit and environmental context as the main drivers of variability in some leaf structural and nutrient traits.}, language = {en} } @misc{GarciadelaRivaMaranonPerezRamosetal., author = {Garcia de la Riva, Enrique and Mara{\~n}{\´o}n, Teodoro and P{\´e}rez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel and Navarro-Fern{\´a}ndez, Carmen M. and Olmo, Manuel and Villar, Rafael}, title = {Root traits across environmental gradients in Mediterraneanwoody communities: are they aligned along the root economicsspectrum?}, series = {Plant and Soil}, journal = {Plant and Soil}, number = {424}, issn = {0032-079X}, doi = {10.1007/s11104-017-3433-4}, pages = {35 -- 48}, abstract = {Background and aimsRoot traits play a critical role inplant resource-use strategies and ecosystem functioning,but there is great controversy regarding their identityand functionality in different dimensions of below-ground functional variation. Here, we explored the levelof covariation among a suite of key root traits (i.e.specific root length, root dry matter content, diameterand density) as well as between them and two above-ground traits related with plant function (leaf nutrientconcentration and specific leaf area). We also evaluatedwhether these patterns of trait covariation were consis-tent at different spatial scales and organisational levels.MethodsWe collected fine root (< 2 mm) samples of 534individuals (of 80 woody species) along a wide regionalrange of environmental conditions in southern Spain.}, language = {en} } @misc{GarciadelaRivaViollePerezRamosetal., author = {Garcia de la Riva, Enrique and Violle, Cyrille and P{\´e}rez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel and Mara{\~n}{\´o}n, Teodoro and Navarro-Fern{\´a}ndez, Carmen M. and Olmo, Manuel and Villar, Rafael}, title = {A Multidimensional Functional Trait Approach Reveals the Imprint of Environmental Stress in Mediterranean Woody Communities}, series = {Ecosystems}, volume = {21}, journal = {Ecosystems}, number = {2}, issn = {1435-0629}, doi = {10.1007/s10021-017-0147-7}, pages = {248 -- 262}, language = {en} } @misc{GarciadelaRivaArenasVillaretal., author = {Garcia de la Riva, Enrique and Arenas, Maribel and Villar, Rafael and Garcia-Oliva, Felipe and Oyama, Ken}, title = {El papel de la evapotranspiraci{\´o}n en la distribuci{\´o}n funcional foliar de 28 especies del g{\´e}nero Quercus de Espa{\~n}a y M{\´e}xico}, series = {Ecosistemas}, volume = {28}, journal = {Ecosistemas}, number = {3}, issn = {1697-2473}, pages = {199 -- 207}, abstract = {El g{\´e}nero Quercus constituye el grupo de especies le{\~n}osas m{\´a}s importante del hemisferio norte, con una amplia distribuci{\´o}n tanto en Espa{\~n}a como en M{\´e}xico. El estudio de sus rasgos funcionales nos permite conocer su grado de diversificaci{\´o}n y su adaptaci{\´o}n al medio, as{\´i} como las limitaciones morfol{\´o}gicas y fisiol{\´o}gicas que restringen su evoluci{\´o}n. El principal objetivo del presente estudio es comprender como se segregan los rasgos funcionales foliares dentro del g{\´e}nero Quercus, y que factores determinan dicha segregaci{\´o}n. Para ello hemos medido cinco rasgos foliares en un total de 28 especies del gener{\´o} Quercus de Espa{\~n}a y M{\´e}xico a lo largo de un gradiente de evapotranspiraci{\´o}n potencial. Nuestros resultados muestran dos dimensiones independientes de variaci{\´o}n funcional foliar: por un lado, las especies se distribuyen de acuerdo con el espectro de econom{\´i}a foliar a lo largo del gradiente de humedad ed{\´a}fica, encontr{\´a}ndose las especies m{\´a}s conservativas en el uso de recursos en regiones con mayor evapotranspiraci{\´o}n potencial y las especies m{\´a}s adquisitivas en zonas con menor evapotranspiraci{\´o}n. Por otro lado, el tama{\~n}o foliar esta principalmente condicionado por el origen geogr{\´a}fico de las especies. Estos resultados sugieren que las variaciones evolutivas dentro de un mismo linaje est{\´a}n asociadas a la variaci{\´o}n coordinada de sus rasgos, siendo la humedad un factor clave en la variaci{\´o}n funcional del g{\´e}nero Quercus. Adem{\´a}s, destacar que no se aprecia relaci{\´o}n entre la longevidad foliar y el espectro de econom{\´i}a foliar, lo cual podr{\´i}a deberse a que la historia evolutiva del h{\´a}bito foliar en los robles de ambos pa{\´i}ses ha sido diferente.