@misc{HollaenderBiemeltRaabetal., author = {Holl{\"a}nder, Hartmut M. and Biemelt, Detlef and Raab, Thomas and Schoenheinz, Dagmar}, title = {Hydrological earth observatories and artificial catchments: From observation to modelling}, series = {Physics and Chemistry of the Earth}, volume = {36}, journal = {Physics and Chemistry of the Earth}, number = {1-4}, issn = {1873-5193}, doi = {10.1016/j.pce.2010.12.012}, pages = {1 -- 2}, language = {en} } @incollection{Kruemmelbein, author = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia}, title = {Entwicklung bodenphysikalischer Parameter in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von Fruchtfolge, Bodenbearbeitungsintensit{\"a}t und Bodenhilfsstoff}, series = {Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers}, booktitle = {Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers}, editor = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Raab, Thomas and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, publisher = {BTU}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-937728-12-4}, pages = {17 -- 43}, language = {de} } @incollection{Kruemmelbein, author = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia}, title = {Fl{\"a}chenhafte Verteilung der Textur auf der landwirtschaftlich zu rekultivierenden ANFOREK Fl{\"a}che im Tagebau J{\"a}nschwalde}, series = {Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers}, booktitle = {Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers}, editor = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Raab, Thomas and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, publisher = {BTU}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-937728-12-4}, pages = {45 -- 60}, language = {de} } @incollection{RaabVoelkel, author = {Raab, Alexandra and V{\"o}lkel, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Holocene soil development and pedgenic clay mineral transformation in Luvisols with different development ages at the Viereckschanze of Poign (Central Bavaria, Germany)}, series = {Archaeology, Soil- and Life-Sciences Applied to Enclosures and Fields, Proceedings of the Session 'From microprobe to spatial analysis - Enclosed and buried surfaces as key sources in Archaeology and Pedology'}, booktitle = {Archaeology, Soil- and Life-Sciences Applied to Enclosures and Fields, Proceedings of the Session 'From microprobe to spatial analysis - Enclosed and buried surfaces as key sources in Archaeology and Pedology'}, editor = {Fechner, Kai and Devos, Y. and Leopold, M. and V{\"o}lkel, J{\"o}rg}, publisher = {British Archaeological Reports}, address = {Oxford}, pages = {121 -- 131}, language = {en} } @incollection{RaabBruetzkeChristopheletal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Br{\"u}tzke, W. and Christophel, Dominik and V{\"o}lkel, J{\"o}rg and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Reconstruction of the fire history in the Siedlungskammer Burgweinting (Bavaria, Germany) in relation to settlement and environmental history}, series = {Human Interactions with the Geosphere: The Geoarchaeological Perspective, Geological Society, London}, booktitle = {Human Interactions with the Geosphere: The Geoarchaeological Perspective, Geological Society, London}, editor = {Wilson, Lucy}, publisher = {Geological Soc.}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-1-86239-325-7}, doi = {10.1144/SP352.11}, pages = {137 -- 161}, abstract = {Palaeoenvironmental investigations were carried out in the Siedlungskammer (prehistoric settlement area) Burgweinting (Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany) to reveal past settlement conditions and human impact on the environment. Two sequences were obtained from the Islinger M{\"u}hlbach Fen, in close proximity to the archaeological excavation site in Burgweinting, which documents an almost continuous settlement history since the Neolithic Period. The analyses of the sequences comprise stratigraphic, geochemical and microscopic charcoal analyses. For chronological information, radiocarbon dating was conducted on a total of 10 samples. Thus, the first long-term fire record was reconstructed for the investigation area, and the results were correlated, based on radiocarbon dating, with the available environmental information and settlement history in the Siedlungskammer Burgweinting. The fire record reveals an almost continuous, but alternating fire history. Furthermore, it shows that fire played an important role in the Siedlungskammer Burgweinting and that most probably as early as the Mesolithic hunterer-gatherers deliberately used fire.}, language = {en} } @misc{KruemmelbeinBensRaabetal., author = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Bens, Oliver and Raab, Thomas and Naeth, M. Anne}, title = {A history of lignite coal mining and reclamation practices in Lusatia, eastern Germany}, series = {Canadian journal of soil science}, volume = {92}, journal = {Canadian journal of soil science}, number = {1}, issn = {1918-1841}, pages = {53 -- 66}, language = {en} } @misc{KoelblSteffensWiesmeieretal., author = {K{\"o}lbl, Angelika and Steffens, Markus and Wiesmeier, Martin and Hoffmann, Carsten and Funk, Roger and Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Reszkowska, Agnieszka and Zhao, Ying and Peth, Stephan and Horn, Rainer and Giese, Marcus and K{\"o}gel-Knabner, Ingrid}, title = {Grazing changes topography-controlled topsoil properties and their interaction on different spatial scales in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia, P.R. China}, series = {Plant and Soil}, volume = {340}, journal = {Plant and Soil}, number = {1-2}, issn = {1573-5036}, pages = {35 -- 58}, language = {en} } @misc{ReszkowskaKruemmelbeinPethetal., author = {Reszkowska, Agnieszka and Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Peth, Stephan and Horn, Rainer and Zhao, Ying and Gan, Lei}, title = {Influence of grazing on hydraulic and mechanical properties of semiarid steppe soils under different vegetation type in Inner Mongolia, China}, series = {Plant and Soil}, volume = {340}, journal = {Plant and Soil}, number = {1-2}, issn = {1573-5036}, pages = {59 -- 72}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MaurerSchneiderGerke, author = {Maurer, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Gerke, Horst H.}, title = {Modelling the initial structure dynamics of soil and sediment exemplified for a constructed hydrological catchment}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Knowledge about spatial heterogeneity is of essential for the analysis of the hydrological catchment behavior. Heterogeneity is directly related to the distribution of the solid phase, and in initial hydrological systems, the solid phase is mainly composed of mineral particles. In artificial catchments, such sediment structures relate to the applied construction technology. It is supposed that the development of catchment ecosystems is strongly influenced by such specific initial spatial distributions of the solid phase. Moreover, during the initial development period, the primary structures in a catchment are altered rapidly by translocation processes, thereby subdividing the initial system in different compartments. Questions are: How does initial sediment distribution affect further structural development? How is catchment hydrology influenced by the initial structural development? What structures have a relevant impact on catchment-scale hydrological behavior?