@misc{NuernbergerRottaDrescheretal., author = {N{\"u}rnberger, Stefan and Rotta, Randolf and Drescher, Gabor and Danner, Daniel and Nolte, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Diamond Rings: Acknowledged Event Propagation in Many-Core Processors}, series = {Euro-Par 2015: Parallel Processing Workshops, Vienna, 2015}, journal = {Euro-Par 2015: Parallel Processing Workshops, Vienna, 2015}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-319-27308-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-27308-2_58}, pages = {722 -- 733}, abstract = {Hardware and software consistency protocols rely on global observability of consistency events. Acknowledged broadcast is an obvious choice to propagate these events. This paper presents a generalized ring topology for parallel event propagation with acknowledged delivery. Implementations for various many-core architectures show increased performance over conventional approaches. Therefore, diamond rings are a prime candidate for implementations of distributed memory models.}, language = {en} } @misc{NuernbergerDrescherRottaetal., author = {N{\"u}rnberger, Stefan and Drescher, Gabor and Rotta, Randolf and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Schr{\"o}der-Preikschat, Wolfgang}, title = {Shared Memory in the Many-Core Age}, series = {Euro-Par 2014: Parallel Processing Workshops, Porto, 2014}, journal = {Euro-Par 2014: Parallel Processing Workshops, Porto, 2014}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-319-14312-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-14313-2_30}, pages = {351 -- 362}, abstract = {With the evolution toward fast networks of many-core processors, the design assumptions at the basis of software-level distributed shared memory (DSM) systems change considerably. But efficient DSMs are needed because they can significantly simplify the implementation of complex distributed algorithms. This paper discusses implications of the many-core evolution and derives a set of reusable elementary operations for future software DSMs. These elementary operations will help in exploring and evaluating new memory models and consistency protocols.}, language = {en} } @misc{LopacinskiBrzozowskiKraemeretal., author = {Lopacinski, Lukasz and Brzozowski, Marcin and Kraemer, Rolf and Nolte, J{\"o}rg}, title = {100 Gbps Wireless - Challenges to the Data Link Layer}, series = {IEICE Information and Communication Technology Forum, Poznan/Poland, 2014}, journal = {IEICE Information and Communication Technology Forum, Poznan/Poland, 2014}, pages = {6}, language = {en} } @misc{LopacinskiNolteBuechneretal., author = {Lopacinski, Lukasz and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and B{\"u}chner, Steffen and Brzozowski, Marcin and Kraemer, Rolf}, title = {A 100 Gbps data link layer with an adaptive algorithm for forward error correction}, series = {Proceedings of 2015 IEICE ICTF, Manchester/United Kingdom, 2015}, journal = {Proceedings of 2015 IEICE ICTF, Manchester/United Kingdom, 2015}, pages = {6}, language = {en} } @misc{LopacinskiBrzozowskiKraemeretal., author = {Lopacinski, Lukasz and Brzozowski, Marcin and Kraemer, Rolf and B{\"u}chner, Steffen and Nolte, J{\"o}rg}, title = {100 Gbps data link layer - from simulation to FPGA implementation}, series = {Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology (JTIT)}, journal = {Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology (JTIT)}, number = {1}, issn = {1509-4553}, pages = {90 -- 100}, language = {en} } @misc{LopacinskiNolteBuechneretal., author = {Lopacinski, Lukasz and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and B{\"u}chner, Steffen and Brzozowski, Marcin and Kraemer, Rolf}, title = {Improved Turbo Product Coding dedicated for 100 Gbps Wireless Terahertz Communication}, series = {27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Valencia/Spain, 2016}, journal = {27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Valencia/Spain, 2016}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-5090-3254-9}, doi = {10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794685}, pages = {6}, language = {en} } @misc{LopacinskiBuechnerNolteetal., author = {Lopacinski, Lukasz and B{\"u}chner, Steffen and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Brzozowski, Marcin and Kraemer, Rolf}, title = {Towards 100 Gbps wireless communication: energy efficiency of ARQ, FEC, and RF-frontends}, series = {International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS), Poznan/Poland, 2016}, journal = {International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS), Poznan/Poland, 2016}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-5090-2061-4}, doi = {10.1109/ISWCS.2016.7600922}, pages = {320 -- 324}, language = {en} } @misc{LohsSiegemundNolteetal., author = {Lohs, Stefan and Siegemund, Gerry and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Turau, Volker}, title = {Self-Stabilization - A Mechanism to Make Networked Embedded Systems More Reliable?}, series = {35th Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS), Budapest, Hungary, September 26-29, 2016}, journal = {35th Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS), Budapest, Hungary, September 26-29, 2016}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-5090-3513-7}, doi = {10.1109/SRDS.2016.049}, pages = {317 -- 326}, abstract = {The erratic behavior of wireless channels is still a major hurdle in the implementation of robust applications in wireless networks. In the past it has been argued that self-stabilization is a remedy to provide the needed robustness. This assumption has not been verified to the extent necessary to convince engineers implementing such applications. A major reason is that the time in which a self-stabilizing system returns to a valid state is unpredictable and potentially unbound. Failure rates typically depend on physical phenomena and in self-stabilizing systems each node tries to react to failures in an inherently adaptive fashion by the cyclic observation of its neighbors' states. When the frequency of state changes is too high, the system may never reach a state sufficiently stable for a specific task. In this paper we substantiate the conditions under which self-stabilization leads to fault tolerance in wireless networks and look at the myths about the power of self-stabilization as a particular instance of self-organization. We investigate the influences of the error rate and the neighbor state exchange rate on the stability and the convergence time on topology information acquired in real network experiments.