}, language = {es} } @misc{WannerBirkhoferPuppeetal., author = {Wanner, Manfred and Birkhofer, Klaus and Puppe, Daniel and Shimano, Satoshi D. and Shimizu, Miki}, title = {Tolerance of testate amoeba species to rising sea levels under laboratory conditions and in the South Pacific}, series = {Pedobiologia}, volume = {79}, journal = {Pedobiologia}, issn = {0031-4056}, pages = {8}, language = {en} } @misc{TschumiBirkhoferBlasiussonetal., author = {Tschumi, Matthias and Birkhofer, Klaus and Blasiusson, Sandra and J{\"o}rgensen, Martin and Smith, Henrik G. and Ekroos, Johan}, title = {Woody elements benefit bird diversity to a larger extent thansemi-natural grasslands in cereal-dominated landscapes}, series = {Basic and Applied Ecology}, volume = {46}, journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology}, issn = {1439-1791}, doi = {10.1016/j.baae.2020.03.005}, pages = {15 -- 23}, abstract = {Increasing landscape complexity can mitigate negative effects of agricultural intensification on biodiversity by offeringresources complementary to those provided in arablefields. In particular, grazed semi-natural grasslands and woody elementssupport farmland birds, but little is known about their relative effects on bird diversity and community composition. In addition,the relative importance of local habitat versus landscape composition remains unclear. We investigated how the presence ofsemi-natural grasslands, the number of woody elements and the composition of the wider agricultural landscape affect bird spe-cies richness, true diversity (exponential Shannon diversity) and species composition. Bird communities were surveyed fourtimes on 16 paired transects of 250 m each with 8 transects placed between a cropfield and a semi-natural grassland and 8transects between two cropfields with no semi-natural grasslands in the vicinity. The number of woody elements around trans-ects was selected as an important predictor in all models, having a positive effect on species richness and true diversity, whilethe local presence of semi-natural grasslands was not selected in the best models. However, species richness and true diversityincreased with increasing cover of ley and semi-natural grasslands, whereas species composition was modified by the coverageof winter wheat at the landscape scale. Furthermore, bird species richness, true diversity and species composition differedbetween sampling dates. As bird diversity benefited from woody elements, rather than from the local presence of semi-naturalgrasslands as such, it is important to maintain woody structures in farmland. However, the positive effect of grassland at thelandscape scale highlights the importance of habitat variability at multiple scales. Because species richness and true diversitywere affected by different landscape components compared to species composition, a mosaic of land-use types is needed toachieve multiple conservation goals across agricultural landscapes.}, language = {en} } @misc{TlusteBroeringNěmecetal., author = {Tluste, Claudia and Br{\"o}ring, Udo and Němec, Tom{\´a}š and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Morphometric traits of shells determine utilization marks in the Roman Snail in eastern Germany}, series = {Web Ecology}, volume = {20}, journal = {Web Ecology}, number = {2}, issn = {1399-1183}, doi = {10.5194/we-20-87-2020}, pages = {87 -- 94}, abstract = {Overexploitation, habitat destruction and a changing climate threaten populations of the Roman snail(Helix pomatiaLinnaeus, 1758), which has led to a high protection status in Germany. Vertebrate and inver-tebrate predators, including parasites and facultative parasitoids, further cause pressure on populations. Giventhe conservation concern forH. pomatiaand its rarity in the study region (Cottbus, Germany), we studied howpredators and facultative parasitoids utilizeH. pomatiashells with a focus on non-invasive field methods. As pre-vious studies indicated that shell size may affect prey selection by predators, morphometric traits were measuredin eight subpopulations. We identified the total number and percentage ofH. pomatiashells that showed externalattack marks by predators and internal utilization marks by Diptera pupae and related those utilization patternsto the morphometric traits of shells. A large proportion of the shells in local subpopulations showed signs ofexternal attack and internal utilization, and both utilization forms were positively correlated. External attacks bypredators were more frequent in larger shells and internal utilization by Diptera was more common in shells withhigher body density. These results suggest a considerable pressure by predators and potential facultative para-sitoids onH. pomatiapopulations in the study area. Future research should focus on the relationship betweensnails from the family Helicidae and flies from the genusDiscomyza. Conservation programmes should considerabiotic habitat conditions together with potential trophic interactions to maximize the success of conservationstrategies}, language = {en} } @misc{SamwaysBartonBirkhoferetal., author = {Samways, Michael J. and Barton, Philip S. and Birkhofer, Klaus and Chichorro, Filipe and Deacon, Charl and Fartmann, Thomas and Fukushima, Caroline S.