@misc{SeitzVeste, author = {Seitz, Steffen and Veste, Maik}, title = {Bryophyte-lichens dominated biological soil crusts affect soils and ecohydrology in temperate forests in Germany}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria \& Online | 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria \& Online | 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-12352}, abstract = {Forest dieback can be both a consequence and a cause of climate change. The changing climate does not only lead to temperature increases but also changes in the precipitation regime. Extreme events have increased sharply in recent years, making drought and heat waves ubiquitous. Meanwhile, for temperate forests, drought stress is considered one of the most serious impacts of climate change. In this context, forest soils are of great importance in their hydrological functions, as well as their feedbacks with ground vegetation. In this context, biological soil crusts are key drivers of functional processes and ecosystem development, also under forest, where they have been less studied so far. Bryophyte and lichen dominated communities can importantly affect e.g. water storage and discharge as well as soil development and stabilization. Moreover, they contribute to carbon and nitrogen cycling and play an important role in biogeochemical processes. Their species composition depends on soil properties such as texture and pH, on microclimate and as poikilohydric plants, their ecophysiology is strongly dependent on water availability, differing in time and space.}, language = {en} } @misc{MajauraBoehmFreese, author = {Majaura, Marie and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Effects of agroforestry systems on microclimate and water availability as determinants for sustainable soil productivity}, series = {4th World Congress on Agroforestry : 20-22 May 2019, Le Corum, Montpellier, France, Book of Abstracts}, journal = {4th World Congress on Agroforestry : 20-22 May 2019, Le Corum, Montpellier, France, Book of Abstracts}, pages = {669}, abstract = {Recent studies have shown that hedgerows in short rotation alley cropping systems (SRACS) can improve the microclimate in adjacent crop alleys through, e.g., a reduction of daytime temperature, wind speed and evaporation (Kanzler et al. 2018). Improved microclimatic conditions may positively affect crop yields by increasing the availability of water for the crop. However, studies that examine the interdependencies between microclimate changes caused by hedgerows in SRACS, water availability and crop yields are rare. In a poplar SRACS, we investigate with high spatial and temporal resolution if changes in microclimate affect water availability for two crops and crop yields. For this purpose, we use stationary weather stations installed in a transect and mobile sensors in four strips running parallel to the stationary transect at different distances from tree strips (Fig. 1) and in a monoculture. At all measuring points air temperature, air humidity and Pich{\´e} evaporation will be continuously determined. In addition, wind speed, global radiation and precipitation will be measured at the stationary weather stations. Furthermore, transpiration of crops will be determined at different times close to all microclimate points. Subsequent crop yield sampling will then enable us to determine the degree to which tree strips in ACS influence microclimate and water availability for crops at different distances from tree strips and how these relate to small-scale changes in crop yield.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GerwinRepmann, author = {Gerwin, Werner and Repmann, Frank}, title = {Soil properties of selected marginal lands in Europe - hazard indicators}, series = {European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017 Vienna, Austria, 23-28 April 2017}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017 Vienna, Austria, 23-28 April 2017}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Soils of marginal lands are characterized by a variety of different soil conditions depending on substrate properties, climate influences, the availability or even the excess of water. However, a number of soil properties can be found frequently at marginal sites which can be regarded as main restrictions of marginal lands and which clearly limit the potential of such sites with regard to land use potentials. The Muencheberg Soil Quality Rating Index (SQR) considers the most important soil related factors responsible for these restrictions. Examples are acidification processes, soil compaction and water saturation or salinization. These soil properties are assessed as "soil hazard indicators" and have crucial impact on the overall soil score provided by the SQR concept for soils of marginal sites. This paper gives an overview of the importance of different soil hazard indicators found at case study sites of the H2020 project SEEMLA. These sites are located in Greece, Ukraine and Germany and represent a large variety of different climatic and geological conditions within Europe. Even if the occurrence of the single site limitations depends on regional conditions some generalizations are possible. Based on the respective dominating soil related restrictions a classification of types of marginality and of marginal lands can be derived.