}, language = {en} } @misc{LohsSiegemundNolteetal., author = {Lohs, Stefan and Siegemund, Gerry and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Turau, Volker}, title = {Influence of Topology-Fluctuations on Self-Stabilizing Algorithms}, series = {International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS)}, journal = {International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-5090-1460-6}, pages = {122 -- 124}, abstract = {Self-stabilizing systems have in theory the unique and provable ability, to always return to a valid system state even in the face of failures. These properties are certainly desirable for domains like wireless ad-hoc networks with numerous unpredictable faults. Unfortunately, the time in which the system returns to a valid state is not predictable and potentially unbound. The failure rate typically depends on physical phenomena and in self-stabilizing systems each node tries to react to failures in an inherently adaptive fashion by the cyclic observation of the states of its neighbors. When state changes are either too quick or too slow the system might never reach a state that is sufficiently stable for a specific task. In this paper, we investigate the influences of the error rate on the (stability) convergence time on the basis of topology information acquired in real network experiments. This allows us to asses the asymptotic behavior of relevant self-stabilizing algorithms in typical wireless networks.}, language = {en} } @misc{BuechnerLopacinskiNolteetal., author = {B{\"u}chner, Steffen and Lopacinski, Lukasz and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Kraemer, Rolf}, title = {100 Gbit/s End-to-End Communication: Designing Scalable Protocols with Soft Real-Time Stream Processing}, series = {2016 IEEE 41st Conference on Local Computer Networks, 7-10 Nov. 2016}, journal = {2016 IEEE 41st Conference on Local Computer Networks, 7-10 Nov. 2016}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-5090-2054-6}, doi = {10.1109/LCN.2016.25}, language = {en} } @misc{RottaNolteNikolovetal., author = {Rotta, Randolf and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Nikolov, Vladimir and Schubert, Lutz and Bonfert, Stefan and Wesner, Stefan}, title = {MyThOS — Scalable OS Design for Extremely Parallel Applications}, series = {2016 Intl IEEE Conferences on Ubiquitous Intelligence Computing, Advanced and Trusted Computing, Scalable Computing and Communications, Cloud and Big Data Computing, Internet of People, and Smart World Congress, 18-21 July 2016}, journal = {2016 Intl IEEE Conferences on Ubiquitous Intelligence Computing, Advanced and Trusted Computing, Scalable Computing and Communications, Cloud and Big Data Computing, Internet of People, and Smart World Congress, 18-21 July 2016}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-5090-2771-2}, doi = {10.1109/UIC-ATC-ScalCom-CBDCom-IoP-SmartWorld.2016.0179}, pages = {1165 -- 1172}, abstract = {Many-core architectures trade single-thread performance for a larger number of cores. Scalable throughput can be attained only by a high degree of parallelism, minimized synchronization. Whilst this is achievable for many applications, the operating system still introduces bottlenecks through non-local sharing, synchronization,, message passing. A particular challenge for highly dynamic applications, for example invasive HPC applications, elastic compute clouds, is the management of short-living application threads, processes. This paper discusses OS architecture choices based on microkernel, multikernel, distributed systems designs, our development experience in the context of the MyThOS project. Initial experiments show a much faster thread creation, activation compared to monolithic systems like Linux while providing a more flexible protection, threading model that is better suited for dynamic scenarios. However, despite significant progress in the overall domain of operating systems, the design space for scalable many-core operating systems is yet to be fully explored.}, language = {en} } @misc{RottaKubanSchoepsetal., author = {Rotta, Randolf and Kuban, Robert and Sch{\"o}ps, Mark Simon and Nolte, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Dealing with Layers of Obfuscation in pseudo-Uniform Memory Architectures}, series = {Euro-Par 2016: Parallel Processing Workshops, Euro-Par 2016 International Workshops, Grenoble, France, August 24-26, 2016}, journal = {Euro-Par 2016: Parallel Processing Workshops, Euro-Par 2016 International Workshops, Grenoble, France, August 24-26, 2016}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-319-58942-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-58943-5_55}, pages = {685 -- 696}, abstract = {Pseudo-Uniform Memory Architectures hide the memory's throughput bottlenecks and the network's latency differences in order to provide near-peak average throughput for computations on large datasets. This obviates the need for application-level partitioning and load balancing between NUMA domains but the performance of cross-core communication still depends on the actual placement of the involved variables and cores, which can result in significant variation within applications and between application runs. This paper analyses the pseudo-uniform memory latency on the Intel Xeon Phi Knights Corner processor, derives strategies for the optimised placement of important variables, and discusses the role of localised coordination in pUMA systems. For example, a basic cache line ping-pong benchmark showed a 3x speedup between adjacent cores. Therefore, pUMA systems combined with support for controlled placement of small datasets are an interesting option when processor-wide load balancing is difficult while localised coordination is feasible.