}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Extending and simplifying the standard K{\"o}hn-pipette technique for grain size analysis}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Grain size distribution is a fundamental parameter to characterize physical properties of soils and sediments. Manifold approaches exist and according to the DIN ISO 11277 soil texture is analyzed by default with the combined pipette sieving and sedimentation method developed by K{\"o}hn.With this standard technique subfractions of sand and silt as well as the total clay content can be determined but the differentiation of clay subfractions is impossible. As the differentiation of the clay subfractions yields relevant information about pedogenesis, we present a protocol basing on standard techniques of granulometry with easy to handle and low cost equipment. The protocol was tested on a set of soil samples to cover the range of grain size distributions.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Contradictory indications from terrestrial archives for the asynchronous LGM glaciation in the Central Spanish Pyrenees}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Studies from several Mediterranean sites suggest a nonuniform glaciation during the last glacial cycle. For the Pyrenees an asynchronous maximum ice extent compared to the global last glacial maximum (LGM) is controversially discussed. Our study sites are located in the Central Spanish Pyrenees, namely the Aragon and Gallego Valley. Both valleys are type locations for the Pleistocene glaciations and the early maximum ice extent for the Pyrenees was dated amongst other sites in the Gallego Valley to about 36 ka. Due to the potential time span since the earlier deglaciation compared to LGM sites from Central Europe we used a pedological and sedimentological approach to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape development. Our results indicate a considerable reshaping of the LGM landscape prior to the onset of the Holocene. The LGM tills are covered by a deposit with high content of fine sand and coarse silt. On the slopes the clasts in these fine-grained sediments are aligned parallel to the slope direction, whereas in the underlaying tills the clasts are aligned rectangular to the slope direction and therefore representing the direction of the Pleistocene glacier movement.We attribute the alignment of the clasts in the sediment covering the tills to solifluction induced by periglacial conditions. The high contents of coarse silt and fine sand are also characteristic for the eolian component in periglacial slope deposits. OSL datings suggest an age of about 14 ka for these sediments. Soil micromorphology shows that the periglacial deposits were not subject to intensive pedogenic processes prior to the sedimentation but that profiles are strongly affected by lessivation after deposition. Soil erosion is only evident during the Holocene and we associate these phases of soil erosion with the human impact. We found no indications for geomorphologic and pedogenic processes between the reported deposition of the LGM till around 36 ka and theperiglacial conditions dated in our study to about 14 ka.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderGerkeMaureretal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Gerke, Horst H. and Maurer, Thomas and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Initial phases of landform evolution in a small catchment}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {During initial phases of landform evolution, the surface of sediment bodies is commonly not yet equilibrated with the environmental conditions and is thus liable to rapid changes by accelerated geomorphic activity. Geomorphic processes acting during these early development phases depend on the initial sediment composition and the subsurface and surface structures of the geosystem; at the same time, these processes lead to landscape structures that constitute boundary conditions for further ecosystem development.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchwabBrauerBlaszkiewiczetal., author = {Schwab, Markus and Brauer, Achim and Blaszkiewicz, Miroslaw and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin and Blume, Theresa}, title = {The Virtual Institute of Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses - ICLEA}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {The GFZ, Greifswald University and the Brandenburg University of Technology together with their partner the Polish Academy of Sciences strive for focusing their research capacities and expertise in a Helmholtz Virtual Institute for Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses (ICLEA). The Coordination Team is based at the GFZ in Potsdam and consists of a permanent scientific manager and administrative personnel. ICLEA offers young researchers an interdisciplinary and structured education and promote their early independence through coaching and mentoring. Postdoctoral rotation positions at the ICLEA partner institutions ensure mobility of young researchers and promote dissemination of information and expertise between disciplines. Training, Research and Analytical workshops between research partners of the ICLEA virtual institute are another important measure to qualify young researchers.}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschSchneiderNicolayetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Nicolay, Alexander and Blaszkiewicz, Miroslaw and Kordowski, Jarosław and Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. and Tyszkowski, Sebastian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Late Quaternary landscape development at the margin of the Pomeranian phase (MIS 2) near Lake Wygonin (Northern Poland)}, series = {Catena}, volume = {124}, journal = {Catena}, issn = {0341-8162}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2014.08.018}, pages = {28 -- 44}, abstract = {In Central Europe, Late Quaternary landscapes experienced multiple phases of geomorphologic activity. In this study,we used a combined geomorphological, pedological, sedimentological and palynological approach to characterize landscape development after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) near Lake Wygonin in Northern Poland. The pedostratigraphical findings from soil pits and drillings were extrapolated using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electric resistivity tomography (ERT). During the Pomeranian phase, glacial and fluvioglacial processes dominated the landscape near Lake Wygonin. At the end of the glacial period, periglacial processes became relevant and caused the formation of ventifacts and coversands containing coated sand grains. At approximately 15,290-14,800 cal yr BP, a small pond formed in a kettle hole (profile BWI2). The lacustrine sediments lack eolian sand components and therefore indicate the decline of eolian processes during that time. The increase of Juniperus and rock-rose (Helianthemum) in the pollen diagram is a prominent marker of the Younger Dryas. At the end of the Younger Dryas, a partial reshaping of the landscape is indicated by abundant charcoal fragments in disturbed lake sediments. No geomorphologic activity since the beginning of the Holocene is documented in the terrestrial and wetland archives. The anthropogenic impact is reflected in the pollen diagram by the occurrence of rye pollen grains (Secale cereale) and translocated soil sediments dated to 1560-1410 cal yr BP, proving agricultural use of the immediate vicinity. With the onset of land use, gully incision and the accumulation of colluvial fans reshaped the landscape locally. Since 540-460 cal yr BP, further gully incision in the steep forest tracks has been associated with the intensification of forestry. Outside of the gully catchments, the weakly podzolized Rubic Brunic Arenosols show no features of Holocene soil erosion.