}, title = {Solutions for humanity on how to conserve insects}, series = {Biological Conservation}, volume = {242}, journal = {Biological Conservation}, issn = {0006-3207}, doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108427}, pages = {15}, abstract = {The fate of humans and insects intertwine, especially through the medium of plants. Global environmentalchange, including land transformation and contamination, is causing concerning insect diversity loss, articulatedin the companion reviewScientists'warning to humanity on insect extinctions. Yet, despite a sound philosophical foundation, recognized ethical values, and scientific evidence, globally we are performing poorly at instigatingeffective insect conservation. As insects are a major component of the tapestry of life, insect conservation woulddo well to integrate better with overall biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. This also in-volves popularizing insects, especially through use of iconic species, through more media coverage, and moreinclusive education. Insect conservationists need to liaise better with decision makers, stakeholders, and landmanagers, especially at the conceptually familiar scale of the landscape. Enough evidence is now available, andsynthesized here, which illustrates that multiple strategies work at local levels towards saving insects. We nowneed to expand these locally-crafted strategies globally. Tangible actions include ensuring maintenance of bioticcomplexity, especially through improving temporal and spatial heterogeneity, functional connectivity, andmetapopulation dynamics, while maintaining unique habitats, across landscape mosaics, as well as instigatingbetter communication. Key is to have more expansive sustainable agriculture and forestry, improved regulationand prevention of environmental risks, and greater recognition of protected areas alongside agro-ecology innovel landscapes. Future-proofing insect diversity is now critical, with the benefits far reaching, includingcontinued provision of valuable ecosystem services and the conservation of a rich and impressive component ofEarth's biodiversity.}, language = {en} } @misc{SaitoKoizumiSakaietal., author = {Saito, Ryota and Koizumi, Ryota and Sakai, Tatsuya and Shimizu, Taiga and Ono, Taiki and Wanner, Manfred and Takyu, Toshio and Tanaka, Toshihiko and Sogame, Yoichiro}, title = {Recovery of proliferative capability in gamma irradiated Colpoda cucullus (ciliated protist) resting cysts and its radiation hormesis}, series = {Protistology}, volume = {14}, journal = {Protistology}, number = {3}, issn = {1680-0826}, doi = {10.4467/16890027AP.19.006.10837}, pages = {160 -- 171}, abstract = {The resting cyst is one of the quietest life stages (i.e. cryptobiosis) with hardly measurable or even ceased metabolic activity. However, are the resting cysts just resting? Here, to our knowledge, we report for the first time radiation hormesis in resting cysts. In the present study, we focused on the proliferative capability of excysted cells from 500-4000 Gy-gamma-irradiated Colpoda cucullus resting cysts by a bioassay method. Generally, excysted cells from irradiated cysts lose their proliferative capability. However, we observed an increased proliferative capability promoted by low doses of irradiation. Cells, which had excysted from 500-Gy-irradiated cysts, restored their proliferation capability with a recovery period of 12 h and 24 h before excysting. Additionally, cells, which had excysted from 500-4000-Gy irradiated cysts, recovered proliferative capability by re-forming resting cysts. Here, the proliferative capability of excysted cells from 500-Gy-irradiated cysts was even higher than that of non-irradiated.}, language = {en} } @misc{AguileraRoslinMilleretal., author = {Aguilera, Guillermo and Roslin, Tomas and Miller, Kirsten and Tamburini, Giovanni and Birkhofer, Klaus and Caballero-Lopez, Berta and Lindstr{\"o}m, Sandra Ann-Marie and {\"O}ckinger, Erik and Rundl{\"o}f, Maj and Rusch, Adrien and Smith, Henrik G. and Bommarco, Riccardo}, title = {Crop diversity benefits carabid and pollinator communities in landscapes with semi-natural habitats}, series = {Journal of Applied Ecology}, volume = {57}, journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology}, number = {11}, issn = {1365-2664}, doi = {10.1111/1365-2664.13712}, pages = {2170 -- 2179}, abstract = {1.In agricultural landscapes, arthropods provide essential ecosystem services such as biological pest control and pollination. Intensified crop management practices and homogenization of landscapes have led to declines among such organisms. Semi-natural habitats, associated with high numbers of these organisms, are increasingly lost from agricultural landscapes but diversification by increasing crop diversity has been proposed as a way to reverse observed arthropod declines and thus restore ecosystem services. However, whether or not an increase in the diversity of crop types within a landscape promotes diversity and abundances of pollinating and predaceous arthropods, and how semi-natural habitats might modify this relationship, are not well understood. 