}, language = {en} } @misc{BuechnerLopacinskiKraemeretal., author = {B{\"u}chner, Steffen and Lopacinski, Lukasz and Kraemer, Rolf and Nolte, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Protocol Processing for 100 Gbit/s and Beyond - A Soft Real-Time Approach in Hardware and Software}, series = {Frequenz: Journal of RF-Engineering and Telecommunications}, volume = {71}, journal = {Frequenz: Journal of RF-Engineering and Telecommunications}, number = {9-10}, issn = {2191-6349}, pages = {427 -- 438}, language = {en} } @misc{BuechnerNolteHasanietal., author = {B{\"u}chner, Steffen and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Hasani, Alireza and Kraemer, Rolf}, title = {100 Gbit/s End-to-End Communication: Low Overhead On-Demand Protocol Replacement in High Data Rate Communication Systems}, series = {42nd Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), 9-12 Oct. 2017, Singapore}, journal = {42nd Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), 9-12 Oct. 2017, Singapore}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-5090-6523-3}, doi = {10.1109/LCN.2017.40}, pages = {231 -- 234}, language = {en} } @misc{BusseKarnapkeParzyjegla, author = {Busse, Anselm and Karnapke, Reinhardt and Parzyjegla, Helge}, title = {Simulation-Based Tracing and Profiling for System Software Development}, series = {Proceedings of the 10th ACM International Systems and Storage Conference, SYSTOR '17}, journal = {Proceedings of the 10th ACM International Systems and Storage Conference, SYSTOR '17}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY}, isbn = {978-1-4503-5035-8}, doi = {10.1145/3078468.3078475}, pages = {8:1 -- 8:6}, language = {en} } @misc{GraffKarnapke, author = {Graff, Daniel and Karnapke, Reinhardt}, title = {Spatio-Temporal Coordination of Mobile Robot Swarms}, series = {IEEE 41st Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), Dubai, UAE, 7-10 Nov. 2016}, journal = {IEEE 41st Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), Dubai, UAE, 7-10 Nov. 2016}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-5090-2054-6}, pages = {515 -- 518}, language = {en} } @misc{GraffKarnapke, author = {Graff, Daniel and Karnapke, Reinhardt}, title = {The Swarm as a Service: Virtualization of Motion}, series = {Eleventh IEEE International Workshop on Practical Issues in Building Sensor Network Applications (IEEE SenseApp 2016)}, journal = {Eleventh IEEE International Workshop on Practical Issues in Building Sensor Network Applications (IEEE SenseApp 2016)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-5090-2347-9}, pages = {129 -- 136}, language = {en} } @misc{GraffKarnapke, author = {Graff, Daniel and Karnapke, Reinhardt}, title = {Cyber-Physical Systems - Exemplary Applications and a Distributed Execution Platform}, series = {2016 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Innovative Business Practices for the Transformation of Societies (EmergiTech 2016)}, journal = {2016 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Innovative Business Practices for the Transformation of Societies (EmergiTech 2016)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-5090-0706-6}, language = {en} } @misc{GraffKarnapke, author = {Graff, Daniel and Karnapke, Reinhardt}, title = {On the Need of Systemic Support for Spatio-Temporal Programming of Mobile Robot Swarms}, series = {11th International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks, (MSN 2015), 16-18 December 2015, Shenzhen, China}, journal = {11th International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks, (MSN 2015), 16-18 December 2015, Shenzhen, China}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-5090-0329-7}, pages = {227 -- 235}, language = {en} } @misc{KarnapkeNolte, author = {Karnapke, Reinhardt and Nolte, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Unidirectional Link Counter - a Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks with Many Unidirectional Links}, series = {14th Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (Med-Hoc-Net 2015), Vilamoura, Portugal, 17 - 18 June 2015}, journal = {14th Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (Med-Hoc-Net 2015), Vilamoura, Portugal, 17 - 18 June 2015}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-4673-7306-7}, pages = {1 -- 7}, language = {en} } @misc{KubanRottaNolte, author = {Kuban, Robert and Rotta, Randolf and Nolte, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Help Your Busy Neighbors: Dynamic Multicasts over Static Topologies}, series = {Euro-Par 2017: Parallel Processing Workshops}, journal = {Euro-Par 2017: Parallel Processing Workshops}, editor = {Heras, Dora B. and Boug{\´e}, Luc}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-319-75177-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-75178-8_51}, pages = {636 -- 657}, language = {en} } @misc{GraffKarnapke, author = {Graff, Daniel and Karnapke, Reinhardt}, title = {Managing Swarms of Robots: From Centralized Scheduling to Decentralized Scheduling (work in progress)}, series = {17. GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch Sensornetze, 13./14. September 2018, Braunschweig}, journal = {17. GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch Sensornetze, 13./14. September 2018, Braunschweig}, publisher = {Technische Universit{\"a}t}, address = {Braunschweig}, doi = {10.24355/dbbs.084-201809121401-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:084-2018110614244}, pages = {23 -- 26}, language = {en} } @misc{GraffKarnapke, author = {Graff, Daniel and Karnapke, Reinhardt}, title = {From Centralized Management of Robot Swarms to Decentralized Scheduling}, series = {2018 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things and Intelligence System (IOTAIS)}, journal = {2018 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things and Intelligence System (IOTAIS)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-5386-7358-4}, doi = {10.1109/IOTAIS.2018.8600917}, pages = {141 -- 147}, language = {en} } @misc{SegabinazziFerreiraNolte, author = {Segabinazzi Ferreira, Raphael and Nolte, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Low latency reconfiguration mechanism for fine-grained processor internal functional units}, series = {2019 IEEE Latin American Test Symposium (LATS)}, journal = {2019 IEEE Latin American Test Symposium (LATS)}, isbn = {978-1-7281-1756-0}, issn = {2373-0862}, doi = {10.1109/LATW.2019.8704560}, pages = {6}, abstract = {The strive for performance, low power consumption, and less chip area have been diminishing the reliability and the time to fault occurrences due to wear out of electronic devices. Recent research has shown that functional units within processors usually execute a different amount of operations when running programs. Therefore, these units present different individual wear out during their lifetime. Most existent schemes for reconfiguration of processors due to fault detection and other processor parameters are done at the level of cores which is a costly way to achieve redundancy. This paper presents a low latency (approximately 1 clock cycle) software controlled mechanism to reconfigure units within processor cores according to predefined parameters. Such reconfiguration capability delivers features like wear out balance of processor functional units, configuration of units according to the criticality of tasks running on an operating system and configurations to gain in performance (e.g. parallel execution) when possible. The focus of this paper is to show the implemented low latency reconfiguration mechanism and highlight its possible main features.