}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Geophysical prospection on Late Quaternary sediments in the Gallego Valley, Central Spanish Pyrenees}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Geomorphologie, Suppl.}, volume = {58}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Geomorphologie, Suppl.}, number = {3}, issn = {1864-1687}, doi = {10.1127/0372-8854/2014/S-00165}, pages = {47 -- 62}, abstract = {This study aims to characterize the Late Quaternary stratigraphy in a type region of Pleistocene glaciation in the Central Spanish Pyrenees by using geophysical prospection techniques to extrapolate stratigraphical field information from soil pits. The main objectives are (i) to identify the thickness of the Quaternary sediments, (ii) to characterize the internal structures and stratifications within the Quaternary deposits and (iii) to test the validity of combined geophysical prospection techniques, including shallow seismic refraction (SSR) and electric resistivity tomography (ERT). We focus on two selected study sites: the Late Pleistocene terminal moraine at Seneg{\"u}{\´e} on the bottom of the G{\´a}llego Valley and a Pleistocene non-glaciated slope located nearby. This study proves that information about the depth, structure and distribution of Late Quaternary sediments (glacial, periglacial and fluvial) can be gathered by the combination of geophysical techniques (SSR and ERT). These techniques allow for a reliable, inexpensive and fast extrapolation of stratification information from soil pits and enable Late Quaternary and Eocene sediments to be distinguished. The reconstruction of the sediment genesis is facilitated by the geophysical techniques due to the potential to prospect the internal structures of large areas.}, language = {en} } @misc{NicolayRaabRaabetal., author = {Nicolay, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and R{\"o}sler, Horst and B{\"o}nisch, Eberhard and Murray, Andrew S.}, title = {Evidence of (pre-) historic to modern landscape and land use history near J{\"a}nschwalde (Brandenburg, Germany)}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Geomorphologie, Suppl.}, volume = {58}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Geomorphologie, Suppl.}, number = {2}, issn = {1864-1687}, doi = {10.1127/0372-8854/2014/S-00162}, pages = {7 -- 31}, abstract = {In the apron of the active lignite opencast pit J{\"a}nschwalde (Brandenburg, Germany), three archaeological survey trenches were investigated in an area where aeolian sand deposits are widespread. The investigated sediment sequences contain evidence of aeolian morphodynamics, soil formation and agricultural land use. To study the age and the causes of sand drifting and surface stabilization, standard soil physical and chemical laboratory analyses as well as optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating (14C) were carried out. Two main sedimentological units were identified: Unit 1 consists of glacio-fluvial and Late Glacial aeolian sands representing the parent material for the native Podsol- Braunerde, while Unit 2 represents the Late Holocene aeolian deposits. Four periods of Late Glacial and Holocene aeolian activity and three phases of geomorphological stability have been identified: (i) Aeolian sedimentation during the Late Glacial, (ii) Mesolithic reactivation of aeolian processes, (iii) soil formation until Late Roman Iron Age settlers intensified the agricultural land use, (iv) intensive drift sand formation during the High Middle Ages due to agricultural expansion, (v) stabilization of the drift sands and weak soil formation, (vi) reactivation of aeolian processes due to the increasing wood consumption and charcoal production from the early 17th until the mid-19th century, (vii) surface stabilization and formation of Regosols since the mid-19th century due to afforestation.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KnoopDornackDietrichetal., author = {Knoop, Christine and Dornack, Christina and Dietrich, Nils and Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Quality and condition of residues from organic waste fermentation with regard to its usage as soil amendment}, series = {Proceedings, Fifth International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste, San Servolo, Venice, Italy, 17-20 November 2014}, booktitle = {Proceedings, Fifth International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste, San Servolo, Venice, Italy, 17-20 November 2014}, publisher = {CISA Publisher}, address = {Padova}, abstract = {The input of biowaste material in biogas plants has increased in the recent years. With that comes a certain amount of residues that can potentially be applied as organic soil amendment in order to recycle nutrients and to maintain and improve soil functions. The aim of this article is to give an impression of preliminary results of our study on characteristics of solid fermentation residues from different German biogas plants using organic waste material as main input substrate. A fundamental analysis shall reveal information such as material composition, nutrient and heavy metal concentration and impurity content. These characteristics are compared to existing data on composts and residues from organic waste treatment and will be evaluated in the context of organic amendment application.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Raab, author = {Raab, Thomas}, title = {Defining Point Zero of Pedogenesis - What About Pre-Industrial Land Use?}, series = {2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia (19-22 October 2014)}, booktitle = {2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia (19-22 October 2014)}, publisher = {Geological Society of America}, address = {Boulder, Colo.}, pages = {S. 37}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabRaabSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Nicolay, Alexander and Takla, Melanie and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Pre-Industrial Charcoal Kilns in the Northern European Lowland - Hidden Land Use Structures Detected by LIDAR}, series = {2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia (19-22 October 2014)}, booktitle = {2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia (19-22 October 2014)}, publisher = {Geological Society of America}, address = {Boulder, Colo.