@incollection{SchaafHagedornZoennchenetal., author = {Schaaf, Wolfgang and Hagedorn, Frank and Z{\"o}nnchen, Claudia and G{\"u}lland, Kathi}, title = {Project A2 - Interactions between soil solution and mineral surfaces: significance for initial element cycling}, series = {Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment (Final report CRC/TR 38)}, booktitle = {Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment (Final report CRC/TR 38)}, editor = {H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and K{\"o}gel-Knabner, Ingrid and Schulin, Rainer and Gerwin, Werner}, publisher = {BTU, Forschungszentrum Landschaftsentwicklung und Bergbaulandschaften (FZLB)}, address = {Cottbus}, pages = {11 -- 24}, language = {en} } @incollection{QuinkensteinBoehmFreese, author = {Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Einsatz einer Bodenfr{\"a}se zur Umwandlung einer Robinien-Kurzumtriebsplantage in Ackerland}, series = {Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers}, booktitle = {Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers}, editor = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Raab, Thomas and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, publisher = {BTU}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-937728-12-4}, pages = {103 -- 109}, language = {de} } @misc{RisseBuhlHagedornDuemigetal., author = {Risse-Buhl, Ute and Hagedorn, Frank and D{\"u}mig, Alexander and Gessner, Mark O. and Schaaf, Wolfgang and Nii-Annang, Seth and Gerull, Linda and Mutz, Michael}, title = {Dynamics, chemical properties and bioavailability of DOC in an early successional catchment}, series = {Biogeosciences Discussion}, volume = {10}, journal = {Biogeosciences Discussion}, number = {1}, issn = {1810-6285}, pages = {1011 -- 1049}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bubner, author = {Bubner, Ben}, title = {Host specificity and biodiversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in pure and mixed stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)}, publisher = {Techn. Univ.}, address = {Cottbus}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-28056}, pages = {209}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchaafZimmermann, author = {Schaaf, Wolfgang and Zimmermann, Claudia}, title = {Effect of pattern formation on C and N turnover heterogeneity in initial soils}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 - 12 April 2013}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 - 12 April 2013}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {The formation of vegetation patterns and hydrological processes, among others, result in soil heterogeneity in newly exposed land surfaces.We studied the effect of these developling structures on carbon and nitrogen trunover in soils of the artificial catchment Chicken Creek (Schaaf et al. 2011, 2012). Substrates with different physical and geochemical properties in combination with different labelled plant litter materials were studied in a microcosm experiment over a period of 80 weeks. Main objectives of the microcosm experiment were to determine the transformation processes of C and N from litter decomposition within the gaseous, liquid and solid phase, the interaction with mineral surfaces and its role for the establishment of biogeochemical cycles. The microcosm experiments were established in a climate chamber at constant 10 °C. In total, 48 soil columns (diameter: 14.4 cm; height: 30 cm) were filled with two different quaternary substrates (sand and loamy sand) representing the textural variation within the catchment at a bulk density of 1.4-1.5 g cm-3. The columns were automatically irrigated with artificial rainwater four times a day with 6.6 ml each (corresponding to 600 mm yr-1). The gaseous phase in the headspace of the microcosms was analyzed continuously for CO2 and N2O concentrations. C and N transformation processes were studied using 13C and 15N labelled litter of two different plant species occurring at the catchment (Lotus corniculatus, Calamagrostis epigejos) that was incorporated into the microcosm surface. By including litter from species with wide distribution within the catchment and soil substrates representing the main variation types of the sediments used for catchment construction we were able to characterize the general function of these sub-patches within the catchment with respect to litter decomposition, soil solution composition, DOC and nutrient leaching, and impact on the mineral soil phase. The results suggest that initial differences in substrate composition in combination with invading vegetation leads to the development of patterns with different biogeochemical process intensities within the catchment. These patterns are not mere additive effects of substrates plus litter, but reflect differences in element cycling.