}, language = {en} } @misc{MaWeberRaggioQuilezetal., author = {Ma, Yunyao and Weber, Bettina and Raggio Qu{\´i}lez, Jos{\´e} and Colesie, Claudia and Veste, Maik and Bader, Maaike Y. and Porada, Philipp}, title = {Determining key drivers of the annual carbon budget of biocrusts in different climatic zones}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria \& Online | 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria \& Online | 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-3714}, abstract = {Biocrusts are distributed over all climate zones of the world and they substantially contribute to ecosystem functioning. Their growth, determined by their carbon balance, can be affected by various climatic drivers. The effects of individual drivers are clear from laboratory experiments, but the relative importance of different drivers along climatic gradients and their underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Moreover, the effects of seasonal acclimation on the annual carbon balance are not fully understood either. Therefore, we aim at determining the level and variation of annual biocrust carbon balances and their connection to climatic drivers along environmental gradients. In addition, we explore the role that acclimation plays in the carbon balance of biocrusts}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KruemmelbeinRaabBensetal., author = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Raab, Thomas and Bens, Oliver and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Soil physical parameters on a recently established agricultrural recultivation site in Eastern Germany}, series = {ISTRO 18th Triennial Conference Proceedings, June 15-19, 2009, Izmir, Turkey}, booktitle = {ISTRO 18th Triennial Conference Proceedings, June 15-19, 2009, Izmir, Turkey}, pages = {T4-028-01 -- T4-028-04}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BaumannSchneiderHuettl, author = {Baumann, K. and Schneider, Bernd Uwe and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Root distribution and nutrient status of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings growing in a sandy substrate with lignite fragment}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GruenewaldBrandtBens, author = {Gr{\"u}newald, Holger and Brandt, B. F. and Bens, Oliver}, title = {Production of biomass for energy transformation purposes in agroforestry systems}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KanzlerBoehmMircketal., author = {Kanzler, Michael and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Mirck, Jaconette and Schmitt, Dieter and Veste, Maik}, title = {Einfluss agroforstlicher Nutzung auf das Mikroklima, den Ackerfruchtertrag und die potentielle Evaporation}, series = {B{\"a}ume in der Land(wirt)schaft - von der Theorie in die Praxis, Tagungsband mit Beitr{\"a}gen des 5. Forums Agroforstsysteme 30.11. bis 01.12.2016 in Senftenberg (OT Brieske)}, booktitle = {B{\"a}ume in der Land(wirt)schaft - von der Theorie in die Praxis, Tagungsband mit Beitr{\"a}gen des 5. Forums Agroforstsysteme 30.11. bis 01.12.2016 in Senftenberg (OT Brieske)}, editor = {B{\"o}hm, Christian}, publisher = {BTU}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-940471-27-7}, pages = {127 -- 131}, abstract = {Der folgende Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, inwieweit sich mikroklimatische {\"A}nderungen in einem Agroforstsystem (AFS) bedingt durch die Geh{\"o}lzkomponente kleinr{\"a}umig auf die gemessene Evaporation sowie auf die Produktivit{\"a}t von Winterweizen (Triticum aestivum) auswirken. Hierf{\"u}r wurden im Zeitraum von M{\"a}rz bis August 2016 Untersuchungen auf einem ca. 40 ha großen Agroforstschlag und einer angrenzenden, konventionell bewirtschafteten Freifl{\"a}che bei Neu Sacro (Landkreis Spree-Neiße, Brandenburg) durchgef{\"u}hrt. Neben mikroklimatischen Kenngr{\"o}ßen wie der Lufttemperatur, der relativen Luftfeuchte, der Windgeschwindigkeit und der Globalstrahlung wurde auch die Evaporation nach Piche bestimmt. Erg{\"a}nzend wurden Ertragsmessungen zum Kornertrag und Messungen zum Blattfl{\"a}chenindex (LAI) des angebauten Winterweizens durchgef{\"u}hrt. Neben {\"A}nderungen der Tagesminima der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit im Nahbereich der Geh{\"o}lzstreifen wurde eine Reduktion der durchschnittlichen Windgeschwindigkeit von bis zu 51 \% gegen{\"u}ber der Freifl{\"a}che festgestellt. Die Minderung der Evaporation im Vergleich zur Freifl{\"a}che betrug je nach Witterung bzw. N{\"a}he zum Geh{\"o}lzstreifen bis zu 58 \% und wurde dabei maßgeblich durch die Windgeschwindigkeit beeinflusst. R{\"a}umliche Unterschiede ergaben sich auch bez{\"u}glich des Kornertrags sowie beim LAI. So fielen die Kornertr{\"a}ge im Agroforstsystem mit bis zu 9,2 t ha-1 gegen{\"u}ber ca. 7,0 t ha-1 f{\"u}r die Referenzfl{\"a}che {\"u}berwiegend h{\"o}her aus. Mit Ausnahme des Leebereichs in 3 m Entfernung zum Geh{\"o}lzstreifen lagen auch die LAI-Werte des AFS {\"u}ber jenen der angrenzenden Freifl{\"a}che. Diese ersten Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass in AFS durch Geh{\"o}lzstrukturen neben der Windgeschwindigkeit auch die Wasserverdunstung im Bereich der angrenzenden Ackerkulturen gemindert werden kann. Die mikroklimatischen Unterschiede wirkten sich dabei potentiell auch positiv auf das Wachstumsverhalten bzw. den Ertrag des Winterweizens aus. Vor dem Hintergrund einer Verringerung der potentiellen Evaporation und einer hieraus resultierenden h{\"o}heren Wasserverf{\"u}gbarkeit f{\"u}r die Ackerkulturen k{\"o}nnte die agroforstliche Landnutzung zuk{\"u}nftig auch f{\"u}r trockenheitsgef{\"a}hrdete Gebiete Mitteleuropas eine vorteilhafte Anpassungsstrategie des Ackerbaus an den Klimawandel darstellen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KruemmelbeinRaabBensetal., author = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Raab, Thomas and Bens, Oliver and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Development of soil physical parameters on initial landforms - An example from a post-mining recultuivation site in Lusatia, East Germany}, series = {AGU Fall Meeting Suppl.}, booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting Suppl.