@inproceedings{SesermanVesteFreese, author = {Seserman, Diana-Maria and Veste, Maik and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Optimisation of biomass productivity of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) on marginal lands - a case study in Lower Lusatia, NE Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017 Vienna, Austria, 23-28 April 2017}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017 Vienna, Austria, 23-28 April 2017}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {The profitability of reclaiming post-mining areas depends on the tree biomass productivity and the restoration of ecosystem functions, such as improving soil and water quality. Agroforestry systems, regarded as combined land-use systems of trees and crops, have the ability to facilitate soil development while reducing wind speed, soil erosion and evaporation. Achieving the maximum biomass productivity of the tree stands depends on the corresponding soil conditions and water availability, but is also influenced by stand structure and the competition between individual trees. For this purpose, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) trees were planted in a Nelder design in 2010, on a reclaimed post-mining site of the open-cast lignite mining in Welzow S{\"u}d (Brandenburg, Germany). Black locust is regarded as a drought-adapted tree species and commonly used for the reclamation of former lignite mining sites in Lower Lusatia, Germany. The Nelder design encompasses angles of arc of equal measure and with the same origin traversed by successive circumferences set at a predefined radial distance. Accordingly, a total of 1071 trees were planted in Welzow S{\"u}d at the intersection between 63 spokes and 17 circumferences and at densities ranging from 0.4 to 8.0 m2, with the aim of examining the influence of stand density on the tree growth in a timeframe of six years. In order to evaluate the biomass production of the trees and to determine an optimal planting density on a marginal land, various scenarios were assessed with the help of the Yield-SAFE model, a parameter-sparse process-based agroforestry model. The study revealed the consequences of choosing different tree densities on the tree biomass productivity and water use of trees in relation to the competition for light and water.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GerwinRepmannFreese, author = {Gerwin, Werner and Repmann, Frank and Freese, Dirk}, title = {B{\"o}den marginaler Standorte - eigenschaften, Limitierungen und Potentiale}, series = {Abstracts der DBG Jahrestagung 2017, 02.-07. Sept. 2017, G{\"o}ttingen}, booktitle = {Abstracts der DBG Jahrestagung 2017, 02.-07. Sept. 2017, G{\"o}ttingen}, pages = {V49}, abstract = {Eine zunehmende Knappheit ackerbaulicher Standorte und der zugleich steigende Bedarf an nachwachsenden Rohstoffen f{\"u}r die energetische und stoffliche Nutzung l{\"o}sen verst{\"a}rkt Konflikte zwischen der Nahrungsmittelproduktion und der Biomasseproduktion aus. Marginale Standorte kommen entsprechend immer st{\"a}rker in den Blickpunkt als m{\"o}gliche Erweiterungsfl{\"a}chen f{\"u}r die Biomasseproduktion. In der wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung fehlt allerdings eine eindeutige Definition f{\"u}r derartige marginale Standorte. Gerade im Hinblick auf eine m{\"o}gliche Reduzierung von Nutzungskonflikten ist die Abgrenzung zu stillgelegten, aber agrarisch nutzbaren Standorten oder zu nat{\"u}rlichen Badlands, mit naturschutzfachlichen Potentialen oftmals schwierig. Das EU H2020-Projekt SEEMLA untersucht Potentiale und Verf{\"u}gbarkeit von marginalen Standorten europaweit. In Deutschland, Griechenland und der Ukraine wurden Pilotstandorte eingerichtet, auf denen der Anbau von Bioenergiepflanzen exemplarisch durchgef{\"u}hrt wird. F{\"u}r eine erste Bewertung der Standortspotentiale und auch der Ursachen der Marginalit{\"a}t der Standorte wurden Bodenuntersuchungen an allen Pilotstandorten nach den Vorgaben des Muencheberger Soil Quality Rating-Verfahrens (SQR) (1) durchgef{\"u}hrt und die Standorte klassifiziert. Das SQR-Verfahren bewertet ausgew{\"a}hlte Boden- und Standortseigenschaften und bezieht zus{\"a}tzlich m{\"o}gliche limitierende Faktoren (Hazard Indicators) wie Versauerung, Versalzung, Vern{\"a}ssung etc. mit ein, um eine Gesamtbewertungszahl zur Bodenfruchtbarkeit zu ermitteln. Dieser Beitrag stellt anhand der SEEMLA-Standorte exemplarisch B{\"o}den marginaler Standorte vor. Mit Hilfe der SQR Hazard Indicators werden charakteristische limitierende Faktoren vorgestellt. Es wird zudem versucht, die untersuchten Standorte in eine m{\"o}gliche Klassifikation marginaler Standorte einzupassen und ihre Eignung f{\"u}r die Biomasseproduktion einzusch{\"a}tzen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BoldtBurischNaeth, author = {Boldt-Burisch, Katja and Naeth, M. Anne}, title = {The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on root precision nutrient foraging of two pioneer plant species during early reclamation}, series = {European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017 Vienna, Austria, 23-28 April 2017}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017 Vienna, Austria, 23-28 April 2017}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {On many post mining sites in the Lusatian Mining District (East Germany) soil heterogeneity consists of sandy soil with embedded clay-silt fragments. Those clays silt fragments might act as nutrient hotspots. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in an infertile ecosystem could enhance a plant's ability to selectively forage for those nutrients and thus to improve plants nutrient supply. In our study we investigated whether silt-clay fragments within a sandy soil matrix induced preferential root growth of Lotus corniculatus and Calamagrostis epigeios, whether arbuscular mycorrhizae influenced root foraging patterns, and to what extent selective rooting in clay silt fragments influenced plant growth were addressed in this research. Soil types were sterile and non-sterile sandy soil and clay-silt fragments. Treatments were with and without arbuscular mycorrhizae, with and without soil solution, and soil solution and mycorrhizal inoculum combined. Root biomass, root density and intraradical fungal alkaline phosphatase activity and frequency were determined in fragments relative to sandy soil. Furthermore, temporal relationship of number of roots in fragments and plant height was assessed. Lotus corniculatus showed strong selective rooting into fragments especially with those plants treated with commercial cultivated arbuscular mycorrhizae; Calamagrostis epigeios did not. Without arbuscular mycorrhizae, L. corniculatus growth was significantly reduced and selective rooting did not occur. Selective rooting induced significant growth spurts of L. corniculatus. Roots in fragments had higher fungal alkaline phosphatase activity suggesting that mycorrhizal efficiency and related plants phosphorus supply is enhanced in roots in fragments. The application of cultivated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly and quickly influenced root foraging patterns, especially those of L. corniculatus, suggesting mycorrhizae may also enhance the ability of other plants to selectively forage for nutrients and could therefore play an important role in early plant establishment on infertile reclamation sites.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoehmTsonkovaZehliusEckert, author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Tsonkova, Penka and Zehlius-Eckert, Wolfgang}, title = {Wie k{\"o}nnen Agroforstsysteme praktikabel in das deutsche Agrarf{\"o}rderrecht eingebunden werden?}, series = {B{\"a}ume in der Land(wirt)schaft - von der Theorie in die Praxis, Tagungsband mit Beitr{\"a}gen des 5. Forums Agroforstsysteme 30.11. bis 01.12.2016 in Senftenberg (OT Brieske)}, booktitle = {B{\"a}ume in der Land(wirt)schaft - von der Theorie in die Praxis, Tagungsband mit Beitr{\"a}gen des 5. Forums Agroforstsysteme 30.11. bis 01.12.2016 in Senftenberg (OT Brieske)}, editor = {B{\"o}hm, Christian}, publisher = {BTU}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-940471-27-7}, pages = {7 -- 16}, abstract = {Damit Landwirte Agroforstsysteme verst{\"a}rkt umsetzen, m{\"u}ssen Agroforstfl{\"a}chen mindestens genauso f{\"o}rderberechtigt sein wie konventionelle Ackerfruchtfl{\"a}chen. Bislang finden Agroforstsysteme im deutschen Agrarf{\"o}rderrecht jedoch keine Ber{\"u}cksichtigung. Da die Agroforstwirtschaft eine sehr komplexe Form der Landnutzung ist, muss eindeutig dargelegt werden, unter welchen Bedingungen es sich um Agroforstfl{\"a}chen handelt und wann nicht. Hierf{\"u}r ist eine Definition von Agroforstschl{\"a}gen erforderlich, die den Agrarbeh{\"o}rden eine Kontrollf{\"a}higkeit erm{\"o}glicht. Eine solche Definition, die Geh{\"o}lzkulturen und Ackerkulturen auf einem Schlag vereint, ist bislang nicht mit dem deutschen Agrarf{\"o}rderrecht vereinbar. Dennoch erscheint es sinnvoll und notwendig, dass sich in den Agrarbeh{\"o}rden, vor dem Hintergrund einer verst{\"a}rkt geforderten Multifunktionalit{\"a}t in der Landwirtschaft, mehr und mehr von sektoralen Denkmustern verabschiedet und neuen integrativen Landbausystemen zugewandt wird. Hierzu k{\"o}nnte die agrarf{\"o}rderrechtliche Implementierung von Agroforstsystemen einen wertvollen Beitrag liefern. Der folgende Aufsatz zeigt mit dem Vorschlag f{\"u}r eine Agroforstschlag-Definition einen konkreten L{\"o}sungsansatz f{\"u}r den beh{\"o}rdlichen Umgang mit dieser Bewirtschaftungsform auf.