@inproceedings{KapplerKaiserGanzenmuelleretal., author = {Kappler, Christoph and Kaiser, Knut and Ganzenm{\"u}ller, Raphael and K{\"u}ster, Mathias and Nicolay, Alexander and F{\"u}lling, Alexander and Bens, Oliver and Raab, Thomas}, title = {A review of geochronological data from northeastern Germany: evaluating late Quaternary soil formation and land surface dynamics}, series = {3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age}, booktitle = {3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age}, editor = {Schwab, Markus J. and Theuerkauf, Martin and Brauer, Achim and Wilmking, Martin and Lampe, Reinhard}, publisher = {GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028}, pages = {43}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SutLohmannBoldtBurischRaab, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Boldt-Burisch, Katja and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF) on degradation of iron-cyanide complexes}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SutLohmannRepmannRaab, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Repmann, Frank and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Vertical movement of iron-cyanide complexes in soils of a former Manufactured Gas Plant site}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @misc{SutLohmannFischerRepmannetal., author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Fischer, Thomas and Repmann, Frank and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Long-Term Release of Iron-Cyanide Complexes from the Soil of a Manufactured Gas Plant Site}, series = {Journal of Environmental Protection}, volume = {4}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Protection}, number = {11B}, issn = {2152-2219}, doi = {10.4236/jep.2013.411A2002}, pages = {8 -- 19}, abstract = {Iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes have been detected at Manufactured Gas Plant sites (MGP) worldwide. The risk of groundwater contamination depends mainly on the dissolution of ferric ferrocyanide. In order to design effective reme- diation strategies, it is relevant to understand the contaminant's fate and transport in soil, and to quantify and mathe- matically model a release rate. The release of iron-cyanide complexes from four contaminated soils, originating from the former MGP in Cottbus, has been studied by using a column experiment. Results indicated that long-term cyanide (CN) release is governed by two phases: one readily dissolved and one strongly fixed. Different isotherm and kinetic equations were used to investigate the driving mechanisms for the ferric ferrocyanide release. Applying the isotherm equations assumed an approach by which two phases were separate in time, whereas the multiple first order equation considered simultaneous occurrence of both cyanide pools. Results indicated varying CN release rates according to the phase and soil. According to isotherm and kinetic models, the long-term iron cyanide release from the MGP soils is a complex phenomenon driven by various mechanisms parallely involving desorption, diffusion and transport processes. Phase I (rapid release) is presumably mainly constrained by the transport process of readily dissolved iron-cyanide complexes combined with desorption of CN bound to reactive heterogeneous surfaces that are in direct contact with the aqueous phase (outer-sphere complexation). Phase II (limited rate) is presumably driven by the diffusion controlled processes involving dissolution of precipitated ferric ferrocyanide from the mineral or inner-sphere complexation of fer- ricyanides. CN release rates in phase I and II were mainly influenced by the pH, organic matter (OM) and the total CN content. The cyanide release rates increased with increasing pH, decreased with low initial CN concentration and were retarded by the increase in OM content.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SutLohmannRepmannRaab, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Repmann, Frank and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Release of iron-cyanide complexes form contaminated soils - Batch and column experiments on substrates from Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) site}, series = {European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 - 12 April 2013}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 - 12 April 2013}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Soils of former Manufactured Gas Plants (MGPs) are often contaminated with iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes that originate from gas purification process. Cyanide is a potentially toxic substance and its presence in soil and groundwater may cause risk for human health as well as for the environment. MGPs were commonly built on the city suburban areas, which have spread ever since. Nowadays, these sites are typically located in inner cities, causing environmental thread, due to the leaching of pollutants. More recently, columns and batch experiments have been used to study fate and mobility of contaminants is soil. The release of iron-cyanide complexes under unsaturated flow conditions was evaluated with eight columns of 30 cm length and a diameter of 5,4 cm. Cyanide concentrations in the collected leachates were measured with Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). Additionally pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and various ion concentrations were determined. In order to compare the release of Fe-CN complexes in saturated conditions a batch experiment was conducted, where in defined time intervals, 1 ml of the extract water phase was analyzed for CN concentration. Study revealed an analogous trend of cyanide release in both experiments indicating primarily the release of formerly dissolved phase (hexacyanoferrates) followed by continual dissolution of ferric ferrocyanide. We conclude that batch experiments, conducted prior to column analysis, can serve as preliminary prediction of the water soluble cyanide fraction under unsaturated conditions.