@inproceedings{VesteHalke, author = {Veste, Maik and Halke, Christian}, title = {{\"O}kophysiologische Plastizit{\"a}t der Photosynthese von Robinien (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) und Hybrid-Pappeln (Populus nigra L. x P. maximowiczii Henry) bei Hitzestress und Sommertrockenheit in der Niederlausitz}, series = {B{\"a}ume in der Land(wirt)schaft - von der Theorie in die Praxis, Tagungsband mit Beitr{\"a}gen des 5. Forums Agroforstsysteme 30.11. bis 01.12.2016 in Senftenberg (OT Brieske)}, booktitle = {B{\"a}ume in der Land(wirt)schaft - von der Theorie in die Praxis, Tagungsband mit Beitr{\"a}gen des 5. Forums Agroforstsysteme 30.11. bis 01.12.2016 in Senftenberg (OT Brieske)}, editor = {B{\"o}hm, Christian}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-940471-27-7}, pages = {144 -- 157}, abstract = {Mit der Zunahme von extremen Witterungsereignissen ist die Auswahl von angepassten Baumarten und Klonen von großer Bedeutung f{\"u}r den Agrarholzanbau in der Lausitz. So z{\"a}hlte der Sommer 2015 zu den drittw{\"a}rmsten Sommern in Deutschland mit langanhaltenden Trockenzeiten und Hitzeperioden auch in Brandenburg. Die {\"o}kophysiologischen Reaktionen von Robinien und Hybrid-Pappeln (Klon Max 1) auf Hitze- und Trockenstress wurden in einem Agroforstsystem bei Neu Sacro, Brandenburg untersucht. Die {\"o}kophysiologische Anpassungsf{\"a}higkeit wurde hinsichtlich der Photosyntheseleistung (Chlorophyllfluoreszenz), dem Wasserpotential, der 13C/12C Diskriminierung und dem Blatt-N-Gehalt untersucht. Gut wasserversorgte B{\"a}ume der beiden Arten zeigten keine wesentlichen Einschr{\"a}nkungen in Bezug auf die Photosyntheseleistung und dem N{\"a}hrstoffhaushalt, da am Standort ein Grundwasseranschluss auch w{\"a}hrend der Trockenheit gew{\"a}hrleistet war. Bedingt durch kleinr{\"a}umige Bodenheterogenit{\"a}ten kann es allerdings auch {\"o}rtlich zu Wassermangel kommen. An diesen Standorten zeigten die Pappeln deutliche morphologische und {\"o}kophysiologische Anzeichen von Trockenstress. Bei der sommerlichen Hitze zeigte die Photosynthese der beiden Baumarten eine hohe Plastizit{\"a}t.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{GypserVeste, author = {Gypser, Stella and Veste, Maik}, title = {Application of chlorophyll fluorescence, CO2 gas exchange, and NDVI for the detection of spatial variances of photosynthesis of biological soil crusts on anthropogenic degraded soils}, series = {3rd International Workshop on Biological Soil Crusts BIOCRUST3, September 26-30, 2016, Star Hall-Moab, Utah, USA}, booktitle = {3rd International Workshop on Biological Soil Crusts BIOCRUST3, September 26-30, 2016, Star Hall-Moab, Utah, USA}, pages = {24 -- 25}, abstract = {Degradation of soils and the destruction of vegetation as a result of anthropogenic disturbances affect ecosystem functions and properties worldwide. In Brandenburg (NE Germany) various ecosystems were degraded by different human activities like surface mining and military activities on sand dunes. These resulted in degraded open landscapes with an initial soil development. These new ecosystems are characterized by a high vulnerability to erosion, low water holding capacity, lack of nutrients, or low pH. For rehabilitation of degraded soils and vegetation, these post-mining and mobile sand dunes need specific restoration measures, but beside inappropriate soil characteristics, insufficient water availability can limit plant growth. Even located in the temperate zone of Europe, Brandenburg belongs to the driest regions in Germany and faces long drought periods. In this context, the determination of the influence of biocrusts on carbon accumulation during initial ecosystem succession, small-scale investigations on photosynthetic capacity and active phase regarding biocrust formation and developmental stage, which vary from initial green algae-crusts to biocrusts dominated by soil lichens or mosses, are necessary. Hence, succession of biocrusts result in a spatiotemporal heterogeneity and distribution pattern. We could show that varying species abundance, composition, and crust succession affect photosynthetic capacity, and hence, carbon fixation capability. Different spatial hotspots could be analyzed under field conditions and monitored during the season. Long-term measurements of climatic parameters, which include radiation, temperature, precipitation, and desiccation of biocrusts, will be linked to photosynthetic performances under lab conditions. This spatial model can help to understand the impact of biocrusts on carbon accumulation in initial soils. Due to the potential to colonize soil surface under harsh conditions without human support, advantages of biocrusts can be used systematically as a supporting rehabilitation measure for physical stabilization, gain of organic carbon, and hence, facilitates the growth of indigenous vegetation during primary succession.