2. To test how crop diversity and the proportion of semi-natural habitats within a landscape are related to the diversity and abundance of beneficial arthropod communities, we collected primary data from seven studies focusing on natural enemies (carabids and spiders) and pollinators (bees and hoverflies) from 154 crop fields in Southern Sweden between 2007 and 2017. 3. Crop diversity within a 1-km radius around each field was positively related to the Shannon diversity index of carabid and pollinator communities in landscapes rich in semi-natural habitats. Abundances were mainly affected by the proportion of semi-natural habitats in the landscape, with decreasing carabid and increasing pollinator numbers as the proportion of this habitat type increased. Spiders showed no response to either crop diversity or the proportion of semi-natural habitats. 4. Synthesis and applications. We show that the joint effort of preserving semi-natural habitats and promoting crop diversity in agricultural landscapes is necessary to enhance communities of natural enemies and pollinators. Our results suggest that increasing the diversity of crop types can contribute to the conservation of service-providing arthropod communities, particularly if the diversification of crops targets complex landscapes with a high proportion of semi-natural habitats.}, language = {en} } @misc{CardosoBartonBirkhoferetal., author = {Cardoso, Pedro and Barton, Philip S. and Birkhofer, Klaus and Chichorro, Filipe and Deacon, Charl and Fartmann, Thomas and Fukushima, Caroline S. and Gaigher, Ren{\´e} and Habel, Jan C.}, title = {Scientists' warning to humanity on insect extinctions}, series = {Biological Conservation}, journal = {Biological Conservation}, number = {242}, doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108426}, pages = {12}, abstract = {Here we build on the manifesto'World Scientists'Warning to Humanity, issued by the Alliance of WorldScientists. As a group of conservation biologists deeply concerned about the decline of insect populations, wehere review what we know about the drivers of insect extinctions, their consequences, and how extinctions cannegatively impact humanity.We are causing insect extinctions by driving habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation, use of polluting andharmful substances, the spread of invasive species, global climate change, direct overexploitation, and co-ex-tinction of species dependent on other species.With insect extinctions, we lose much more than species. We lose abundance and biomass of insects, diversityacross space and time with consequent homogenization, large parts of the tree of life, unique ecological functionsand traits, and fundamental parts of extensive networks of biotic interactions. Such losses lead to the decline ofkey ecosystem services on which humanity depends. From pollination and decomposition, to being resources fornew medicines, habitat quality indication and many others, insects provide essential and irreplaceable services.We appeal for urgent action to close key knowledge gaps and curb insect extinctions. An investment in research programs that generate local, regional and global strategies that counter this trend is essential. Solutions areavailable and implementable, but urgent action is needed now to match our intentions.}, language = {en} } @misc{ArvidssonAddisonAddisonetal., author = {Arvidsson, Fredrik and Addison, Pia and Addison, Matthew F. and Haddad, C. R. and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Weed species, not mulching, affect web-building spiders and their prey in organic fruit orchards in South Africa}, series = {Ecosphere}, volume = {11}, journal = {Ecosphere}, number = {3}, pages = {14}, abstract = {Weed infestation affects economically relevant orchard properties, including tree performance, yield, and fruit quality negatively, and weeds are therefore often controlled by herbicide application in con- ventional farming. The addition of organic mulch below tree canopies has been proposed as an alternative reliable practice to suppress weeds and preserve soil moisture in organic farming. Mulching, however, may also affect arthropod pest and natural enemy populations, which