}, language = {de} } @incollection{QuinkensteinTsonkovaFreese, author = {Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Tsonkova, Penka and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Alley Cropping with Short Rotation Coppices in the Temperate Region: A Land-use Strategy for Optimizing Microclimate, Soil Organic Carbon and Ecosystem Service Provision of Agricultural Landscapes}, series = {Agroforestry : anecdotal to modern science}, booktitle = {Agroforestry : anecdotal to modern science}, editor = {Dagar, Jagdish Chander and Tewari, Vindhya Prasad}, publisher = {Springer Nature Singapore}, address = {Singapore}, isbn = {978-981-10-7649-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-981-10-7650-3_10}, pages = {263 -- 297}, language = {en} } @misc{KanzlerBoehmMirck, author = {Kanzler, Michael and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Mirck, Jaconette}, title = {Robinienernte mit dem Forstmulcher}, series = {AFZ-Der Wald}, volume = {72}, journal = {AFZ-Der Wald}, number = {14}, issn = {0936-1294}, pages = {16 -- 18}, abstract = {Im Rekultivierungsbereich des Braunkohletagebaus Welzow-S{\"u}d wurde der Einfluss der Schnitttechnik auf die Biomassequantit{\"a}t, die Stockausschlagf{\"a}higkeit und die Entwicklung von Robinien Wurzelbrut untersucht. F{\"u}r diesen Zweck wurden die Folgen der Holzernte mittels Forstmulcher und Motors{\"a}ge miteinander verglichen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SesermanPohleVesteetal., author = {Seserman, Diana-Maria and Pohle, Ina and Veste, Maik and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Variabilit{\"a}t der holzigen Biomasseproduktion von Pappel und Robinie als Folge des Klimawandels in einem Alley-Cropping System in der Lausitz}, series = {1. Erfurter Tagung "Schnellwachsende Baumarten - Etablierung, Management und Verwertung", vom 16.11.-17.11.2017}, booktitle = {1. Erfurter Tagung "Schnellwachsende Baumarten - Etablierung, Management und Verwertung", vom 16.11.-17.11.2017}, publisher = {Fachhochschule Erfurt}, address = {Erfurt}, pages = {88 -- 89}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MedinskiFreeseBoehm, author = {Medinski, Tanya V. and Freese, Dirk and B{\"o}hm, Christian}, title = {Soil respiration in alley-cropping system composed of black locust and poplar trees, Germany}, series = {2nd European Agroforestry Conference: Integrating Science and Policy to Promote Agroforestry in Practice, June 2014, Cottbus, Germany}, booktitle = {2nd European Agroforestry Conference: Integrating Science and Policy to Promote Agroforestry in Practice, June 2014, Cottbus, Germany}, editor = {Palma, Joao H. N.}, isbn = {978-972-97874-4-7}, pages = {253 -- 254}, abstract = {Understanding of soil carbon dynamics after establishment of alley-cropping systems is crucial for mitigation of greenhouse gas CO2. This study investigates soil CO2 flux in an alley-cropping system composed of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and poplar (Max 1) tree strips and adjacent to them crop strips (Lupinus/ Solarigol). Soil CO2 flux was measured monthly over the March - November 2012 period, using a LI-COR LI-8100A automated device. Simultaneously with CO2 flux measurements, soil and air temperature, soil moisture, microbial C and hot water-extractable carbon (HWC) were determined for soils collected nearby each measurement collar. Root biomass was measured to a depth of 15 cm. In all sampling areas, soil CO2 flux increased from May to July, showing a significant positive correlation with air and soil temperature, which can be a reflection of increase in photosynthetic activity over the warm summer months. The relationships between soil moisture and CO2 flux showed positive correlation only for the warm period (May - October), indicating enhancing role of soil moisture on microbial mineralization and root respiration. CO2 flux values varied between sampling areas at different vegetation periods, with significantly higher values in trees over the summer. This could be attributed to the higher photosynthetic activity and higher root density in trees coppices compared to crops. In autumn, after seeding catch crop mix Solarigol, CO2 flux was significantly higher in crops compared to trees, which could be related to soil tillage prior to seeding of crops, as well as to the higher photosynthetic activity of newly seeded crops at the period of rapid plant growth. Despite a seasonal variation in CO2 flux between sampling areas, aaverage CO2 flux values observed over March - November period did not differ significantly between sampling areas, showing 2.5, 3.2, and 2.9 μmol m-2 s-1 values for black locust, poplar and crops, respectively. A greater C loss with soil respiration under trees in summer period may be compensated by greater C assimilation and storage in woody biomass, and the greater respiration from crop strips after tillage in autumn.