}, pages = {EP31B-0593}, abstract = {Recultivation efforts in mining areas attempt to regenerate soils and landscapes for various land use options and create initial conditions which are beneficial for the development of the future ecosystems. On very young landforms physical and chemical properties of soils play a major role for the further evolution of the developing ecosystem as well as the landforms itself. Less is known about the very first alterations of physical parameters in accordance to different land uses and recultivation practices. Our study deals with the agricultural recultivation of post lignite mining areas in Lusatia, East Germany. The sandy substrate used for recultivation stems from depths of several meters and is therefore free of recent soil organic matter. The substrate itself is unstructured. After it has been excavated and transported on conveyor belts to the recultivation site, it is piled up to dams of a height of 1-4 m and levelled off with heavy crawlers. During these processes the substrate is subjected to strong mechanical stresses. This practice induces compaction which causes decreasing yields of agricultural crops to a certain extent. In this context we are investigating the effect of different organic soil additives in combination with different recultivation crop rotations on the development of soil structure for improved agricultural land use. Our experimental site has recently been heaped up and levelled off. On the 25 experimental sub areas 2175 undisturbed soil samples were taken out of three soil depths to characterize initial physical properties before any recultivation measures have been applied,. We present laboratory results of this status-quo sampling. The results indicate that the site is very heterogeneous in terms of mechanical stability, bulk density, total pore volume, saturated hydraulic conductivity and air permeability. Moreover, our results show that bulk density is not an appropriate parameter to derive soil functions, e.g. permeability or stability. Additionally we found that even in areas of bulk densities > 1.8 g/cm3 and with an inclination < 2 \% impressive run-off and gully erosion developed during heavy rainfall events. We conclude that initial processes altering soil physical parameters play a major role for the landform evolution within the first 12 months after dumping. Further studies should reveal the mid-term impact of organic additives on the soils after 7 yrs.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{QuinkensteinCarreroBastosFreese, author = {Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Carrero Bastos, Lina Tatiana and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Root distribution of black locust trees in an alley cropping system}, series = {B{\"a}ume in der Land(wirt)schaft - von der Theorie in die Praxis, Tagungsband mit Beitr{\"a}gen des 5. Forums Agroforstsysteme 30.11. bis 01.12.2016 in Senftenberg (OT Brieske)}, booktitle = {B{\"a}ume in der Land(wirt)schaft - von der Theorie in die Praxis, Tagungsband mit Beitr{\"a}gen des 5. Forums Agroforstsysteme 30.11. bis 01.12.2016 in Senftenberg (OT Brieske)}, editor = {B{\"o}hm, Christian}, publisher = {BTU}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-940471-27-7}, pages = {163 -- 167}, abstract = {In a five-year old alley cropping system in Brandenburg, Germany, the extension of the root system of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) trees into the neighbouring agricultural field alleys was investigated. Along transects between the hedgerows and the middle of the neighbouring field alleys, samples were collected at distances of 1.30, 4.3 and 49.3 m to the hedgerow border and for the soil depths 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm by using an auger with a diameter of 8 cm. Roots were separated from the soil by means of washing and sieving. The root samples were then sorted and analysed for root length densities and dry masses. The results indicate a logarithmic decrease of root length densities and root masses of black locust with increasing distance to the trees, although, the number of positive samples was too small to conduct a substantiated statistical analysis. In result, the authors assume that the tree roots did not extend into the agricultural alley for the considered soil depths substantially, but, nevertheless, suggest a modified sampling method or/and the investigation of older tree stands for future studies.}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-27901, title = {Ecological Development and Functioning of Biological Soil Crusts After Natural and Human Disturbances}, editor = {Veste, Maik and Felde, Vincent John Martin Noah Linus and Warren, Steven D. and Pietrasiak, Nicole}, publisher = {Frontiers Media SA}, address = {Lausanne, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-2-88971-255-7}, doi = {10.3389/978-2-88971-255-7}, abstract = {Biological soil crusts (BSCs) develop when various combinations of diminutive cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algae, non-lichenized fungi, lichens, and/or bryophytes occupy the upper few millimeters of the soil and raw material. They can be present in a wide range of ecological, including successional, and climatic conditions when and where disturbance and/or aridity have resulted in opportunities for colonization. However, they are most prevalent in arid, semiarid and polar ecosystems where vascular plant cover and diversity are characteristically low, leaving large areas available for colonization by some combination of the organismal groups mentioned above. The ecological roles of BSCs are numerous and diverse, and include the collection, accumulation and cycling of essential airborne and soil nutrients, redistribution of precipitated water, and soil formation and stabilization.}, language = {de} }