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SutLohmannRepmannRaab, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Repmann, Frank and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Release of iron-cyanide complexes form contaminated soils - Batch and column experiments on substrates from Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) site}, series = {European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 - 12 April 2013}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 - 12 April 2013}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Soils of former Manufactured Gas Plants (MGPs) are often contaminated with iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes that originate from gas purification process. Cyanide is a potentially toxic substance and its presence in soil and groundwater may cause risk for human health as well as for the environment. MGPs were commonly built on the city suburban areas, which have spread ever since. Nowadays, these sites are typically located in inner cities, causing environmental thread, due to the leaching of pollutants. More recently, columns and batch experiments have been used to study fate and mobility of contaminants is soil. The release of iron-cyanide complexes under unsaturated flow conditions was evaluated with eight columns of 30 cm length and a diameter of 5,4 cm. Cyanide concentrations in the collected leachates were measured with Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). Additionally pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and various ion concentrations were determined. In order to compare the release of Fe-CN complexes in saturated conditions a batch experiment was conducted, where in defined time intervals, 1 ml of the extract water phase was analyzed for CN concentration. Study revealed an analogous trend of cyanide release in both experiments indicating primarily the release of formerly dissolved phase (hexacyanoferrates) followed by continual dissolution of ferric ferrocyanide. We conclude that batch experiments, conducted prior to column analysis, can serve as preliminary prediction of the water soluble cyanide fraction under unsaturated conditions.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SutLohmannFischerRepmannetal., author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Fischer, Thomas and Repmann, Frank and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Feasibility of field portable near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to determine cyanide concentrations in soil}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 - 12 April 2013}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 - 12 April 2013}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {In Germany, at more than 1000 sites, soil is polluted with an anthropogenic contaminant in form of iron-cyanide complexes. These contaminations are caused by former Manufactured Gas Plants (MGPs), where electricity for lighting was produced in the process of coal gasification. The production of manufactured gas was restrained in 1950, which caused cessation of MGPs. Our study describes the application of Polychromix Handheld Field Portable Near-Infrared (NIR) Analyzer to predict the cyanide concentrations in soil. In recent times, when the soil remediation is of major importance, there is a need to develop rapid and non-destructive methods for contaminant determination in the field. In situ analysis enables determination of 'hot spots', is cheap and time saving in comparison to laboratory methods. This paper presents a novel usage of NIR spectroscopy, where a calibration model was developed, using multivariate calibration algorithms, in order to determine NIR spectral response to the cyanide concentration in soil samples. As a control, the contaminant concentration was determined using conventional Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). The experiments revealed that portable near-infrared spectrometers could be a reliable device for identification of contamination 'hot spots', where cyanide concentration are higher than 2400 mg kg-1 in the field and >1750 mg kg-1 after sample preparation in the laboratory, but cannot replace traditional laboratory analyses due to high limits of detection.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MosqueraLosadaLamersdorfDuprazetal., author = {Mosquera-Losada, Mar{\´i}a Rosa and Lamersdorf, N. P. and Dupraz, Christian and Rigueiro-Rodr{\´i}guez, A. and Moreno, G. and Burgess, Paul J. and Freese, Dirk and Pantera, A. and Papanastasis, V. and Amaral, P. J. and Palma, J. and Rosatti, A. and Mezzalira, G. and Watte, J. and Briggs, S.}, title = {Presenting the European Agroforestry Federation}, series = {Conference Proceedings, 13th North American Agroforestry Conference, 19-21 Juni 2013 in Charlottetown, Kanada}, booktitle = {Conference Proceedings, 13th North American Agroforestry Conference, 19-21 Juni 2013 in Charlottetown, Kanada}, editor = {Poppy, Laura and Kort, John and Schroeder, Bill and Pollock, Tricia and Soolanayakanahally, Raju}, address = {Charlottetown, Prince Edwards Island, Canada}, pages = {69 -- 70}, abstract = {The European Agroforestry Federation (EURAF) was founded in Paris in December 2011 by almost 250 people coming from 17 European countries. EURAF aims at promoting the adoption of all agroforestry practices across Europe (new and traditional).