highlights the need for simultane- ously assessing weed, natural enemy, and animal pest communities in mulch experiments. This study addresses the limited knowledge about nonchemical ground cover management strategies for the control of plant and animal pests in orchards as a major constraint for organic growers. Here, we hypothesize that decisions about ground cover management practices in organic temperate fruit orchards affect the composition of web-building spider communities and their functional role as natural enemies of pest arthropods through effects on weed and insect pest communities. We studied weed, prey, and spider communities, as well as spider diet composition, in four temperate fruit types (apricot, peach, plum, and quince) on a single farm in the Western Cape, South Africa. We established experimental plots with and without addition of dead organic mulch under fruit tree canopies. Addition of organic mulch did not signicantly affect weed cover under trees or the taxonomic composition of weed or spider communities over the eight-month study period. However, independent of mulching, the taxonomic composition of weed communities was signicantly related to the composition of potential prey and spider communities. These relationships indirectly affected the prey composition of web-building spiders. These results suggest that the identity of weed species in the study orchards had a pronounced effect on the diet composition and functional role of web-building spiders. Future research should focus on the value of individual plant species for the promotion of pest control services provided by spiders across larger spatial scales and with higher levels of replication to allow for wider generalizations. The expected results would not only be relevant for weed control but could also be considered during the development of future fower strips in orchards.}, language = {en} } @misc{AokiSogameWanneretal., author = {Aoki, Yoshiyuki and Sogame, Yoichiro and Wanner, Manfred and Mazei, Yuri and Shimano, Satoshi D.}, title = {A new testate amoeba, Matsakision ogawaraensis sp. nov. (Silicofilosea: Incertae sedis Euglyphida) from lake shore sand of northern Japan}, series = {Acta Protozoologica}, volume = {59}, journal = {Acta Protozoologica}, number = {2}, issn = {1689-0027}, doi = {10.4467/16890027AP.20.008.12676}, pages = {99 -- 105}, abstract = {A new species of a testate amoeba, Matsakision ogawaraensis sp. nov., is described from Ogawara pond, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. This is the third species in the genus Matsakision. Matsakision ogawaraensis sp. nov. is distinguished from two other species by the specific form of the shell in apertural view, which is triangular (the shells of other species are circular or elliptic). In addition, it has a chitinous lip around the aperture. For the first time, long needle-like pseudopodia have been observed.}, language = {en} } @misc{MichalkoBirkhofer, author = {Michalko, Radek and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Habitat niches suggest that non-crop habitat types differ in quality as source habitats for Central European agrobiont spiders}, series = {Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment}, volume = {308}, journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment}, issn = {0167-8809}, doi = {10.1016/j.agee.2020.107248}, pages = {9}, language = {en} } @incollection{MaranonPerezRamosVillaretal., author = {Mara{\~n}{\´o}n, Teodoro and P{\´e}rez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel and Villar, Rafael and Ac{\´a}cio, Vanda and Aranda, Ismael and Camarero, Jes{\´u}s Julio and Garcia de la Riva, Enrique and Dom{\´i}nguez, Mar{\´i}a Teresa}, title = {Iberian oaks coping with global change: Ecological processes and management strategies}, series = {Quercus: Classification, Ecology and Uses}, booktitle = {Quercus: Classification, Ecology and Uses}, editor = {Steffensen, Bent J.}, publisher = {New York}, address = {Nova Science Publishers}, isbn = {978-1-53618-026-8}, pages = {1 -- 84}, abstract = {Iberian oak forests and woodlands are vital providing a variety of ecosystem services. They provide raw materials like cork, wood and fuel, and fodder (acorns) for wild and domestic animals. Oak trees provide a climate regulating service by their capacity to sequester carbon and therefore to mitigate the effects of climatic change. There is an increasing demand for cultural services provided by oak woodlands, mainly for recreation and ecotourism. However, some global-change drivers are negatively affecting oak forests, therefore diminishing their ecosystem services and in consequence undermining human well-being. The main drivers affecting Iberian oaks are: land use