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SutLohmannFischerRepmannetal., author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Fischer, Thomas and Repmann, Frank and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Feasibility of field portable near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to determine cyanide concentrations in soil}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 - 12 April 2013}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, 07 - 12 April 2013}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {In Germany, at more than 1000 sites, soil is polluted with an anthropogenic contaminant in form of iron-cyanide complexes. These contaminations are caused by former Manufactured Gas Plants (MGPs), where electricity for lighting was produced in the process of coal gasification. The production of manufactured gas was restrained in 1950, which caused cessation of MGPs. Our study describes the application of Polychromix Handheld Field Portable Near-Infrared (NIR) Analyzer to predict the cyanide concentrations in soil. In recent times, when the soil remediation is of major importance, there is a need to develop rapid and non-destructive methods for contaminant determination in the field. In situ analysis enables determination of 'hot spots', is cheap and time saving in comparison to laboratory methods. This paper presents a novel usage of NIR spectroscopy, where a calibration model was developed, using multivariate calibration algorithms, in order to determine NIR spectral response to the cyanide concentration in soil samples. As a control, the contaminant concentration was determined using conventional Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). The experiments revealed that portable near-infrared spectrometers could be a reliable device for identification of contamination 'hot spots', where cyanide concentration are higher than 2400 mg kg-1 in the field and >1750 mg kg-1 after sample preparation in the laboratory, but cannot replace traditional laboratory analyses due to high limits of detection.}, language = {en} } @misc{RodionovNiiAnnangFischeretal., author = {Rodionov, Andrei and Nii-Annang, Seth and Fischer, Thomas and Gattinger, Andreas and Bens, Oliver and Raab, Thomas and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Cross-linked polyacrylates in post-mining substrates: persistence and effects on plant growth}, series = {Soil Use and Management}, volume = {30}, journal = {Soil Use and Management}, number = {1}, issn = {1475-2743}, doi = {10.1111/sum.12103}, pages = {78 -- 87}, abstract = {Application of hydrophilic polymers composed of cross-linked polyacrylate can improve soil water-holding capacity and accelerate the restoration of post-mining substrates. In this work, we studied the persistence of a polyacrylate polymer incorporated into a soil and its impact on plant nutrients at a reclamation site of former lignite mining in Lusatia (Germany). In contrast to autumn application, the incorporation of the polymer enhanced the sequestration of plant-derived carbon in the soil, which was reflected by a significant increase in the concentration of a lignin marker. Attenuated total reflexion-Fourier transform infrared spectra (ATR-FTIR) and total elemental contents in the applied polymer suggested an intensive cation exchange between the polymer framework and the soil-forming substrate. In addition, there was an enrichment of carbonaceous material, which seems to reduce the swelling and thus the water-holding capacity of the cross-linked polyacrylate. Conversely, this process protected the polymer structure from rapid decomposition.}, language = {en} } @incollection{HuettlFluehlerGerkeetal., author = {H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and Fl{\"u}hler, Hannes and Gerke, Horst H. and Maurer, Thomas and Schneider, Anna}, title = {Project C5 - Development of a structure and process model}, series = {Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment (Final report CRC/TR 38)}, booktitle = {Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment (Final report CRC/TR 38)}, editor = {H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and K{\"o}gel-Knabner, Ingrid and Schulin, Rainer and Gerwin, Werner}, publisher = {BTU, Forschungszentrum Landschaftsentwicklung und Bergbaulandschaften (FZLB)}, address = {Cottbus}, pages = {101 -- 110}, language = {en} } @misc{RodionovNiiAnnangBensetal., author = {Rodionov, Andrei and Nii-Annang, Seth and Bens, Oliver and Trimborn, Manfred and Schillem, Steffi and Schneider, Bernd Uwe and Raab, Thomas and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Impacts of Soil Additives on Crop Yield and C-Sequestration in Post Mine Substrates of Lusatia, Germany}, series = {Pedosphere}, volume = {22}, journal = {Pedosphere}, number = {3}, issn = {1002-0160}, pages = {343 -- 350}, language = {en} } @incollection{KruemmelbeinZeihser, author = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Zeihser, Uwe}, title = {Landwirtschaftliche Versuchsfl{\"a}che Tagebau J{\"a}nschwalde - Versuchsdesign und Fl{\"a}chenherstellung}, series = {Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers}, booktitle = {Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers}, editor = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Raab, Thomas and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, publisher = {BTU}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-937728-12-4}, pages = {3 -- 15}, language = {de} } @misc{RaabRaabTaklaetal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Takla, Melanie and Nicolay, Alexander and B{\"o}nisch, Eberhard and R{\"o}sler, H.