}, language = {en} } @misc{SegabinazziFerreiraGeorgeChenetal., author = {Segabinazzi Ferreira, Raphael and George, Nevin and Chen, Junchao and H{\"u}bner, Michael and Krstic, Milos and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Vierhaus, Heinrich Theodor}, title = {Configurable Fault Tolerant Circuits and System Level Integration for Self-Awareness}, series = {Proceedings of the Work in Progress Session held in connection with SEAA 2019, the 45th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications and DSD 2019, the 22nd EUROMICRO Conference on Digital System Design}, journal = {Proceedings of the Work in Progress Session held in connection with SEAA 2019, the 45th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications and DSD 2019, the 22nd EUROMICRO Conference on Digital System Design}, publisher = {SEA-Publications}, address = {Kallithea, Chalkidiki (Greece)}, isbn = {978-3-902457-54-7}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-5050}, pages = {2}, abstract = {Scaling minimum features of ICs down to the 10nm- area and below has allowed high integration rates in electronics. Scaling at supply voltages of 1V and below also implies a rising level of stress which drives aging effects that reduce switching speed and the expected life time. Additionally, vulnerability from particle radiation is increased. Hence, fault detection and on- line correction become a must for many applications. However, not only fault tolerance but self-awareness becomes also an advantage. Provided that by being aware of its own healthy state allow optimized configurations regarding system operation modes and configurable hardware mechanism. This paper shows a preliminary work in a configurable circuit and explores its configuration possibilities when integrated into a complete system.}, language = {en} } @misc{SegabinazziFerreiraNolteVargasetal., author = {Segabinazzi Ferreira, Raphael and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Vargas, Fabian and George, Nevin and H{\"u}bner, Michael}, title = {Run-time Hardware Reconfiguration of Functional Units to Support Mixed-Critical Applications}, series = {IEEE Latin American Test Symposium (LATS), Macei{\´o}, Brazil}, journal = {IEEE Latin American Test Symposium (LATS), Macei{\´o}, Brazil}, doi = {10.1109/LATS49555.2020.9093692}, pages = {6}, language = {en} } @incollection{BuechnerNolteHasanietal., author = {B{\"u}chner, Steffen and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Hasani, Alireza and Kraemer, Rolf and Lopacinski, Lukasz}, title = {End2End100 - Communication Protocol Processing for Ultra High Data Rates}, series = {Wireless 100 Gbps and beyond : architectures, spproaches and findings of German Research Foundation (DFG) priority programme SPP 1655}, booktitle = {Wireless 100 Gbps and beyond : architectures, spproaches and findings of German Research Foundation (DFG) priority programme SPP 1655}, editor = {Kraemer, Rolf and Scholz, Stefan}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {IHP GmbH}, address = {Frankfurt (Oder)}, isbn = {978-3-96439-003-5}, pages = {359 -- 396}, language = {en} } @misc{RottaSegabinazziFerreiraNolte, author = {Rotta, Randolf and Segabinazzi Ferreira, Raphael and Nolte, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Real-time dynamic hardware reconfiguration for processors with redundant functional units}, series = {Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC)}, journal = {Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC)}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. (IEEE)}, address = {Nashville, TN, USA}, isbn = {978-1-7281-6958-3}, issn = {2375-5261}, doi = {10.1109/ISORC49007.2020.00035}, pages = {2}, abstract = {The tiny logic elements in modern integrated circuits increase the rate of transient failures significantly. Therefore, redundancy on various levels is necessary to retain reliability. However, for mixed-criticality scenarios, the typical processor designs offer either too little fault-tolerance or too much redundancy for one part of the applications. Amongst others, we specifically address redundant processor internal functional units (FU) to cope with transient errors and support wear leveling. A real-time operating system (RTOS) was extended to control our prototypical hardware platform and, since it can be configured deterministically within few clock cycles, we are able to reconfigure the FUs dynamically, at process switching time, according to the specified critically of the running processes. Our mechanisms were integrated into the Plasma processor and the Plasma-RTOS. With few changes to the original software code, it was, for example, possible to quickly change from fault-detecting to fault-correcting modes of the processor on demand.}, language = {en} } @misc{BuechnerHasaniLopacinskietal., author = {B{\"u}chner, Steffen and Hasani, Alireza and Lopacinski, Lukasz and Kraemer, Rolf and Nolte, J{\"o}rg}, title = {100 Gbit/s End-to-End Communication: Adding Flexibility with Protocol Templates}, series = {2018 IEEE 43rd Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)}, journal = {2018 IEEE 43rd Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)}, edition = {1. Auflage}, isbn = {978-1-5386-4413-3}, issn = {0742-1303}, doi = {10.1109/LCN.2018.8638078}, pages = {263 -- 266}, abstract = {High-speed protocol processing that provides data-rates of 100 Gbit/s and beyond to the application stresses the whole communication system up to its outer limits. Such a system can only be utilized by employing highly specialized, application specific protocols, that are tailored for certain communication parameters, such as the packet loss rate. However, the requirements for most applications are not static, and a protocol designer cannot anticipate all possible communication conditions upfront. The contradiction between specialized protocols and unknown communication parameters can be solved by adapting the protocol implementation on demand to the current communication conditions. However, such an approach needs a protocol description language that allows the automatic specialization of protocols. In this paper, we present the Protocol Engine Template Language (PETL), that allows the automatic implementation of protocols by a constructive approach for a variety of communication conditions from protocol implementation templates.