}, language = {en} } @incollection{BoehmQuinkensteinFreese, author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk}, title = {{\"O}konomische Bewertung des Energieholzanbaus in Kurzumtriebsplantagen und Agroforstsystemen im Rekultivierungsbereich des Braunkohletagebaus Welzow-S{\"u}d}, series = {Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers}, booktitle = {Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers}, editor = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Raab, Thomas and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, publisher = {BTU}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-937728-12-4}, pages = {77 -- 102}, language = {de} } @incollection{KruemmelbeinZeihser, author = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Zeihser, Uwe}, title = {Landwirtschaftliche Versuchsfl{\"a}che Tagebau J{\"a}nschwalde - Versuchsdesign und Fl{\"a}chenherstellung}, series = {Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers}, booktitle = {Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers}, editor = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Raab, Thomas and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, publisher = {BTU}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-937728-12-4}, pages = {3 -- 15}, language = {de} } @misc{SchaafElmerFischeretal., author = {Schaaf, Wolfgang and Elmer, Michael and Fischer, Anton and Gerwin, Werner and Nenov, Rossen and Pretzsch, Hans and Zaplata, Markus Klemens}, title = {Feedbacks between vegetation, surface structures and hydrology during initial development of the artificial catchment 'Chicken Creek'}, series = {Procedia Environmental Sciences}, volume = {19}, journal = {Procedia Environmental Sciences}, issn = {1878-0296}, doi = {10.1016/j.proenv.2013.06.010}, pages = {86 -- 95}, abstract = {Our investigations at the artificial catchment ´Chicken Creek´ in Lusatia/Germany aim to disentangle and understand the feedback mechanisms and interrelationships of processes and their co-development with spatial and temporal structures and patterns by studying this initial, probably less complex ecosystem. Intensive measurements were carried out in the catchment with regard to the development of surface structures, hydrological patterns, and vegetation dynamics. During the first seven years, considerable changes within the catchment were observed. Both internal and external factors could be identified as driving forces for the formation of structures and patterns in the artificial catchment. Initial structures formed by the construction process and initial substrate characteristics were decisive for the distribution and flow of water. External factors like episodic events triggered erosion and dissection during this initial phase, promoted by the low vegetation cover and the unconsolidated sandy substrate. The transformation of the initial geo-system into areas with evolving terrestrial or aquatic characteristics and from a very episodic to a more permanent stream network and discharge, together with the observed vegetation dynamics increased site diversity and heterogeneity with respect to water and nutrient availability and transformation processes compared to the more homogenous conditions at point zero. The processes and feedback mechanisms in the initial development of a new landscape may deviate in rates, intensity and dominance from those known from mature ecosystems. It is therefore crucial to understand these early phases of ecosystem development and to disentangle the increasingly complex interactions between the evolving terrestrial and aquatic, biotic and abiotic compartments of the system. Artificially created catchments could be a suitable tool to study these initial developments at the landscape scale under known, designed and defined boundary conditions.}, language = {en} } @misc{ElmerGerwinSchaafetal., author = {Elmer, Michael and Gerwin, Werner and Schaaf, Wolfgang and Zaplata, Markus Klemens and Hohberg, Karin and Nenov, Rossen and Bens, Oliver and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Dynamics of initial ecosystem development at the artificial catchment Chicken Creek, Lusatia, Germany}, series = {Environmental Earth Sciences}, volume = {69}, journal = {Environmental Earth Sciences}, number = {2}, issn = {1866-6299}, pages = {491 -- 505}, language = {en} } @misc{BoldtBurischGerkeNiiAnnangetal., author = {Boldt-Burisch, Katja and Gerke, Horst H. and Nii-Annang, Seth and Schneider, Bernd Uwe and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Root system development of Lotus corniculatus L. in calcareous sands with embedded finer-textured fragments in an initial soil}, series = {Plant and Soil}, volume = {368}, journal = {Plant and Soil}, number = {1-2}, doi = {10.1007/s11104-012-1505-z}, pages = {281 -- 296}, language = {en} } @misc{FeldererBoldtBurischSchneideretal., author = {Felderer, Bernd and Boldt-Burisch, Katja and Schneider, Bernd Uwe and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and Schulin, Rainer}, title = {Root growth of Lotus corniculatus interacts with P distribution in young sandy soil}, series = {Biogeosciences}, volume = {10}, journal = {Biogeosciences}, number = {3}, issn = {1726-4189}, pages = {1737 -- 1749}, language = {en} } @misc{BadorreckGerkeHuettl, author = {Badorreck, Annika and Gerke, Horst H. and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Morphology of physical soil crusts and infiltration patterns in an artificial catchment}, series = {Soil \& Tillage Research}, volume = {129}, journal = {Soil \& Tillage Research}, issn = {0167-1987}, pages = {1 -- 8}, language = {en} } @misc{EsperschuetzZimmermannDuemigetal., author = {Espersch{\"u}tz, J{\"u}rgen and Zimmermann, Claudia and D{\"u}mig, Alexander and Welzl, G. and Buegger, Franz and Elmer, Michael and Munch, Jean Charles and Schloter, Michael}, title = {Dynamics of microbial communities during decomposition of litter from pioneering plants in initial soil ecosystems}, series = {Biogeosciences}, volume = {10}, journal = {Biogeosciences}, issn = {1726-4189}, doi = {10.5194/bg-10-5115-2013}, pages = {5115 -- 5124}, abstract = {In initial ecosystems, concentrations of all macro- and micronutrients can be considered as extremely low. Plant litter therefore strongly influences the development of a degrader's food web and is an important source for C and N input into soil in such ecosystems. In the present study, a 13C litter decomposition field experiment was performed for 30 weeks in initial soils from a post-mining area near the city of Cottbus (Germany). Two of this region's dominant but contrasting pioneering plant species (Lotus corniculatus L. and Calamagrostis epigejos L.) were chosen to investigate the effects of litter quality on the litter decomposing microbial food web in initially nutrient-poor substrates. The results clearly indicate the importance of litter quality, as indicated by its N content, its bioavailability for the degradation process and the development of microbial communities in the detritusphere and soil. The degradation of the L. corniculatus litter, which had a low C / N ratio, was fast and showed pronounced changes in the microbial community structure 1-4 weeks after litter addition. The degradation of the C. epigejos litter material was slow and microbial community changes mainly occurred between 4 and 30 weeks after litter addition to the soil. However, for both litter materials clear indication of the importance of fungi for the degradation process was observed both in terms of fungal abundance and activity (13C incorporation activity).}, language = {en} } @misc{RisseBuhlHagedornDuemigetal., author = {Risse-Buhl, Ute and Hagedorn, Frank and D{\"u}mig, Alexander and Gessner, Mark O. and Schaaf, Wolfgang and Nii-Annang, Seth and Gerull, Linda and Mutz, Michael}, title = {Dynamics, chemical properties and bioavailability of DOC in an early successional catchment}, series = {Biogeosciences}, volume = {10}, journal = {Biogeosciences}, issn = {1726-4189}, doi = {doi:10.5194/bg-10-4751-2013}, pages = {4751 -- 4765}, language = {en} } @misc{BiberSeifertZaplataetal., author = {Biber, Peter and Seifert, Stefan and Zaplata, Markus Klemens and Schaaf, Wolfgang and Pretzsch, Hans and Fischer, Anton}, title = {Relationships between substrate, surface characteristics, and vegetation in an initial ecosystem}, series = {Biogeosciences}, volume = {10}, journal = {Biogeosciences}, doi = {10.5194/bg-10-8283-2013}, pages = {8283 -- 8303}, abstract = {We investigated surface and vegetation dynamics in the artificial initial ecosystem "Chicken Creek" (Lusatia, Germany) in the years 2006-2011 across a wide spectrum of empirical data. We scrutinized three overarching hypotheses concerning (1) the relations between initial geomorphological and substrate characteristics with surface structure and terrain properties, (2) the effects of the latter on the occurrence of grouped plant species, and (3) vegetation density effects on terrain surface change. Our data comprise and conflate annual vegetation monitoring results, biennial terrestrial laser scans (starting in 2008), annual groundwater levels, and initially measured soil characteristics. The empirical evidence mostly confirms the hypotheses, revealing statistically significant relations for several goal variables: (1) the surface structure properties, local rill density, local relief energy and terrain surface height change; (2) the cover of different plant groups (annual, herbaceous, grass-like, woody, Fabaceae), and local vegetation height; and (3) terrain surface height change showed significant time-dependent relations with a variable that proxies local plant biomass. Additionally, period specific effects (like a calendar-year optimum effect for the occurrence of Fabaceae) were proven. Further and beyond the hypotheses, our findings on the spatiotemporal dynamics during the system's early development grasp processes which generally mark the transition from a geo-hydro-system towards a bio-geo-hydro system (weakening geomorphology effects on substrate surface dynamics, while vegetation effects intensify with time), where pure geomorphology or substrate feedbacks are changing into vegetation-substrate feedback processes.