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KleefeldVeste, author = {Kleefeld, Andreas and Veste, Maik}, title = {Robuste and strukturerhaltende Bildentrauschung via Medianfilterung und Bildsegmentierung}, series = {20. und 21. Workshop Computer-Bildanalyse in der Landwirtschaft, 3. Workshop Unbemannte Autonom Fliegende Systeme (UAS) in der Landwirtschaft, 26. Mai 2014, Osnabr{\"u}ck 07. Mai 2015, Braunschweig}, booktitle = {20. und 21. Workshop Computer-Bildanalyse in der Landwirtschaft, 3. Workshop Unbemannte Autonom Fliegende Systeme (UAS) in der Landwirtschaft, 26. Mai 2014, Osnabr{\"u}ck 07. Mai 2015, Braunschweig}, publisher = {ATB, Leibniz-Institut f{\"u}r Agrartechnik}, address = {Potsdam-Bornim}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:186-opus4-75951}, pages = {92 -- 100}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MantovaniFreeseVesteetal., author = {Mantovani, Dario and Freese, Dirk and Veste, Maik and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Modified wick lysimeters for critical water use efficiency evaluation and yield crop modelling}, series = {Bericht, 14. Lysimetertagung, am 3. und 4. Mai 2011 am LFZ Raumberg-Gumpenstein}, booktitle = {Bericht, 14. Lysimetertagung, am 3. und 4. Mai 2011 am LFZ Raumberg-Gumpenstein}, publisher = {LFZ Raumberg-Gumpenstein}, address = {Irdning}, isbn = {978-3-902559-61-6}, pages = {245 -- 248}, language = {en} } @misc{GypserVeste, author = {Gypser, Stella and Veste, Maik}, title = {Importance of P limitation for the C:N:P ratio in Robinia plantations on marginal sites}, series = {Gf{\"O} 2019, Science Meets Practice, 49th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, university of M{\"u}nster, 9-13 September 2019}, journal = {Gf{\"O} 2019, Science Meets Practice, 49th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, university of M{\"u}nster, 9-13 September 2019}, editor = {Thiede, Julia and Klein-Rauthake, Theresa}, pages = {82}, abstract = {Due to disturbances of soils after open-cast lignite mining activities in the Lusatian mining district, Northeast Germany, large areas covered with excavated and dumped material. These initial soils are characterized by a lack of nutrients and organic matter which is why Robinia pseudoacacia was established during reclamation of those marginal sites. As a pioneer species, Robinia is well suitable for the establishment on reclaimed forest ecosystems due to the N fixation capability and its ability to grow on a nutrient-poor sandy substrate with low water holding capacity. Since the N requirement of the Robinia can be covered by symbiotic nodule bacteria, P is important as a growth-limiting nutrient. Even though the total and available P in soils increased with the age of the plantings (planted between 1995 and 2007), the ratio of available to total P decreased relative to younger plantings. Despite the accumulation of organic matter and the decomposition of organic bound P, the bioavailability is affected by ad- and desorption processes, especially on Fe- and Al-hydroxides. It was hypothesized that the P demand of young trees, initially provided by a one-time fertilizer application, exceeds the P supply by mineralization over time. As a first step, kinetics of P desorption from synthetic Fe- and Al-hydroxides were characterized by using humic acid as a model organic compound, to detect fast and slow releasable P over time. At the Robinia sites, soil samples were examined at different depth with regard to their C, N and P concentrations. From the first results, we can conclude that the P availability and its limitation influences the growth performance of Robinia as well as the N-fixing symbiotic bacteria and, thus, the C:N:P ratio as a long-term effect on an ecosystem scale.}, language = {en} } @misc{VesteGypser, author = {Veste, Maik and Gypser, Stella}, title = {{\"O}kologische Funktionen und Dienstleistungen biologischer Bodenkrusten in Offenlandschaften - Fluch oder Segen?}, series = {Gf{\"O} 2019, Science Meets Practice, 49th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, university of M{\"u}nster, 9-13 September 2019}, journal = {Gf{\"O} 2019, Science Meets Practice, 49th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, university of M{\"u}nster, 9-13 September 2019}, address = {M{\"u}nster}, pages = {166}, abstract = {Initiale und n{\"a}hrstoffarme {\"O}kosysteme wie Grasl{\"a}nder und Offenlandschaften haben aus Sicht des Naturschutzes einen hohen Wert f{\"u}r die Landschaft und sind in der intensiv genutzten Kulturlandschaft Mitteleuropas selten geworden. Gerade Bergbaufolgelandschaften, aber auch gest{\"o}rte Binnend{\"u}nen, bieten Potenzial f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von initialen Lebensr{\"a}umen und Landschaften. Die obersten Millimeter der Bodenoberfl{\"a}che dieser {\"O}kosysteme werden durch Biokrusten besiedelt. Gebildet werden diese komplexen Lebensgemeinschaften aus einer Vielzahl von Cyanobakterien, Gr{\"u}nalgen, Moosen, Pilzen, Bakterien und Flechten. Diese Organismen „verkleben" die Bodenoberfl{\"a}che und beeinflussen als „{\"O}kosystem en miniature" maßgeblich die {\"o}kosystemaren Prozesse und die weitere Vegetationsentwicklung. Der