changes, introduction of exotic pathogens, air and soil pollution deteriorating oak health, and climatic change, in particular the combined reduction of rainfall and the rise in temperature. In this chapter we focus on the ecology of Iberian oaks and how they are affected by global change. Firstly, we introduce a literature overview of the research conducted on Quercus, analysed by species, countries and topics. Secondly, we review the main biological processes related with the oak responses to global change: i) genetic diversity, climatic refuges and adaptation to climatic change; ii) ecophysiological responses to stress and disturbance, functional diversity, growth patterns, and scaling up from leaf to ecosystem; iii) demographic responses, causes of regeneration failures, spatial patterns of recruitment, drivers of decline and dieback. Thirdly, we review the management strategies in three case studies: the agro-silvo-pastoral systems (dehesas and montados), the cork oak woodlands, and the afforestation of a polluted-land for phytostabilization of contaminants.}, language = {en} } @misc{LoweWolffAcevesAparicioetal., author = {Lowe, Elizabeth C. and Wolff, Jonas O. and Aceves-Aparicio, Alfonso and Birkhofer, Klaus and Branco, Vasco V.}, title = {Towards establishment of a centralized spider traits database}, series = {The Journal of Arachnology}, volume = {48}, journal = {The Journal of Arachnology}, number = {2}, issn = {0161-8202}, doi = {10.1636/0161-8202-48.2.103}, pages = {103 -- 109}, abstract = {A main goal of ecological and evolutionary biology is understanding and predicting interactions between populations and both abiotic and biotic environments, the spatial and temporal variation of these interactions, and the effects on population dynamics and performance. Trait-based approaches can help to model these interactions and generate a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem functioning. A central tool is the collation of databases that include species trait information. Such centralized databases have been set up for a number of organismal groups but is lacking for one of the most important groups of predators in terrestrial ecosystems - spiders. Here we promote the collation of an open spider traits database, integrated into the global Open Traits Network. We explore the current collation of spider data and cover the logistics of setting up a global database, including which traits to include, the source of data, how to input data, database governance, geographic cover, accessibility, quality control and how to make the database sustainable long-term. Finally, we explore the scope of research questions that could be investigated using a global spider traits database.}, language = {en} } @misc{KundelBodenhausenBrachtJorgensenetal., author = {Kundel, Dominika and Bodenhausen, Natacha and Bracht J{\o}rgensen, Helene and Truu, Jaak and Birkhofer, Klaus and Hedlund, Katarina and M{\"a}der, Paul and Fliessbach, Andreas}, title = {Effects of simulated drought on biological soil quality, microbial diversity and yields under long-term conventional and organic agriculture}, series = {FEMS Microbiology Ecology}, volume = {96}, journal = {FEMS Microbiology Ecology}, number = {12}, issn = {1574-6941}, doi = {doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa205}, pages = {12}, abstract = {Drought and agricultural management influence soil microorganisms with unknown consequences for the functioning ofagroecosystems. We simulated drought periods in organic (biodynamic) and conventional wheat fields and monitoredeffects on soil water content, microorganisms and crops. Above the wilting point, water content and microbial respirationwere higher under biodynamic than conventional farming. Highest bacterial and fungal abundances were found inbiodynamically managed soils, and distinct microbial communities characterised the farming systems. Most biological soilquality parameters and crop yields were only marginally affected by the experimental drought, except for arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which increased in abundance under the experimental drought in both farming systems. AMFwere further strongly promoted by biodynamic farming resulting in almost three times higher AMF abundance underexperimental drought in the biodynamic compared with the conventional farming system. Our data suggest an improvedwater storage capacity under biodynamic farming and confirms positive effects of biodynamic farming on biological soilquality. The interactive effects of the farming system and drought may further be investigated under more substantialdroughts. Given the importance of AMF for the plant's water supply, more in-depth studies on AMF may help to clarify theirrole for yields under conditions predicted by future climate scenarios.