}, language = {en} } @misc{EichlerHofmeierReifetal., author = {Eichler, Christian and Hofmeier, Henriette and Reif, Stefan and H{\"o}nig, Timo and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Schr{\"o}der-Preikschat, Wolfgang}, title = {Neverlast: Towards the Design und Implementation of the NVM-based Everlasting Operating System}, series = {Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2021 - HICSS-54}, journal = {Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2021 - HICSS-54}, publisher = {Scholarspace}, doi = {10.24251/HICSS.2021.870}, pages = {7227 -- 7236}, language = {en} } @misc{KoehlerHerzogHoenigetal., author = {K{\"o}hler, Sven and Herzog, Benedict and H{\"o}nig, Timo and Wenzel, Lukas and Plauth, Max and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Polze, Andreas and Schr{\"o}der-Preikschat, Wolfgang}, title = {Pinpoint the Joules: Unifying Runtime-Support for Energy Measurements on Heterogeneous Systems}, series = {2020 IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Runtime and Operating Systems for Supercomputers (ROSS)}, volume = {1}, journal = {2020 IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Runtime and Operating Systems for Supercomputers (ROSS)}, publisher = {IEEE Xplore}, pages = {31 -- 40}, abstract = {For the design and operation of today's computer systems, power and energy requirements are highest priorities. Unlike performance analyses, however, power and energy measurements of heterogeneous systems are difficult to conduct. Especially at the system-software level, performing power and energy measurements remains challenging. Yet, such measurements are essential to improve software components for low power and high energy-efficiency.In this paper, we analyze and discuss the power and energy characteristics of several heterogeneous systems with up to 20 cores (160 hardware threads) and 1 TB of main memory. For the analyzed systems, we outline challenges regarding power and energy measurements and show ways to overcome limitations (i.e., sampling constraints). To improve the current state of the art in power and energy measurements at the system-software level, we present the design and implementation of PINPOINT, an energy-profiling tool which unifies different power and energy measurement interfaces.}, language = {en} } @misc{GierschNolte, author = {Giersch, Oliver and Nolte, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Fast and Portable Concurrent FIFO Queues with Deterministic Memory Reclamation}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (TPDS)}, volume = {33}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (TPDS)}, number = {3}, issn = {1045-9219}, doi = {10.1109/TPDS.2021.3097901}, pages = {604 -- 616}, language = {en} } @misc{KoeppenTraueBorchertetal., author = {K{\"o}ppen, Marcel and Traue, Jana and Borchert, Christoph and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Spinczyk, Olaf}, title = {Cache-Line Transactions: Building Blocks for Persistent Kernel Data Structures Enabled by AspectC++}, series = {PLOS '19, Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Programming Languages and Operating Systems}, journal = {PLOS '19, Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Programming Languages and Operating Systems}, editor = {Hawblitzel, Chris and Muller, Gilles and Spinczyk, Olaf}, publisher = {acm, The Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-7017-2}, doi = {10.1145/3365137.3365396}, pages = {38 -- 44}, language = {en} } @misc{SchmausPfeifferHoenigetal., author = {Schmaus, Florian and Pfeiffer, Nicolas and H{\"o}nig, Timo and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Schr{\"o}der-Preikschat, Wolfgang}, title = {Nowa: A Wait-Free Continuation-Stealing Concurrency Platform}, series = {2021 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS)}, journal = {2021 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS)}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-1-6654-4066-0}, doi = {10.1109/IPDPS49936.2021.00044}, pages = {360 -- 371}, language = {en} } @misc{KarnapkeWalther, author = {Karnapke, Reinhardt and Walther, Karsten}, title = {Realizing Seamless Integration of Sensors and Actuators into the IoT}, series = {Science and Technologies for Smart Cities : 7th EAI International Conference, SmartCity360°, Virtual Event, December 2-4, 2021, Proceedings}, journal = {Science and Technologies for Smart Cities : 7th EAI International Conference, SmartCity360°, Virtual Event, December 2-4, 2021, Proceedings}, editor = {Paiva, Sara}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-06370-1}, issn = {978-3-031-06371-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-06371-8_44}, pages = {688 -- 701}, language = {en} } @misc{BartnitzekKarnapkeFriedenbergeretal., author = {Bartnitzek, Jens and Karnapke, Reinhardt and Friedenberger, Dirk and Milius, Birgit and Naumann, Billy}, title = {Neue Ans{\"a}tze f{\"u}r Systeme zum Einsatz in Wachstumsregionen}, series = {Der Eisenbahningenieur : EI}, journal = {Der Eisenbahningenieur : EI}, number = {8}, issn = {0013-2810}, pages = {34 -- 37}, language = {de} } @misc{KarnapkeWalther, author = {Karnapke, Reinhardt and Walther, Karsten}, title = {Internet of Things and Real Internet of Things}, series = {20. GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch Sensornetze (FGSN 2023)}, journal = {20. GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch Sensornetze (FGSN 2023)}, editor = {Piotrowski, Krzysztof}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6637}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-66374}, pages = {2 -- 4}, abstract = {Sensor networks have come a long way since their first inception 30 years ago. In this paper we look at the results achieved and the areas that still need research from an industry perspective.