}, title = {B{\"o}den als Archive der Landschaftsgeschichte im Vorfeld des Tagebaus J{\"a}nschwalde}, series = {Exkursionsf{\"u}hrer, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft 2011, September 2011, Berlin, Potsdam}, journal = {Exkursionsf{\"u}hrer, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft 2011, September 2011, Berlin, Potsdam}, publisher = {Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft}, address = {Oldenburg}, pages = {84 -- 96}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-9614, title = {Landschaftswandel - Landscape Change}, editor = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Gerwin, Werner and Schopper, Franz}, publisher = {Chair of Geopedology and Landscape Development}, address = {Cottbus}, pages = {105}, language = {de} } @misc{KruemmelbeinHornRaabetal., author = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Horn, Rainer and Raab, Thomas and Bens, Oliver and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Soil physical parameters of a recently established agricultural recultivation site after brown coal mining in Eastern Germany}, series = {Soil \& Tillage Research}, volume = {111}, journal = {Soil \& Tillage Research}, number = {1}, issn = {0167-1987}, doi = {10.1016/j.still.2010.08.006}, pages = {19 -- 25}, abstract = {Our study deals with agricultural recultivation of open cast brown coal mining areas in Lusatia, Eastern Germany. In this region the largest brown coal (lignite) mining area of Germany is located. Lignite mining activities lead to major disturbances of the landscape. Recultivation efforts attempt to regenerate mining areas for agricultural land use options. The geological "parent" material is of saaleian origin, has a sandy texture and was excavated from several meters depths before mining and is now used for recultivating the excavated area. Consequently, it is free of recent soil organic carbon. The substrate itself is unstructured. The partly wet or dry substrate is subjected to strong mechanical stresses during the excavation, deposition, refilling and levelling processes throughout the year. This practice leads to more or less compacted soils/substrates which may result in small yields of agricultural crops. In this context we investigate the effect of different organic soil additives in combination with different recultivation crop rotations on the development of soil structure for improved agricultural land use. Our experimental site has been heaped up and levelled off in 2006 and 2007. On each of the 24 experimental sub areas undisturbed soil samples have been taken to characterise the substrates according to their mechanical and hydraulic parameters and to determine the scattering of these parameters on a site that is assumed to be recultivated as homogenously as possible. First results of our ongoing experimental study indicate that the soil physical properties such as texture, bulk density, precompression stress, air permeability and saturated hydraulic conductivity are not identical on each of the 24 subplots. The soil physical properties behave differently in relation to each other. E.g. we found a negative correlation between bulk density (∼1.35-∼1.90 g/cm3) and precompression stress (∼30-70 kPa) and no decisive interrelation between bulk density and air permeability or saturated hydraulic conductivity.}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabHuerkampVoelkel, author = {Raab, Thomas and H{\"u}rkamp, Kerstin and V{\"o}lkel, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Stratigraphy and chronology of late Quaternary floodplain sediments in a historic mining area, Vils River Valley, East Bavaria, Germany}, series = {Physical Geography}, volume = {31}, journal = {Physical Geography}, number = {4}, issn = {1930-0557}, doi = {10.2747/0272-3646.31.4.357}, pages = {357 -- 384}, abstract = {Analysis of 288 percussion drillings from depths of up to seven meters and a 120 m long excavated section provide new and detailed information on the Late Quaternary to Late Holocene floodplain evolution from the most important Central European iron-mining region of the 15th century. The generalized sequence of the Vils River floodplain is built of five units representing facies of different genesis (rock/saprolite, gravel, sand, loam, peat) that are identified by physical, chemical, and mineralogical parameters (grain size, clast shape, and content, TOC, bulk mineralogy). Along the 87 km length of the valley, different units/facies are found at the Upper Vils River (UVR 1-5) and at the Lower Vils River (LVR 1-4b). In both river sections, fine-grained material (flood loam) forms the major part (up to 4 m) of the alluvial sequence. 