}, pages = {S. 96}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Extending and simplifying the standard K{\"o}hn-pipette technique for grain size analysis}, series = {3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age}, booktitle = {3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age}, editor = {Schwab, Markus J. and Theuerkauf, Martin and Brauer, Achim and Wilmking, Martin and Lampe, Reinhard}, publisher = {GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028}, pages = {40}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{SutLohmann, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena}, title = {Detection and behavior of iron-cyanide complexes in soils of a former Manufactured Gas Plant site}, publisher = {BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg}, address = {Cottbus}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-40631}, pages = {147}, abstract = {In Germany, soil and groundwater atmore than a thousand sites are contaminatedwith ironcyanide complexes. These contaminations originate from the gas purification p process that was conducted inManufactured Gas Plants (MGP).There is a risk of human threat depending on the stability dissolved iron-cyanide complexes due to the potential release of toxic free cyanide, CN(aq) and HCN(g), (aq). The aim of this thesis was to evaluate a new method for the cyanide detection and to investigate the stability and retardation of the iron-cyanide complexes in soils by batch and column experiments in order to improve the knowledge concerning the fate of cyanide compounds in soil and groundwater. This study seeks for enhancing the efficiency of phytoremediation as a proper approach to decontaminate ironcyanides complexes and thus tries to make a contribution to environmental protection.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schneider, author = {Schneider, Anna}, title = {Spatial and temporal development of sediment mass balances during the initial phase of landform evolution in a small catchment}, publisher = {BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg}, address = {Cottbus}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-40621}, pages = {XV, 239}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchwabBrauerBłaszkiewiczetal., author = {Schwab, Markus J. and Brauer, Achim and Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin}, title = {Bridging long proxy data time series and instrumental observation in the Virtual Institute of Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses - ICLEA}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderHirschRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Wechler, Klaus-Peter}, title = {Reconstructing spatial and temporal patterns of soil formation in an anthropogenic drift sand area in Northeastern Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @misc{Raab, author = {Raab, Thomas}, title = {Was ist eigentlich Geopedologie?}, series = {Forschung \& Lehre : alles was die Wissenschaft bewegt}, volume = {22}, journal = {Forschung \& Lehre : alles was die Wissenschaft bewegt}, number = {8}, issn = {0945-5604}, pages = {646 -- 647}, abstract = {Die Geopedologie kann den Erd- und Umweltwissenschaften zugerechnet werden. Sie hat ihre Wurzeln in der Geomorphologie und der Bodenkunde. Hinzu kommen Aspekte der Geologie, der Mineralogie und Petrologie. Geforscht wird interdisziplin{\"a}r.}, language = {de} } @misc{ByizigiroRaabMaurer, author = {Byizigiro, Rutazuyaza Vaillant and Raab, Thomas and Maurer, Thomas}, title = {Small-scale opencast mining: an important research field for anthropogenic geomorphology}, series = {Die Erde}, volume = {146}, journal = {Die Erde}, number = {4}, doi = {10.12854/erde-146-21}, pages = {213 -- 231}, abstract = {Artisanal and small-scale mining (A\&SM) is a growing economic sector in many third-world countries. This review focuses on anthropo-geomorphic factors and processes associated with small-scale opencast mining (SSOM), a form of A\&SM in which near-surface ores are extracted by removing relatively thin covers of soil, bedrock or sediments. Being widespread and commonly conducted without proper planning and beyond the control of local authorities, this form of mining has potentially large impacts on landforms and landscape dynamics, often resulting in drastic consequences for the local environment and agriculture. SSOM should be regarded as a component of anthropogenic geomorphology because it involves the role of humans in creating landforms and modifying the operation of natural geomorphological processes, such as weathering, erosion, transport and deposition. By initiating new and modifying natural geomorphic processes, SSOM causes and/or accelerates geomorphic processes, resulting in various forms of land degradation. While the direct geomorphic impact of SSOM is in general easily discernible and leads to characteristic features, such as excavated pits and overburden spoil heaps, many secondary impacts are attributed to geomorphic processes triggered in the wake of the primary mining-induced landscape alterations. The magnitude of such secondary implications may well extend beyond the actual mining areas, but these effects have not been thoroughly addressed in the research so far. This review summarizes the known studies on the geomorphic impacts of SSOM operations and highlights common geomorphic processes and landforms associated with this type of anthropogenic activity, thus establishing a starting point for further in-depth research.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderHirschFritschetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Fritsch, Simone and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Hydraulische Eigenschaften von B{\"o}den an historischen Holzkohlemeilerpl{\"a}tzen in Brandenburg}, series = {Unsere B{\"o}den - unser Leben, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 2. - 10. September 2015, M{\"u}nchen}, booktitle = {Unsere B{\"o}den - unser Leben, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 2. - 10. September 2015, M{\"u}nchen}, publisher = {Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Human impact on late Quaternary landscapes in the Central Spanish Pyrenees}, series = {AGU Meeting Abstract, 2011 Fall Meeting San Francisco 2011}, booktitle = {AGU Meeting Abstract, 2011 Fall Meeting San Francisco 2011}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabHirsch, author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Quart{\"a}re Sedimente und Bodenbildung in den Aragonesischen Pyren{\"a}en}, series = {AK Geomorphologie, Jahrestagung 2010 in Frankfurt am Main/Schmitten}, booktitle = {AK Geomorphologie, Jahrestagung 2010 in Frankfurt am Main/Schmitten}, editor = {Wunderlich, J. and Houben, P.}, publisher = {Goethe Universit{\"a}t, Institut f{\"u}r Physische Geographie}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, pages = {S. 38}, language = {de} } @misc{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Stratigraphy and distribution of Late Quaternary sediments in the Aragon- and Gallego Valley (Aragonese Pyrenees, Spain)}, series = {Quaternary International}, volume = {279-280}, journal = {Quaternary International}, doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.370}, pages = {S. 202}, abstract = {Within the scope of the research project post-LGM pedogenesis and geomorphodynamics in the Aragonese Pyrenees (Spain), funded by the DFG (Az RA 931/3-1), soils and sediments are used to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape formation. By employing multiple field and laboratory methods, several sediment facies (glacial, periglacial, fluvial and anthropogenic induced colluvial displacement) can be distinguished. Due to small scale horizontal and vertical distribution of the Quaternary sediments, the genetic differentiation is crucial for the dating of periglacial and glacial phases. The polygenetic sediment sequences indicate periods of post-glacial geomorphodynamic, probably induced by changing climatic or anthropogenic influences. The glacial sediments are preserved as lateral and terminal moraines. Due to the arrangement of the moraines, several Pleistocene glacial advances can be recognized. Cold climate conditions led to the formation of periglacial slope deposits which are classified as lower and upper heads in accordance to findings from Central Europe (Raab \& V{\"o}lkel 2003, Raab et al. 2010). Although lower heads are restricted to the Pleistocene extraglacial landscape, upper heads can be located in the Pleistocene extraglacial and glacial landscape. Upper heads are characterized by a high amount of silt, which is interpreted as the result of an aeolian admixture. The aeolian component is not limited to the upper head but can also be found as loess deposit on glaciofluvial and fluvial terraces. Due to the characteristically low inclination of the terraces the aeolian cover was only sparsely affected by erosion. On the other hand, on steeper slopes, intensive land use results in residual shallow sediment cover above the bedrock in the upper slopes and deep colluvial layers on the foot slopes and valley bottoms.