}, language = {en} } @misc{Kaluza, author = {Kaluza, Bennet}, title = {BLE Periodic Advertising as an Alternative to BLE Mesh and Scatternets for Multihop Communication}, series = {20. GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch Sensornetze (FGSN 2023)}, journal = {20. GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch Sensornetze (FGSN 2023)}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6637}, pages = {10 -- 11}, abstract = {Waldw{\"a}chter 5G is a project about preventing damages to forests, for example by fire. For this case, sensors connected in a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) multi-hop environment are deployed to detect abnormalities. BLE is a widely spread wireless communication technology used for low power devices, such as smart home appliances or sensors. This paper presents two approaches for BLE multi-hop communication, BLE Mesh as a flooding based network primarily used for non-power-limited devices and BLE scatternets as a lose collective term for a lot of interconnected smaller networks. It then introduces the idea of a third possible option, a network topology based on a BLE 5.0 feature called Periodic Advertising (PA). The idea of an approach to PA meshes is explained and the advantages presented.}, language = {en} } @misc{RottaMykytyn, author = {Rotta, Randolf and Mykytyn, Pavlo}, title = {Secure Multi-hop Telemetry Broadcasts for UAV Swarm Communication}, series = {20. GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch Sensornetze (FGSN 2023)}, journal = {20. GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch Sensornetze (FGSN 2023)}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2401.11915}, pages = {13 -- 14}, abstract = {Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are evolving as adaptable platforms for a wide range of applications such as precise inspections, emergency response, and remote sensing. Autonomous UAV swarms require efficient and stable communication during deployment for a successful mission execution. For instance, the periodic exchange of telemetry data between all swarm members provides the foundation for formation flight and collision avoidance. However, due to the mobility of the vehicles and instability of wireless transmissions, maintaining a secure and reliable all-to-all communication remains challenging. This paper investigates encrypted and authenticated multi-hop broadcast communication based on the transmission of custom IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi data frames.}, language = {en} } @misc{ChatharajupalliRottaKarnapkeetal., author = {Chatharajupalli, Navya Sneha and Rotta, Randolf and Karnapke, Reinhardt and Nolte, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Assessing the Feasibility of Combined BLE and Wi-Fi Communication for High Data Sensing Applications}, series = {EWSN '23: Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks}, journal = {EWSN '23: Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York}, doi = {10.5555/3639940.3639948}, pages = {56 -- 59}, abstract = {Advanced sensors generate more data than can be transmitted using classic battery-powered wireless sensor networks. While using Wi-Fi would provide plenty of throughput, the receivers are energy hungry and, thus, the radio time needs to be reduced. Previous research suggests to combine Wi-Fi with low-power technologies such as BLE for an energy efficient coordination of the Wi-Fi radios. Existing approaches focus on individual point-to-point routes whereas certain applications require concurrent transmissions. We evaluated the combination of BLE and Wi-Fi on the ESP32-S3 multi-radio microcontroller through detailed energy and throughput measurements. The results show that established BLE connections allow to activateWi-Fi quickly on-demand; the energy efficiency of the data transmission is significantly improved over previous works but the BLE connection setup is prohibitively slow. While the combination of BLE and Wi-Fi provides high throughput with good energy efficiency, careful design of the BLE-based signalling protocol is necessary to also achieve low latency.}, language = {en} } @misc{NattkeRottaNatarovetal., author = {Nattke, Matthias and Rotta, Randolf and Natarov, Roman and Archila, Oscar and Mykytyn, Pavlo}, title = {Precise sensors for localization in the drone swarm}, series = {Proceedings iCCC2024 - iCampµs Cottbus Conference, 2024-05-14 - 2024-05-16, Cottbus}, volume = {2024}, journal = {Proceedings iCCC2024 - iCampµs Cottbus Conference, 2024-05-14 - 2024-05-16, Cottbus}, publisher = {AMA}, isbn = {978-3-910600-00-3}, doi = {10.5162/iCCC2024/P16}, pages = {166 -- 169}, abstract = {Drones can be connected as a swarm to precisely monitor large agricultural areas and manage them more sustainable. They test sensor technology in real environments and solve complex tasks faster. Key aspects include accurate localization, reliable communication, and dynamic flight control. The localization accuracy of RTK-GNSS-enabled system, which includes GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO positioning systems is compared with Ultra-Wideband (UWB) one. The UPWARDS communication hub is presented as a processing and connection point across swarm agents. This controller also incorporates collision avoidance features and testing of evasion strategies.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ChatharajupalliRottaNolte, author = {Chatharajupalli, Navya Sneha and Rotta, Randolf and Nolte, J{\"o}rg}, title = {P2 - VibroMote: Energy efficient Vibration Monitoring for Railway tracks and Bridges}, series = {iCCC2024 - iCampµs Cottbus Conference 2024-05-14 - 2024-05-16}, booktitle = {iCCC2024 - iCampµs Cottbus Conference 2024-05-14 - 2024-05-16}, publisher = {AMA Service GmbH, Von-M{\"u}nchhausen-Str. 49, 31515 Wunstorf, Germany}, isbn = {978-3-910600-00-3}, doi = {10.5162/iCCC2024/P2}, pages = {123 -- 126}, abstract = {Filtering, storing, and transmitting measurements of high-resolution sensors within a limited energy budget is challenging. For instance, a 3-axis MEMS acceleration sensor for structural condition monitoring and predictive maintenance generates up to 160 kB/s at a sampling rate of 26.6 kHz. This paper discusses the design space with focus on solar harvesting solutions. VibroMote is an energy efficient sensor node that combines a multi-radio micro-controller, an ultra-low power co-processor with persistent memory, a solar harvester, and multiple energy storage options. This enables prototyping of solar-powered long-term data acquisition, in-node processing, and wireless networking for high-resolution sensors.