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GerwinSchaafHinzetal., author = {Gerwin, Werner and Schaaf, Wolfgang and Hinz, Christoph and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Monitoring of Ecosystem Development at the Constructed Catchment Chicken Creek}, series = {TERENO International Conference 2014, From Observation to Prediction in Terrestrial Systems, 29 September to 2 October 2014, Book of Abstracts}, booktitle = {TERENO International Conference 2014, From Observation to Prediction in Terrestrial Systems, 29 September to 2 October 2014, Book of Abstracts}, pages = {P2-12}, abstract = {The constructed catchment Chicken Creek was established in 2005 as an experimental landscape laboratory for ecosystem research. The 6 ha area with clearly defined horizontal as well as vertical boundary conditions was left for an unrestricted primary succession. The developing ecosystem offers the opportunity to study most processes occurring at the interface of bio-, pedo-, geo- and hydrosphere. Particularly interactions and feedbacks between different evolving compartments as well as the establishment of ecosystem functions and services can be investigated during the ongoing ecosystem development. The catchment is extensively instrumented since 2005 in order to detect transition stages of the ecosystem. Comprehensive data recorded with a high spatial and temporal resolution include hydrological, geomorphological, pedological, limnological as well as biological parameters. This site offers the unique situation of an early stage ecosystem with highly dynamic system properties. The first years of development were characterized by a fast formation of geomorphological structures due to massive erosion processes at the initially non-vegetated surface. Hydrological processes led to the establishment of a local groundwater body within 5 years. In the following years the influence of biological structures like vegetation patterns gained an increasing importance. Feedbacks between developing vegetation and e.g. hydrological features became more and more dominant. As a result, different phases of ecosystem development could be distinguished until now. This observatory offers manifold possibilities to identify and disentangle complex interactions between ecosystem compartments in situ under natural conditions. The originally low complexity of the system is growing with time facilitating the identification of influences of newly developing structures on ecosystem functions. Thus, it is possible to study effects of small-scale processes on the whole system at the landscape scale. In addition, the highly dynamic initial system properties allow the observation of multifaceted changes of ecosystem properties and functions within short periods of time.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoehmKanzlerFreese, author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Kanzler, Michael and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Impact of black locust hedgerows on wind velocity and wind erosion in Eastern Germany}, series = {2nd European Agroforestry Conference: Integrating Science and Policy to Promote Agroforestry in Practice, June 2014, Cottbus, Germany}, booktitle = {2nd European Agroforestry Conference: Integrating Science and Policy to Promote Agroforestry in Practice, June 2014, Cottbus, Germany}, editor = {Palma, Joao H. N.}, isbn = {978-972-97874-4-7}, pages = {267 -- 268}, abstract = {The production of energy wood on arable land increased in Germany during the last years. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a suitable tree species in order to ensure substantial woody biomass yields on agricultural sites in eastern Germany. Arranged in hedge structures (alley cropping) positive effects on wind velocity and hence on soil erosion can be expected for the whole agricultural production area. Results of field measurements carried out in several alley cropping sites located in eastern Germany show that wind velocity can be reduced by more than 50 \%, even though tree hedgerows were not higher than four meters. Here, the reduction of wind speed was dependent on the distance to woody crops, the width of the crop alleys and the orientation of hedgerows. As a result of wind speeds reduction the potential of soil erosion by wind decreases considerably. The risk of wind erosion is even nearly negligible for 24 m wide or smaller crop alleys. The establishment of short rotation hedgerows could contribute to an enhanced protection against wind erosion and thus to an ecological and possible long-term economic appreciation of agricultural sites. Aside from erosion control, further advantages such as a lower evaporation rate, and thus a crop yield increase, may be connected to the establishment of such agroforestry systems. Against the background of the increasing demand for woody biomass for bioenergy, the cultivation of fast growing trees on agricultural sites can furthermore result in an additional incomefor farmers. This is a prerequisite for the spread of this kind of agroforestry in Germany, because a comparable large share of an unprotected field has to be planted with trees in order to ensure an efficient windbreak.}, language = {en} }