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Sedimentologische Untersuchungen zur quart{\"a}ren Landschaftsgeschichte in den Aragonesischen Pyren{\"a}en}, series = {AK Geomorphologie, Jahrestagung 2010 in Frankfurt am Main/Schmitten}, booktitle = {AK Geomorphologie, Jahrestagung 2010 in Frankfurt am Main/Schmitten}, editor = {Wunderlich, J. and Houben, P.}, publisher = {Goethe Universit{\"a}t, Institut f{\"u}r Physische Geographie}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, pages = {S. 19}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{TuruHirschPenaMonneetal., author = {Turu, Valenti and Hirsch, Florian and Pena-Monne, J. L. and Raab, Thomas and Ros, X. and Marti-Bono, Carlos and Constante-Orrios, A.}, title = {Prospeccion geofisica y geomecanica de la ribera de Biescas (pirineos centrales): estructura del relleno sedimentario del fondo del valle y los sedimentos de vertiente}, series = {Resums XIII Reunio Nacional de Quaternari, AEQUA, Andorra 2011}, booktitle = {Resums XIII Reunio Nacional de Quaternari, AEQUA, Andorra 2011}, editor = {Turu, Valenti and Constante, Ana}, publisher = {Imp. Envalira [u.a.]}, address = {Andorra la Vella}, isbn = {978-99920-1-861-3}, pages = {81 -- 83}, language = {es} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Post-LGM-zeitliche Pedogenese und Geomorphodynamik in den Spanischen Zentralpyren{\"a}en}, series = {Jahrestagung 2012, 10. - 13. Oktober 2012 in M{\"u}nchen/Campus Weihenstephan, Deutscher Arbeitskreis f{\"u}r Geomorphologie, Tagungsband zur Critical Zone-Forschung}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung 2012, 10. - 13. Oktober 2012 in M{\"u}nchen/Campus Weihenstephan, Deutscher Arbeitskreis f{\"u}r Geomorphologie, Tagungsband zur Critical Zone-Forschung}, editor = {V{\"o}lkel, J{\"o}rg}, publisher = {M{\"u}nchen}, address = {Technische Universit{\"a}t}, pages = {S. 26}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HirschNicolaySchneideretal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Nicolay, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław and Kordowski, Jarosław and Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. and Tyszkowski, Sebastian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Sp{\"a}tquart{\"a}re Landschaftsentwicklung seit der Pommerschen Phase in Wygonin (Nordpolen)}, series = {Jahrestagung des AK Geomorphologie in Kiel 2014}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung des AK Geomorphologie in Kiel 2014}, editor = {Bork, Hans-Rudolf and Dreibrodt, Stefan and Duttmann, Rainer and Unkel, Ingmar}, publisher = {Christian-Albrechts-Universit{\"a}t}, address = {Kiel}, pages = {S. 66}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Reliktische Bodenbildung in den Spanischen Zentralpyren{\"a}en als Hinweis auf sp{\"a}tquart{\"a}re Klimawechsel}, series = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Berlin, Potsdam}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Berlin, Potsdam}, publisher = {Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Soil formation on Late Quaternary sediments in the Central Pyrenees (Spain)}, series = {Landscapes and soils through time, proceedings, Hohenheim, July 28th - August 01th, 2011}, booktitle = {Landscapes and soils through time, proceedings, Hohenheim, July 28th - August 01th, 2011}, editor = {Sauer, Daniela and Jahn, Reinhold and Stahr, Karl}, address = {Hohenheim}, pages = {4 -- 5}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Distribution, formation and chronology of Late Quaternary sediments in the Central Spanish Pyrenees}, series = {8th International Conference (IAG) on Geomorphology, IAG, Paris, 27 - 31 August 2013, abstract volume}, booktitle = {8th International Conference (IAG) on Geomorphology, IAG, Paris, 27 - 31 August 2013, abstract volume}, publisher = {International Association of Geomorphologists}, address = {Paris}, pages = {S. 342}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Micromorphology and macrofabrics of Late Quaternary sediments in the Aragonese Pyrenees, Spain}, series = {8th International Conference (IAG) on Geomorphology, IAG, Paris, 27 - 31 August 2013, abstract volume}, booktitle = {8th International Conference (IAG) on Geomorphology, IAG, Paris, 27 - 31 August 2013, abstract volume}, publisher = {International Association of Geomorphologists}, address = {Paris}, pages = {S. 1018}, abstract = {Within the scope of the research project Post-LGM pedogenesis and geomorphodynamics in the Aragonese Pyrenees we used a combination of field and laboratory methods to differentiate and classify Late Quaternary sediments. Our analyses indicate no post sedimentary erosion of the LGM lateral moraines in the Aragon and Gallego valley. Precipitation of calcium carbonate led to the fixation of the diamictons and thus stabilized the glacial landforms. Clasts in the glacial sediments are orientated parallel to the Pleistocene glacial flow direction and therefore underpin the stability of the glacial deposits during paraglacial times. Grain size analyses and OSL ages indicate the covering of glacial sediments by an eolian deposit before the onset of the Holocene.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DietrichKnoopKruemmelbeinetal., author = {Dietrich, Nils and Knoop, Christine and Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Einfluss der Ausbringung von aufbereiteten G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nden aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung auf bodenphysikalische Eigenschaften}, series = {DBG Jahrestagung 2015, M{\"u}nchen, 7.-11. September 2015}, booktitle = {DBG Jahrestagung 2015, M{\"u}nchen, 7.-11. September 2015}, pages = {1}, abstract = {In Deutschland fallen j{\"a}hrlich ca. 13 Mio t Bioabfall an. Im Zuge der Novellierung des EEG 2014 erfolgte eine Aufhebung aller Sonderverg{\"u}tungen. Da zuk{\"u}nftig keine erh{\"o}hten, einsatzstoffbezogenen Verg{\"u}tungen (z. B. f{\"u}r Mais, Zuckerr{\"u}ben und Getreide) mehr vorgesehen sind, wird sich der Ausbau der Biomasse auf den Einsatz von Reststoffen (z. B. G{\"u}lle und Abfallstoffe) konzentrieren . Aus diesem Grund ist mit einer verst{\"a}rkten Zunahme von G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nden aus Bioabf{\"a}llen zu rechnen. Im Rahmen des vom BMBF gef{\"o}rderten VeNGA-Projektes Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Verwertung und N{\"a}hrstoffnutzung der boden- und pflanzenbezogenen Wirkung von G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nden aus der Abfallverg{\"a}rung, erfolgt die genaue Charakterisierung unterschiedlicher G{\"a}rrestprodukte und Aufbereitungsverfahren hinsichtlich ihrer bodenphysikalischen Wirkung und ihrer Effekte auf Wachstum und Entwicklung von landwirtschaftlichen Kulturen. In dem Projekt werden G{\"a}rprodukte aus zwei