}, language = {en} } @misc{KarnapkeRichterWerner, author = {Karnapke, Reinhardt and Richter, Martin and Werner, Matthias}, title = {Virtualization in robot swarms: past, present, and future}, series = {2024 IEEE 21st Consumer Communications \& Networking Conference (CCNC)}, journal = {2024 IEEE 21st Consumer Communications \& Networking Conference (CCNC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {979-8-3503-0457-2}, doi = {10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454838}, pages = {1 -- 6}, abstract = {Robot swarms have come a long way since the first mobile sensor/actuator networks. Since then, we have seen the rise of operating systems for robots and swarm operating systems that ease the use of robots, and especially of large swarms of them, a lot. Still, the description of a task is often not easy and best done by experts. In this paper we envision future swarm operating systems, where task descriptions take a form which can be realized by non-experts. We describe our idea of hugely increased virtualization in the swarm and how this can be used to realize the aforementioned vision.}, language = {en} } @misc{RabensteinNguyenGierschetal., author = {Rabenstein, Jonas and Nguyen, Dustin and Giersch, Oliver and Eichler, Christian and H{\"o}nig, Timo and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Schr{\"o}der-Preikschat, Wolfgang}, title = {Back to the core-memory age: running operating systems in NVRAM only}, series = {Proceedings: architecture of computing systems: 36th International Conference, ARCS 2023, June 13 - 15, 2023}, journal = {Proceedings: architecture of computing systems: 36th International Conference, ARCS 2023, June 13 - 15, 2023}, editor = {Goumas, Georgios and Tomforde, Sven and Brehm, J{\"u}rgen and Wildermann, Stefan and Pionteck, Thilo}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, isbn = {978-3-031-42784-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-42785-5_11}, pages = {153 -- 167}, abstract = {The classic core memory was completely non-volatile and thus kept at least part of the operating system persistently in main memory, even over power cycles. Nowadays we can repeat this approach with NVRAM, but with terabytes of main memory on a completely different scale and with parts of the operating-system state stored in volatile CPU caches. In this paper, we discuss our experiences of running large modern operating systems including their applications entirely in NVRAM. We adapted stock Linux and FreeBSD kernels to work exclusively with NVRAM by hiding all DRAM from the kernels at boot time to establish a realistic performance baseline without changing anything else. Following this entirely NVRAM-agnostic approach, we could observe an effective performance penalty of a factor of about four, but only negligible increases in whole-system power draw. For our system with two CPU sockets and 56 cores total, we also observed a reduction in power draw in several scenarios. Due to prolonged execution times, the energy consumption increased as well for these measured workloads. While this might be discouraging at first sight, this result was achieved without any performance tuning as to the specific characteristics of today's NVRAM technology. Therefore, we are also discussing means to mitigate the observed shortcomings by integrating NVRAM appropriately into the memory hierarchy of future robust persistent systems.}, language = {en} } @misc{GierschNguyenNolteetal., author = {Giersch, Oliver and Nguyen, Dustin and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Schr{\"o}der-Preikschat, Wolfgang}, title = {Virtual memory revisited for tiered memory}, series = {Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGOPS Asia-Pacific Workshop on Systems}, journal = {Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGOPS Asia-Pacific Workshop on Systems}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, isbn = {979-8-4007-1105-3}, doi = {10.1145/3678015.3680475}, pages = {1 -- 7}, abstract = {The landscape of memory technologies has grown substantially more diverse and heterogeneous, with a number of special-purpose memory technologies reaching market maturity in recent years, such as NVRAM (Non-Volatile Memory), HBM (High-Bandwidth Memory) or the upcoming CXL.mem. Future computing systems will have to contend with byte-addressable and cache-coherent main memory that is highly diverse, either in terms of the fundamental performance characteristics of its underlying memory technology, or due to the fact that CXL.mem will allow accessing homogenous but remote memory. The VM (Virtual Memory) subsystems of today have been empirically optimized over decades, but were designed for a single tier of main memory only. While recent approaches that integrated tiered memory have focused on better memory access metrics to improve page placement strategies, we seek to leverage the proven heuristics that are already in place. In times of high load we assign pages from slower memory, demote inactive pages according to standard page replacement strategies and use lazy page promotions when sufficient resources are available again to retain the inherently high reactivity of demand paging with regard to working set changes. We integrate these mechanisms into the VM subsystem of a full-featured mainstream operating system (FreeBSD) with minimal adaptations. The resulting multi-tier VM system runs in a stable and efficient manner under high stress even with highly unfavorable work loads.}, language = {en} } @misc{RottaChatharajupalliNaumannetal., author = {Rotta, Randolf and Chatharajupalli, Navya Sneha and Naumann, Billy and Schulz, Julius and Karnapke, Reinhardt and Werner, Matthias and Nolte, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Demo: B.A.T.M.A.N. mesh routing on ultra low-power IEEE 802.11 modules}, series = {2024 IEEE 49th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)}, journal = {2024 IEEE 49th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {979-8-3503-8800-8}, issn = {2832-1421}, doi = {10.1109/LCN60385.2024.10639789}, pages = {4}, abstract = {When implementing multi-hop mesh network protocols, efficient direct communication, route discovery, and route repair are crucial to achieve high network throughput. To our knowledge, there is no open mesh routing protocol available for ultra low power IEEE 802.11 modules. Previous work relied on single board computers like Raspberry Pi. We implemented the B.A.T.M.A.N. mesh protocol on the popular Espressif ESP32 along with a novel hybrid rate adaptation for the selection of efficient routes. In this demo we showcase challenges and solutions related to the implementation on ESP32 and how the hybrid rate adaptation improves end-to-end throughput.