Eintrag von C und N sowie die Akkumulation von organischem Material f{\"o}rdert die Bodenentwicklung in der initialen Phase. W{\"a}hrend der Sukzession der Biokrusten entwickeln sich die komplexen biotischen Prozesse des N-Kreislaufes mit R{\"u}ckkopplungen auf die N{\"a}hrstoffversorgung. Ausgeschiedene Exopolysaccharide, die eine Verbindung mit den Bodenpartikeln eingehen, verkleinern nach Regen den Porenraum der Bodenoberfl{\"a}che und vermindern die Infiltration. Besonders Moos- und Flechten-Krusten unterbinden bei geringen Niederschlagsintensit{\"a}ten die Infiltration in tiefere Bodenschichten. Konkurrenz und die großfl{\"a}chige Versiegelung der Bodenoberfl{\"a}che haben zudem negative Auswirkungen auf die Keimung und Etablierung von h{\"o}heren Pflanzen. Diese biotischen Interaktionen f{\"u}hren bei gesteuerten Sukzessionen auf Renaturierungsfl{\"a}chen zu {\"A}nderungen der Vegetationsentwicklung. Somit wird die Bedeutung der Biokrusten f{\"u}r die Renaturierungs{\"o}kologie z.T. kontrovers diskutiert. Klein- und großr{\"a}umige St{\"o}rungen hingegen sind als integraler Bestandteil der {\"O}kosystementwicklung einzuschließen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MantovaniVesteFreese, author = {Mantovani, Dario and Veste, Maik and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) adaptability and plasticity to drought}, series = {2nd European Agroforestry Conference: Integrating Science and Policy to Promote Agroforestry in Practice, June 2014, Cottbus, Germany}, booktitle = {2nd European Agroforestry Conference: Integrating Science and Policy to Promote Agroforestry in Practice, June 2014, Cottbus, Germany}, editor = {Palma, Joao H. N.}, isbn = {978-972-97874-4-7}, pages = {264 -- 265}, abstract = {Robinia pseudoacacia L. is a pioneer tree species which grows under a wide range of edaphic and climatic conditions. It is native from North America and its original range is a climatic region classified as humid to sub-humid, with a mean annual precipitation of 1.020 to 1.830 mm. However, in Central Europe the species has proven to be relatively drought tolerant in comparison to other temperate deciduous tree species. In the State of Brandenburg (Germany) for instance, with a continental climate and annual precipitation below 600 mm, the species has been successfully cropped for wood production for more than 250 years. The tree notably grows also in post-mining recultivated sites where soil water availability is limited and in spring and summer drought can occur. The importance of the species has increased over the lasts decades, after the CO2 reduction policy spread across the world, just as did the need for further sources for renewable energy. Therefore, due to its adaptability to water constraints, its fast growing and resprouting rate, together with the ability of nitrogen fixation, black locust could become a key species for short-rotation plantation on marginal land. Several studies have been already carried out to quantify the production and water use efficiency of the black locust. However, the effect of water scarcity on biomass production and the plant's response to drought stress has still to be examined. In ourinvestigation we aim to evaluate the growth performance and the ecophysiological response of black locust to water limitation. The study of the soil-plant-atmosphere system for the evaluation of the relation between water availability, atmospheric evaporative demand and plant water status is critical to identify the ecophysiological adaptation and growth response in relation to different edaphic and climatic conditions. Different irrigation regimes and cycles of drought were chosen, to test the plant's performance in a lysimeter experiment for the duration of two vegetation periods, under semi-controlled environmental conditions. The results obtained from studies were satisfactory. We assessed the drought tolerance and resilience of black locust, together with its water use efficiency. Both at whole-plant and leaf level the link between the soil water retention, plant water status and growth rate has been elucidated and the intertwined relation between primary production, transpiration, CO2 uptake and water limitation, together with the evaporative atmospheric demand, has been clarified.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MantovaniVesteFreese, author = {Mantovani, Dario and Veste, Maik and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Biomass production in agro-­-systems: Is black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) the right choice?