}, language = {en} } @misc{GalanDiazGarciadelaRivaFunketal., author = {Gal{\´a}n D{\´i}az, Javier and Garcia de la Riva, Enrique and Funk, Jennifer L. and Vil{\`a}, Montserrat}, title = {Functional segregation of resource-use strategies of native and invasive plants across Mediterranean biome communities}, series = {Biological Invasions}, volume = {23}, journal = {Biological Invasions}, number = {1}, issn = {1573-1464}, doi = {10.1007/s10530-020-02368-5}, pages = {253 -- 266}, abstract = {Functional segregation among species in a community depends on their mean trait values (i.e. functional distinctiveness), and the range of trait attributes exhibited by each species (i.e. functional diversity). Previous evidence suggests that invasive plants tend to display traits related to a more acquisitive resource-use strategy than natives. However, the contribution of intraspecific trait variation to functional diversity has received little attention in community ecology, and might provide interesting information about community processes. In this study, we used eight plant traits related to carbon and nutrient acquisition of coexisting dominant native and invasive plants in eight communities across the Mediterranean-climate biome to determine sources of functional segregation between native and invasive species. We found three major axes of functional variation, related to leaf economics, resource-use efficiency, and plant height. Invasive species across communities had leaf traits related to an acquisitive resource-use strategy in contrast to native species, whereas differences in the second and third axes were community dependent. Invasive species were more functionally diverse than native species across the dataset and in four out of the eight communities. Intraspecific variance accounted for 11\%-27\% of total trait variation and was on average greater in invasive species, and especially important in the axis related to resource use efficiency. These results, although dependent on the trait and community considered, offer interesting insights to the sources of functional trait diversity of native and invasive species within communities, indicating that intraspecific variation might not be equally distributed between native and invasive species.}, language = {en} } @misc{DampteyBirkhoferNsiahetal., author = {Damptey, Frederick Gyasi and Birkhofer, Klaus and Nsiah, Paul Kofi and Garcia de la Riva, Enrique}, title = {Soil properties and biomass attributes in a former gravel mine area after two decades of forest restoration}, series = {Land}, volume = {9}, journal = {Land}, number = {6}, issn = {2073-445X}, doi = {10.3390/land9060209}, pages = {18}, abstract = {The ongoing global deforestation resulting from anthropogenic activities such as unsustainable agriculture and surface mining threatens biodiversity and decreases both soil carbon and above-ground biomass stocks. In this study, we assessed soil properties and below- and above-ground biomass attributes in a restored former gravel mine area in Ghana two decades after active restoration with potted plants and fresh topsoil. We compared conditions to four alternative land-use types (unrestored abandoned gravel mine, arable land, semi-natural forest, and natural forest) representing pre- and post-disturbance as well as natural reference states. We hypothesized that soil properties and related levels of below- and above-ground biomass in the restored area share similarities with the natural reference systems and thereby are indicative of a trajectory towards successful restoration. Eight replicated subareas in each land-use type were assessed for a set of soil parameters as well as below- and above-ground biomass attributes. The soil properties characteristic for the restored area differed significantly from pre-restoration stages, such as the abandoned gravel site, but did not differ significantly from properties in the natural forest (except for bulk density and base saturation). Above-ground biomass was lower in the restored area in comparison to the reference natural forests, while differences were not significant for below-ground biomass. Silt and effective cation exchange capacity were closely related to above-ground biomass, while below-ground biomass was related to soil organic carbon, bulk density, and potassium concentration in soils. Our results suggest that major steps towards successful restoration can be accomplished within a relatively short period, without the wholesale application of topsoil. Improving soil conditions is a vital tool for the successful development of extensive vegetation cover after surface mining, which also affects carbon sequestration by both above- and below-ground biomass. We emphasize that the use of reference systems provides critical information for the monitoring of ecosystem development towards an expected future state of the restored area.