}, language = {en} } @misc{RottaSchulzNaumannetal., author = {Rotta, Randolf and Schulz, Julius and Naumann, Billy and Chatharajupalli, Navya Sneha and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Werner, Matthias}, title = {B.A.T.M.A.N. Mesh Networking on ESP32's 802.11}, series = {2024 IEEE 49th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)}, journal = {2024 IEEE 49th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {979-8-3503-8800-8}, issn = {2832-1421}, doi = {10.1109/LCN60385.2024.10639698}, pages = {1 -- 7}, abstract = {Mesh routing protocols are widely used in IoT and sensor networks. In recent years, the ESP32 Wi-Fi/BLE SoC became popular for prototyping IoT applications. However, the existing mesh networks for this platform lack efficient node to node communication, fast route discovery and repair, and energy efficiency. This paper addresses the formation of IEEE 802.11 based ad-hoc mesh networks without the delays inflicted by the Station to Access Point association protocol. We implemented the B.A.T.M.A.N. protocol on top of the ESP32 Wi-Fi MAC interface and integrated it into the LwIP network stack. The performance evaluation with respect to UDP/IP and TCP/IP end-to-end throughput shows the general usefulness but also identifies bottlenecks caused by limitations of the existing MAC interface. Overall, this opens an interesting opportunity for research on mesh protocols by providing a simpler platform than full featured Wi-Fi routers; and for wireless IoT applications by providing higher throughput than subGHz and BLE technologies.}, language = {en} } @misc{ShahinRottaArchilaetal., author = {Shahin, Keyvan and Rotta, Randolf and Archila, Oscar and Mykytyn, Pavlo and Nattke, Matthias and Reichenbach, Marc and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Natarov, Roman}, title = {A Modular Communication Architecture for Adaptive UAV Swarms}, series = {2023 IEEE International Conference on Omni-layer Intelligent Systems (COINS)}, journal = {2023 IEEE International Conference on Omni-layer Intelligent Systems (COINS)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {979-8-3503-4647-3}, doi = {10.1109/COINS57856.2023.10189245}, pages = {6}, abstract = {Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have vast application potential from industrial logistics and disaster monitoring to smart farming, for example, to create maps with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) cameras and AI-based image classification or the precision spot application of fertilizers. Operating multiple UAVs in parallel, including those with different specializations, enables efficient coverage of large areas. While existing research focused mainly on predefined flight formations for swarms or autonomous missions for single UAVs, the focus of this work is on multiple UAVs with individually adaptable missions. We derive communication system requirements from swarm coordination algorithms and present a respective design. The resulting modular architecture enables future research on autonomous adaptive UAV swarms and their use as flying sensor platforms.}, language = {en} } @misc{RichterKarnapkeWerner, author = {Richter, Martin and Karnapke, Reinhardt and Werner, Matthias}, title = {Utilizing sensor and actuator virtualization to achieve a systemic view of mobile heterogeneous cyber-physical systems}, series = {Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications}, journal = {Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications}, publisher = {SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications}, isbn = {978-989-758-708-5}, doi = {10.5220/0012715800003758}, pages = {207 -- 214}, abstract = {When programming cyber-physical systems, application developers currently utilize physical sensors and actuators individually to achieve the desired observations and impacts within the physical world. This is an error-prone and complex task given the size, heterogeneity, and mobility of prevailing cyber-physical systems. We introduce an application model that allows the application developers to take a physical perspective. By means of this model, the programmers describe desired observations and influences with respect to the physical world without directly referencing physical devices. We present an additional model for a runtime environment that transparently utilizes the available physical devices to reach the application developers' targets. We show that an implementation of our models is functional via simulation.}, language = {en} } @misc{KarnapkeSeidelHeuerHoeckneretal., author = {Karnapke, Reinhardt and Seidel Heuer, Dilmari and Hoeckner, Soeren and Walther, Karsten}, title = {Secure connections in local networks despite multiple stakeholders}, series = {Proceedings of Ninth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology : ICICT 2024, London, Volume 4}, journal = {Proceedings of Ninth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology : ICICT 2024, London, Volume 4}, editor = {Yang, Xin-She and Sherratt, Simon and Dey, Nilanjan and Joshi, Amit}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, isbn = {978-9819735617}, pages = {141 -- 153}, abstract = {Computer usage authentication mostly comes in two flavors: Either as a key-value pair (name and password) or as certificates from a thrusted authority. Both approaches have their advantages and drawbacks when used for authentication of users on their computer and their computers on the Internet. However, in Industrial Internet of Things environments, when authenticating machines against machines that do not have a permanent Internet connection, this becomes an even bigger issue. In this paper we describe the insufficiencies of these classic approaches when dealing with attacks that originate inside a local network and present our methods of mutual authentication for devices in environments where multiple stakeholders are involved and a permanent Internet connection is not a given.}, language = {en} }