Laboranlagen und einer Technikumsanlage mittels vier Verfahren aufbereitet und in Gef{\"a}ßversuchen und einem dreij{\"a}hrigen Feldversuch hinsichtlich ihrer langfristigen boden- und pflanzenbezogenen Wirkung untersucht. Die unterschiedliche Aufbereitung der G{\"a}rreste erfolgt nach der Kompostierung aus demselben Material, in Form von Rollpellets, Presspellets, zerfasertem Kompost und einer Referenzvariante aus gesiebtem Kompost. Bei den unter kontrollierten Bedingungen im Gew{\"a}chshaus durchgef{\"u}hrten viermonatigen Gef{\"a}ßversuchen wurden die G{\"a}rprodukte unter Sommerweizen und im Feldversuch unter Hirse, Senf und Gr{\"u}nroggen getestet. Erste Ergebnisse nach dem ersten Versuchsjahr zeigen sowohl f{\"u}r die Gef{\"a}ßversuche als auch im Freilandversuch einen positiven Effekt f{\"u}r die Rollpellets auf den Biomasseertrag im Vergleich zu den anderen Aufbereitungsvarianten. Aufgrund des gleichen Ausgangsmaterials der verschiedenen Varianten deutet der Mehrertrag bei der Applikation der Rollpellets auf eine positive bodenphysikalische Wirkung und verbesserte Porenverh{\"a}ltnissen, die mit einer Steigerung des Wasserhalteverm{\"o}gens einhergeht, hin. Des Weiteren besitzen die Rollpellets im Vergleich zu den anderen getesteten Varianten gute Lager-, Transport- und Applikationseigenschaften. Auch konnte in Rhizotronenversuch gezeigt werden, dass die verschieden G{\"a}rrestprodukte unterschiedliche Einfl{\"u}sse auf das Wurzelwachstum von Sommerweizen besitzen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KnoopDietrichHeinrichetal., author = {Knoop, Christine and Dietrich, Nils and Heinrich, Martina and Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Aufbereitung von Bioabfall-G{\"a}rresten zur Nutzung als Bodenverbesserer}, series = {Tagungsband, 10. Biogastagung - Anaerobe Biologische Abfallbehandlung, 29.-30. Semtember 2015, Dresden}, booktitle = {Tagungsband, 10. Biogastagung - Anaerobe Biologische Abfallbehandlung, 29.-30. Semtember 2015, Dresden}, publisher = {Forum f{\"u}r Abfallwirtschaft und Altlasten e.V.}, address = {Pirna}, pages = {177 -- 186}, abstract = {Mit der Implementierung des Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetzes (KrWG) im Jahr 2012 hat sich die Bundesregierung gesetzlich auf eine getrennte Erfassung von Bioabf{\"a}llen in privaten Haushalten ab Januar 2015 festgelegt. Bioabf{\"a}lle werden in Deutschland bereits in {\"u}ber 100 Biogasanlagen eingesetzt und k{\"o}nnten in Zukunft verst{\"a}rkt als G{\"a}rsubstrat genutzt werden. Die nach der Verg{\"a}rung verbleibenden organischen R{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde sollen im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft als organischer Bodenverbesserer auf landwirtschaftliche Fl{\"a}chen r{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt werden. Im Rahmen des VeNGA-Projektes (Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Verwertung und N{\"a}hrstoffnutzung sowie der boden- und pflanzenbezogenen Wirkung von G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nden aus der Abfallverg{\"a}rung) am Lehrstuhl Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universit{\"a}t Cottbus-Senftenberg (BTU) in Zusammenarbeit mit der Firma Grossmann Ingenieur Consult Dresden (GICON) und dem Institut f{\"u}r Stadt{\"o}kologische Projekte Berlin (IASP) sollen Aufbereitungsm{\"o}glichkeiten f{\"u}r R{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung untersucht werden. Im Fokus steht dabei der Einfluss der Substratbehandlung w{\"a}hrend des Biogas- und Aufbereitungsprozesses auf die Eigenschaften der entstehenden D{\"u}ngeprodukte. Die Untersuchungen werden sowohl im Labor als auch im Technikum durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die Charakterisierung der festen G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung hat gezeigt, dass diese ein {\"a}hnliches N{\"a}hrstoffpotential wie Gr{\"u}nd{\"u}nger oder Frischkompost besitzen. Durch den organischen Abbau w{\"a}hrend der Verg{\"a}rung kommt es zur Aufkonzentration von N{\"a}hrstoffen und Schwermetallen in der festen Phase. Der Stickstoff liegt zu durchschnittlich 25 \% in Form von pflanzenverf{\"u}gbarem Ammoni-um vor. W{\"a}hrend der Aufbereitung ist jedoch eine Teiltrocknung der G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde unumg{\"a}nglich, was zun{\"a}chst zum Stickstoffverlust f{\"u}hrt. Es ist also von einer geringen Stickstoffverf{\"u}gbarkeit in den festen G{\"a}rprodukten auszugehen. Der Einsatz der aufbereiteten G{\"a}rprodukte in Topfexperimenten und im Feldversuch hat gezeigt, dass die Ausbringung in Kombination mit Minerald{\"u}ngung zu einem erh{\"o}hten Biomasseertrag f{\"u}hrt. Dies l{\"a}sst eine positive Wirkung der G{\"a}rprodukte auf die Bodeneigenschaften schlussfolgern. Feste G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde k{\"o}nnen bei Erf{\"u}llung der Kriterien nach BioAbfV als organischer Bodenverbesserer eingesetzt werden. Eine Aufbereitung ist hierf{\"u}r in den meisten F{\"a}llen notwendig. Dies gilt insbesondere f{\"u}r Substrate, die vor der Verg{\"a}rung keiner St{\"o}rstoffabscheidung unterzogen werden. Das zweistufige Fest-Fl{\"u}ssig-Verfahren, welches f{\"u}r die Untersuchungen angewendet wird, hat den Vorteil besonders unanf{\"a}llig gegen{\"u}ber St{\"o}rstoffen zu sein. Der St{\"o}rstoffgehalt im G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckstand ist dadurch vergleichsweise h{\"o}her als bei anderen Verfahren, was einen gr{\"o}ßeren Aufbereitungsaufwand nach sich zieht.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchneiderTaklaRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Takla, Melanie and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Towards an inventory of historic charcoal production fields in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderGerkeMaureretal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Gerke, Horst H. and Maurer, Thomas and Seifert, Stefan and Nenov, Rossen and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Evaluation of remotely-sensed DEMs and modification based on plausibility rules and initial sediment budgets of an artificially-created catchment}, series = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms}, volume = {37}, journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms}, number = {7}, issn = {1096-9837}, pages = {708 -- 725}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabKruemmelbeinSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Schneider, Anna and Gerwin, Werner and Maurer, Thomas and Naeth, M. Anne}, title = {Initial Ecosystem Processes as Key Factors of Landscape Development - A Review}, series = {Physical Geography}, volume = {33}, journal = {Physical Geography}, number = {4}, issn = {1930-0557}, pages = {305 -- 343}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderGerkeMaureretal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Gerke, Horst H. and Maurer, Thomas and Nenov, Rossen}, title = {Initial hydro-geomorphic development and rill network evolution in an artificial catchment}, series = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms}, volume = {38}, journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms}, number = {13}, issn = {1096-9837}, doi = {10.1002/esp.3384}, pages = {1496 -- 1512}, abstract = {The formation of erosion rills and gullies is a critical step in land surface development, but possibilities to study initial unaffected surface development under natural conditions and with well-defined initial and boundary conditions