}, language = {en} } @misc{Birkhofer, author = {Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Samways, Michael J. : Insect conservation: a global synthesis}, series = {Basic and Applied Ecology}, volume = {46}, journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology}, publisher = {Springer}, issn = {1439-1791}, doi = {10.1016/j.baae.2020.04.001}, pages = {1}, language = {en} } @misc{NěmecLiznarovaBirkhoferetal., author = {Němec, Tom{\´a}š and L{\´i}znarov{\´a}, E. and Birkhofer, Klaus and Hors{\´a}k, M.}, title = {Stable isotope analysis as a method to investigate land-snail food partitioning: a case study from Central European floodplain forest}, series = {Journal of Zoology}, volume = {313}, journal = {Journal of Zoology}, number = {4}, issn = {1469-7998}, doi = {10.1111/jzo.12859}, pages = {297 -- 306}, abstract = {Land snails are abundant invertebrates in many terrestrial ecosystems, playing an essential role in food webs and nutrient cycling. Although snails are commonly considered general grazers with a strong tendency to omnivory, their foraging strategy is well documented only for a few species. Virtually no data exist on trophic niche partitioning within snail assemblages. To fill this gap, we analyzed naturally occurring stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N), an approach widely applied in ecological research, but only rarely in terrestrial snail studies. We collected ten individuals of the dominant co-occurring land snails (i.e., Aegopinella nitidula, Fruticicola fruticum, Oxyloma elegans, Succinea putris, Trochulus villosulus and Zonitoides nitidus) in a floodplain forest floor, along with their potential food sources and other invertebrates. All species, except for A. nitidula, showed high intraspecific variation in isotope signatures, indicating their opportunistic feeding behavior. Such a high intraspecific variation combined with the active movement range of all the species allows switching between food sources based on their accessibility. We observed that the trophic niches of the studied species highly overlapped, except for Z. nitidus. This suggests that trophic niche compartmentalization among co-occurring species does not seem to be the mechanism to avoid competition for food. Virtually unlimited resources for snail food are assumed to explain the coexistence of many species in high-density populations. Our results add to this concept of assembly rules in snail species by the finding of highly variable and overlapping trophic niches among the majority of the studied species.}, language = {en} } @misc{GalanDiazGarciadelaRivaParkeretal., author = {Gal{\´a}n D{\´i}az, Javier and Garcia de la Riva, Enrique and Parker, Ingrid M. and Leiva, Mar{\´i}a Jos{\´e} and Bernardo-Madrid, Rub{\´e}n and Vil{\`a}, Montserrat}, title = {Plant Community Assembly in Invaded Recipient Californian Grasslands and Putative Donor Grasslands in Spain}, series = {Diversity}, volume = {12}, journal = {Diversity}, number = {5}, issn = {1424-2818}, doi = {10.3390/d12050193}, abstract = {The introduction of exotic species to new regions offers opportunities to test fundamental questions in ecology, such as the context-dependency of community structure and assembly. Annual grasslands provide a model system of a major unidirectional introduction of plant species from Europe to North America. We compared the community structure of grasslands in two Mediterranean regions by surveying plots in Spain and in California with similar environmental and management conditions. All species found in Spanish grasslands were native to Spain, and over half of them (74 of 139 species) are known to have colonized California. In contrast, in California, over half of the species (52 of 95 species) were exotic species, all of them native to Spain. Nineteen species were found in multiple plots in both regions (i.e., shared species). The abundance of shared species in California was either similar to (13 species) or greater than (6 species) in Spain. In California, plants considered pests were more likely than non-pest species to have higher abundance. Co-occurring shared species tended to maintain their relative abundance in native and introduced communities, which indicates that pools of exotic species might assemble similarly at home and away. These findings provide interesting insights into community assembly in novel ecosystems. They also highlight an example of startling global and local floristic homogenization.}, language = {en} }