}, language = {en} } @misc{SutLohmannFischerRepmannetal., author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Fischer, Thomas and Repmann, Frank and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Long-Term Release of Iron-Cyanide Complexes from the Soil of a Manufactured Gas Plant Site}, series = {Journal of Environmental Protection}, volume = {4}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Protection}, number = {11B}, issn = {2152-2219}, doi = {10.4236/jep.2013.411A2002}, pages = {8 -- 19}, abstract = {Iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes have been detected at Manufactured Gas Plant sites (MGP) worldwide. The risk of groundwater contamination depends mainly on the dissolution of ferric ferrocyanide. In order to design effective reme- diation strategies, it is relevant to understand the contaminant's fate and transport in soil, and to quantify and mathe- matically model a release rate. The release of iron-cyanide complexes from four contaminated soils, originating from the former MGP in Cottbus, has been studied by using a column experiment. Results indicated that long-term cyanide (CN) release is governed by two phases: one readily dissolved and one strongly fixed. Different isotherm and kinetic equations were used to investigate the driving mechanisms for the ferric ferrocyanide release. Applying the isotherm equations assumed an approach by which two phases were separate in time, whereas the multiple first order equation considered simultaneous occurrence of both cyanide pools. Results indicated varying CN release rates according to the phase and soil. According to isotherm and kinetic models, the long-term iron cyanide release from the MGP soils is a complex phenomenon driven by various mechanisms parallely involving desorption, diffusion and transport processes. Phase I (rapid release) is presumably mainly constrained by the transport process of readily dissolved iron-cyanide complexes combined with desorption of CN bound to reactive heterogeneous surfaces that are in direct contact with the aqueous phase (outer-sphere complexation). Phase II (limited rate) is presumably driven by the diffusion controlled processes involving dissolution of precipitated ferric ferrocyanide from the mineral or inner-sphere complexation of fer- ricyanides. CN release rates in phase I and II were mainly influenced by the pH, organic matter (OM) and the total CN content. The cyanide release rates increased with increasing pH, decreased with low initial CN concentration and were retarded by the increase in OM content.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchaafElmerFischeretal., author = {Schaaf, Wolfgang and Elmer, Michael and Fischer, Anton and Gerwin, Werner and Nenov, Rossen and Pretzsch, Hans and Seifert, Stefan and Winter, Susanne and Zaplata, Markus Klemens}, title = {Monitoring the formation of structures and patterns during initial development of an artificial catchment}, series = {Environmental Monitoring and Assessment}, volume = {Vol. 185}, journal = {Environmental Monitoring and Assessment}, number = {7}, issn = {0167-6369}, doi = {10.1007/s10661-012-2998-x}, pages = {5965 -- 5986}, abstract = {The objective of this paper is to present observations, results from monitoring measurements, and preliminary conclusions about the development of patterns and structures during the first 5 years of development of an artificial catchment starting from point zero. We discuss the high relevance of initial system traits and external events for the system development and draw conclusions for further research. These investigations as part of a Collaborative Research Center, aim to disentangle and understand the feedback mechanisms and interrelationships of processes and their co-development with spatial and temporal structures and patterns by studying an initial, probably less complex ecosystem. Therefore, intensive measurements were carried out in the catchment with regard to the development of surface structures, hydrological patterns, vegetation dynamics, water chemistry, and element budgets. During the first 5 years, considerable changes within the catchment were observed. Both internal and external factors could be identified as driving forces for the formation of structures and patterns in the artificial catchment. Initial structures formed by the construction process and initial substrate characteristics were decisive for the distribution and flow of water. External factors like episodic events triggered erosion and dissection during this initial phase, promoted by the low vegetation cover, and the unconsolidated sandy substrate. The transformation of the initial geosystem into areas with evolving terrestrial or aquatic characteristics and from a very episodic to a more permanent stream network and discharge, together with the observed vegetation dynamics increased site diversity and heterogeneity with respect to water and nutrient availability and transformation processes compared with the more homogenous conditions at point zero. The processes and feedback mechanisms in the initial development of a new landscape may deviate in rates, intensity, and dominance from those known from mature ecosystems. It is therefore crucial to understand these early phases of ecosystem development and to disentangle the increasingly complex interactions between the evolving terrestrial and aquatic, biotic, and abiotic compartments of the system. Long-term monitoring of initial ecosystems may provide important data and parameters on processes and the crucial role of spatial and temporal structures and patterns to solve these problems. Artificially created catchments could be a suitable tool to study these initial developments at the landscape scale under known, designed, and defined boundary conditions.}, language = {en} }