are rare. The objective of this study was to characterize rill network development from 'point zero' in the artificially-created catchment 'H{\"u}hnerwasser'. To ensure unaffected development, the study was largely restricted to the analysis of remotely-sensed data. We analyzed a series of photogrammetry-based digital elevation models (DEMs) for 10 points in time, over a period of five years and beginning with the initial state. The evolving erosion rill network was quantitatively described based on mapping from aerial photographs. DEMs and rill network maps were combined to specifically analyze the development of morphometry for different parts of the network and to characterize energy dissipation and connectivity. The restriction to remote-sensing data did not allow for analyzing specific processes governing rill network development, nevertheless, two major development phases could be characterized. We observed a phase of growth of the rill network along with variations in drainage patterns during the first two years of development and a subsequent phase of reduction of its area along with comparably stable patterns. Region-specific analysis of morphometry indicates that, besides effects of changing sediment characteristics and vegetation cover development, locally evolving hydro-geomorphic feedback cycles influenced this development. Results show an increasing similarity of overall statistical characteristics (e.g. drainage density) for two parts of the catchment, but a persistent influence of initial conditions on specific rill geometry. The observed development towards higher orderliness and increased connectivity is consistent with experiments and concepts on drainage network evolution across scales; however, we did not observe major influences of rill piracy and cross grading or a reduction of energy dissipation with network development.}, language = {en} } @misc{GerkeMaurerSchneider, author = {Gerke, Horst H. and Maurer, Thomas and Schneider, Anna}, title = {A Three-Dimensional Structure and Process Model for Integrated Hydro-Geo-Pedologic Analysis of a Constructed Hydrological Catchment}, series = {Vadose zone journal}, volume = {12}, journal = {Vadose zone journal}, number = {4}, issn = {1539-1663}, doi = {10.2136/vzj2013.02.0040}, abstract = {A structure model describes the boundary geometries and the three-dimensional solid phase distributions of the catchment. In contrast to an established ecosystem, feedback relations can be assumed for an initial geosystem between the development of spatial structures and the water and element fluxes. The objective was to develop a hydrological catchment model as a three-dimensional spatial database of the solid phase that allows an integrative analysis, a periodical mass balance, and the generation of distributed model parameters for the developing system. Data were from the constructed catchment "Chicken Creek." The initial texture and bulk density distributions were generated by imitating sediment dumping, segregation, and compaction. Boundary geometries and changes in surface topography due to erosion and sedimentation processes were quantified on the basis of digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from aerial photographs. The catchment was visualized with the three-dimensional software GoCad; the "emergence" of the water table and other structures (e.g., soil horizons, root zone) could be spatially assigned and quantified to identify regions with specific processes. A combination of three-dimensional catchment with time-dependent two-dimensional surface models allowed generating the development of spatially distributed erosion-deposition patterns that formed new initial surfaces. The three-dimensional distributed solid phase structure of the catchment allowed for a more direct comparison with observations using minimal invasive methods. The mass balance of the solids could be related with pedologic development and transfer to other geopedologic systems achieved by adapting sediment transport and deposition in the descriptions of the model. This model may help improve the integrative analysis of hydrological catchments.}, language = {en} } @misc{MaurerSchneiderGerke, author = {Maurer, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Gerke, Horst H.}, title = {Scenario-Based Three-Dimensional Distributed Sediment Structures for a Constructed Hydrological Catchment}, series = {Vadose zone journal}, volume = {12}, journal = {Vadose zone journal}, number = {4}, issn = {1539-1663}, doi = {10.2136/vzj2013.02.0047}, abstract = {Many processes in a developing catchment can only be fully understood if the spatial heterogeneity is adequately described. Process-based modeling allows reproducing specific key structural elements of catchments. Constructed catchments are ideal test objects because of the well-known spatial conditions. In our study, we (i) modeled the entire process chain of catchment construction, (ii) established a consistent sediment mass/ volume balance between the excavated outcrop and the generated catchment model, and (iii) provided consistent three-dimensional distributions of texture and bulk density for deriving soil hydraulic properties. Data are from the 6 ha H{\"u}hnerwasser catchment (Chicken Creek, Lower Lusatia, Germany), which was constructed from overburden sediments in an open-cast lignite mine. Uncertainty about the parent material origin was captured in a multiscenario approach based on a geological model of the outcrop site and the simulation of excavation procedures. Generated distributions are incorporated in a gridded threedimensional volume model (GOCAD), and results were evaluated by semivariogram analysis and by quantifying point-to-point deviations. Filling and compaction are modeled based on three-dimensional volume analysis and mass balances of dumped sediments. Heterogeneities reflect both the batch-wise sediment variation and the succession of excavated geological units. The scale of the generated spatial models can be adjusted for three-dimensional hydrological catchment modeling while three-dimensional sediment mass balances can be used for analyzing soil and ecosystem development processes.}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabTaklaNicolayetal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Takla, Melanie and Nicolay, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and R{\"o}sler, Horst and Heußner, Karl-Uwe and B{\"o}nisch, Eberhard}, title = {Pre-industrial charcoal production in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, Germany): Detection and evaluation of a large charcoal-burning field by combining archaeological studies, GIS-based analyses of shaded-relief maps and dendrochronological age determination}, series = {Quaternary International}, volume = {Vol. 367}, journal = {Quaternary International}, doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2014.09.041}, pages = {111 -- 122}, abstract = {In pre-industrial times, charcoal burning was a common source of energy across Europe. Charcoal production and its related consequences for the upland environment are well known due to historical and palaeoenvironmental research. In recent years, awareness has grown regarding the use of woods in the lowlands for charcoal production. In the last 20 years, a large charcoal-burning field in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, North German Lowlands) was discovered by systematic archaeological excavations of the opencast mine of J{\"a}nschwalde. However, the excavations are limited