}, series = {Gf{\"O} 43rd Annual Meeting, Building bridges in ecology, linking systems, scales and disciplines, September 9 to 13, 2013, Potsdam, Germany}, booktitle = {Gf{\"O} 43rd Annual Meeting, Building bridges in ecology, linking systems, scales and disciplines, September 9 to 13, 2013, Potsdam, Germany}, editor = {Jeltsch, Florian and Joshi, Jasmin}, pages = {28 -- 29}, abstract = {Currently, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is an important tree species in Central and Eastern Europe for the production of biomass in short-rotation plantations. Being a ruderal species and relatively drought tolerant compared to other broad leaf trees, its use in agroforestry systems will increase. That is particularly true for marginal landscapes characterized by adverse edaphic conditions, where the soil water availability is limited and in summer drought can occur. Several studies have been carried out on the subject of the black locust primary production; however there are still open questions associated with its water consumption and the biomass production, in relation to the soil water availability. In order to investigate the soil-plant-atmosphere system interactions, in our studies the links between the growth rate, water use efficiency and the ecophysiological response have been examined in a two year lysimeter experiment. The two years old black locust plants were selected from a recultivated post-mining area (Welzow S{\"u}d, Lusatia, Brandenburg) and established in a 100 L wicked lysimeter, installed under a light transmissive roof to avoid uncontrolled water input. During the first vegetation period, the trees were maintained constantly under three different soil moisture regimes (well-watered, moderate, drought), in relation to the hydrostatic state of the lysimeters. For the second vegetation period instead, the plants were subjected to two different irrigation cycles (long term drought stress, short term drought stress), in relation of the drought stress and recovering time duration. The results were satisfactory. At whole plant level the water use efficiency, the growth rate under different soil moisture conditions and the morphological adaptation to drought condition were assessed. In addition, at leaf level we elucidated the relation between the soil moisture together with the atmospheric evaporative demand and the ecophysiological performance in terms of H2O and CO2 rate variation. From the results emerged that the black locust cultivar may have a positive or negative effect on the ecosystem function, depending on the water availability of the areas in object. The tree can tolerate periods of drought by reducing its transpiration rate, yet it is not to be considered a water saving trees species in a well watered condition.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HalkeGypserMantovanietal., author = {Halke, Christian and Gypser, Stella and Mantovani, Dario and Lebzien, Stefan and Freese, Dirk and Veste, Maik}, title = {Yield, transpiration and growth of the new bioenergy crop IGNISCUM Candy under different water regimes}, series = {Gf{\"O} 43rd Annual Meeting, Building bridges in ecology, linking systems, scales and disciplines, September 9 to 13, 2013, Potsdam, Germany}, booktitle = {Gf{\"O} 43rd Annual Meeting, Building bridges in ecology, linking systems, scales and disciplines, September 9 to 13, 2013, Potsdam, Germany}, editor = {Jeltsch, Florian and Joshi, Jasmin}, pages = {32 -- 33}, abstract = {There is a growing global need to produce more energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. One possible source of renewable energy in parts of Europe is the use of crop for bioenergy production. Currently, maize dominates the biogas production. For a diversified production of substrates alternative crops needs to be evaluated for their sustainable utilization and ecological integration into agro-systems. The new bioenergy plants IGNISCUM Candy and IGNISCUM Basic are cultivars of the Sakhalin Knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis, Fam. Polygonaceae), which are characterized by a high annual biomass production. Information on the crop production of this species is rare. Hence, understanding plant response to the combinations of water and nutrients availability is crucial for the development of sustainable plant production. In greenhouse experiments we investigate the interrelations between nutrient supply, biomass production, and plant ecophysiology. For the determination of yield-transpiration relations at whole plant level we used a wick lysimeter system, which allows us to study plant growth under controlled water regimes and to calculate the plant transpiration. The irrigation is supplied by an automatic drip irrigation system and computer-controlled in relation to the volumetric soil water content. Four different water treatments associated to the SWC range from well-watered to drought stressed plants. The influence of plant sizes on plant water use was investigated under different nitrogen supply. The fertilizer applied is calcium ammonium nitrate (N) and the rates for the four treatments are 0, 50, 100, 150 kg N/ha at the beginning of the growing season. Plant transpiration is calculated on the basis of water input, storage and drainage in weekly intervals. The cumulative transpiration of the plants during the growing season is between 49 L (drought stressed) and 141 L (well-watered) per plant, respectively. We calculated a transpiration coefficient of 525 Liters per kg dry biomass.}, language = {en} }