to the mine, which only covers a portion of the J{\"a}nschwalder Heide and the surrounding forests. In this paper, we present the results of our study regarding the spatial extension and timing of charcoal production in the J{\"a}nschwalder Heide and its surrounding areas. We applied a combined approach using archaeological research results, GIS-analyses of shaded-relief maps (SRMs) and tree-ring dating of selected charcoal kiln remains. Approximately 900 excavated charcoal kiln ground plans were analysed, which provided a solid data basis for our GIS analyses. For an extensive evaluation, we enlarged our study area beyond the limits of the lignite mine. We identified and digitised the remains of the charcoal kilns by creating SRMs from digital elevation models (DEMs) that were based on high-resolution airborne laser scanning data (ALS). The data from the excavated and digitised charcoal kiln remains were analysed in terms of their sizes and spatial distributions. In addition, the dendrochronological ages of 16 selected charcoal kiln remains were determined. This study shows that charcoal production was more extensive than initially proven by archaeological excavations. The remains of more than 5000 charcoal kilns were detected on the SRMs across an area that was twice as large as the excavated charcoal-burning field. In the J{\"a}nschwalder Heide, considerably more charcoal kiln relicts exist compared with the surrounding communal areas. Furthermore, the charcoal kiln remains in the J{\"a}nschwalder Heide have larger diameters, suggesting large-scale charcoal production for supplying energy to the nearby ironworks at Peitz. However, the charcoal production on the communal land was most likely for local crafts. The ages of the charcoal kiln remains indicated that charcoal production occurred between the 17th and 19th centuries, corresponding with the main period of charcoal burning. Overall, our study suggested that charcoal production sites are underestimated in the modern landscapes of the North German Lowlands.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderTaklaNicolayetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Takla, Melanie and Nicolay, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {A Template-matching Approach Combining Morphometric Variables for Automated Mapping of Charcoal Kiln Sites}, series = {Archaeological Prospection}, volume = {22}, journal = {Archaeological Prospection}, number = {1}, issn = {1099-0763}, doi = {10.1002/arp.1497}, pages = {45 -- 62}, abstract = {Analysing the spatial distribution of anthropogenic relief structures can contribute to the understanding of past landuse systems. With automated mapping routines, small relief forms can be detected efficiently from high-resolution digital terrain models (DTMs). In this study, we describe an approach for the automated mapping of charcoal kiln sites from an airborne laser-scanning DTM. The study site is located north of Cottbus, Germany, where an exceptionally large historic charcoal production field has been documented in previous archaeological surveys. The goal of this study was to implement, evaluate and improve an automated GIS-based routine for mapping these features based on the template-matching principle. In addition to the DTM, different morphometric variables were evaluated for their suitability to detect kiln sites. The mapping results were validated against a comprehensive database of kiln sites recorded from archaeological excavations and via manual digitization. The effects of irregular kiln-site geometry and DTM noise were evaluated using synthetic DTMs. The results of the synthetic DTM mapping show that the template-matching results differed depending on the morphometric variable used for the mapping process. In accordance with this observation, a validation of the mapping procedure for the field site suggests that feature mapping can be improved. In particular, the number of false detections can be reduced using a combination of morphometric variables. For the validation area, the kiln sites with diameters of at least 10m were mapped using the automated routine, with detection rates that were close to those of manual digitization. Therefore, the described method can considerably facilitate the mapping and distribution analysis of kiln sites or similar small relief forms that are prominent in a specific landscape.}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabRaabNicolayetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Nicolay, Alexander and Takla, Melanie and Hirsch, Florian and R{\"o}sler, Horst and Bauriegel, Albrecht}, title = {Opencast mines in South Brandenburg (Germany) - archives of Late Quaternary landscape development and human-induced land use changes}, series = {Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences}, volume = {8}, journal = {Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences}, number = {3}, issn = {1866-9565}, doi = {10.1007/s12520-015-0227-6}, pages = {453 -- 466}, abstract = {This study outlines the opportunities for geoarchaeological research in active opencast lignite mines in southern Brandenburg (Germany). Studies on extensive outcrops that address both archaeology and soil geomorphology, combined with a geographical information system (GIS) approach, provide unique insights into human-induced environmental changes in Lower Lusatia and generally improve our understanding of landscape dynamics. We present the most recent results from three case studies and review important findings from the last several years. Studies conducted in opencast mines of Cottbus-Nord and J{\"a}nschwalde focus on (i) Late Quaternary geomorphodynamics and soil development and (ii) past land use and the legacy of agriculture and woodland use. Our results are similar to those in other regions in Central Europe, but we also observe regional differences caused by the local setting, e.g. intensification of soil erosion coinciding with the expansion of farming of cultivated lands in the Slavic Middle Ages. Our research reveals the largest archaeologically investigated area of historical charcoal production in the Northern European Lowland (NEL). We are clearly only beginning to understand the massive dimensions of charcoal production in the region.}, language = {en} } @incollection{TaklaRaabRaab, author = {Takla, Melanie and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Mit dem GIS zur Landschaftsgeschichte. Datengrundlage und Forschungsansatz zum Modell der fr{\"u}hindustriellen Holzkohleproduktion in der J{\"a}nschwalder Heide}, series = {Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier 2009/2010}, booktitle = {Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier 2009/2010}, editor = {Schopper, Franz}, publisher = {Brandenburgisches Landesamt f{\"u}r Denkmalpflege und Arch{\"a}ologisches Landesmuseum}, address = {W{\"u}nsdorf}, isbn = {978-3-910011-73-1}, pages = {267 -- 273}, language = {de} } @incollection{RoeslerBoenischSchopperetal., author = {R{\"o}sler, Horst and B{\"o}nisch, Eberhard and Schopper, Franz and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Pre-industrial Carcoal Production in southern Brandenburg and its impact on the environment}, series = {Landscape Archaeology between Art and Science}, booktitle = {Landscape Archaeology between Art and Science}, editor = {Kluiving, Sjoerd and Guttmann-Bond, Erika}, publisher = {Amsterdam University Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, isbn = {978-90-8964-418-3}, pages = {167 -- 178}, language = {en} }