29 age determinations (24 14C, 4 IRSL, 1 tree-ring analysis) show increasing accumulation of flood loam in the last millennium. The data correlate with the beginning of mining at the Vils River and hence suggest a causal connection with mining activities in the catchment—both on the slopes and in the floodplain—with intense deposition of flood loams.}, language = {en} } @book{AndersDonatDurkaetal., author = {Anders, Kenneth and Donat, Ralf and Durka, Walter and Elmer, Michael and Fischer, Lars and Gailing, Ludger and Hoffmann, Melanie and Hornemann, Gitte and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and Peschel, Tim and Rißmann, Cornelia and R{\"o}hring, Andreas and Siedschlag, Yvonne and Pilarski, Monika and Vetter, Andreas and Vorwald, J{\"o}rn and W{\"o}llecke, Jens and Wiegleb, Gerhard and Xylander, Willi E. R.}, title = {Neulandschafft - Leben in den Schlabendorfer Feldern - Natur und Mensch : eine Publikation der Landschaftswerkstatt Schlabendorfer Felder im Rahmen des Forschungsverbundes SUBICON}, editor = {Anders, Kenneth and Fischer, Lars and R{\"o}hring, Andreas and Peschel, Tim and Donat, Ralf}, publisher = {B{\"u}ro f{\"u}r Landschaftskommunikation}, address = {Bad Freienwalde}, pages = {120}, language = {de} } @incollection{WannerElmerBahrtetal., author = {Wanner, Manfred and Elmer, Michael and Bahrt, Alexander and Balkenhol, Birgit and D{\"u}ker, Christian and Hohberg, Karin and N{\"a}hrig, Dietrich and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and Xylander, Willi E. R.}, title = {Bodenfauna: Entwicklung der Biodiversit{\"a}t in jungen B{\"o}den der Niederlausitzer Bergbaufolgelandschaft}, series = {Landschaft im Wandel - nat{\"u}rliche und anthropogene Besiedlung der Niederlausitzer Bergbaufolgelandschaft}, booktitle = {Landschaft im Wandel - nat{\"u}rliche und anthropogene Besiedlung der Niederlausitzer Bergbaufolgelandschaft}, editor = {W{\"o}llecke, Jens and Anders, Kenneth and Durka, Walter and Elmer, Michael and Wanner, Manfred and Wiegleb, Gerhard}, publisher = {Shaker}, address = {Aachen}, isbn = {978-3-8322-6336-2}, pages = {43 -- 51}, language = {de} } @misc{SchneiderGerkeMaurer, author = {Schneider, Anna and Gerke, Horst H. and Maurer, Thomas}, title = {3D initial sediment distribution and quantification of mass balances of an artificially-created hydrological catchment based on DEMs from aerial photographs using GOCAD}, series = {Physics and Chemistry of the Earth}, volume = {36}, journal = {Physics and Chemistry of the Earth}, number = {1-4}, issn = {1474-7065}, doi = {10.1016/j.pce.2010.03.023}, pages = {87 -- 100}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BadorreckGerke, author = {Badorreck, Annika and Gerke, Horst H.}, title = {Visualization of soil structure modifications and infiltration patterns by ground-dwelling beetle larvae and moss vegetation}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2011, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2011, Vienna, Austria}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @incollection{HelmingTscherningKoenigetal., author = {Helming, Katharina and Tscherning, Karen and K{\"o}nig, Bettina and Sieber, Stefan and Wiggering, Hubert and Kuhlmann, Tom and Wascher, Dirk and P{\´e}rez-Soba, Marta and Smeets, Peter and Tabbush, Paul and Dilly, Oliver and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and Bach, Hanne}, title = {Ex ante impact assessment of land use change in European regions - the SENSOR approach}, series = {Sustainability impact assessment of multifunctional land use changes}, booktitle = {Sustainability impact assessment of multifunctional land use changes}, editor = {Helming, Katharina and P{\´e}rez-Soba, Marta and Tabbush, Paul}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-3-540-78648-1}, pages = {77 -- 105}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoldtBurischNaethSchneideretal., author = {Boldt-Burisch, Katja and Naeth, M. Anne and Schneider, Bernd Uwe and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Root growth, mycorrhization and physiological effects of plants growing on oil tailing sands}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @incollection{GerkeSchaafHangen, author = {Gerke, Horst H. and Schaaf, Wolfgang and Hangen, Edzard}, title = {Pr{\"a}ferentielle Wasser- und Luftbewegung in heterogenen aufgeforsteten Kippen im Lausitzer Braunkohletagebaugebiet}, language = {de} } @incollection{BensFelixHenningsen, author = {Bens, Oliver and Felix-Henningsen, Peter}, title = {Variability of litter decomposition and nitrogen turnover in different Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) ecosystems in Northwest Germany under the influence of groundwater lowering}, language = {en} } @misc{NiiAnnangRodionovRaabetal., author = {Nii-Annang, Seth and Rodionov, Andrei and Raab, Thomas and Bens, Oliver and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and Dilly, Oliver}, title = {Impact of Commercial Soil Additives on Microbial Activity and Carbon Isotopic Characteristics of Recultivated Post Lignite Mine Soils}, series = {Geomicrobiology Journal}, volume = {28}, journal = {Geomicrobiology Journal}, number = {7}, issn = {1521-0529}, pages = {567 -- 573}, language = {en} } @incollection{Schaaf, author = {Schaaf, Wolfgang}, title = {Soil solution}, series = {Initial development of the artificial catchment "Chicken Creek" : monitoring program and survey 2005-2008}, booktitle = {Initial development of the artificial catchment "Chicken Creek" : monitoring program and survey 2005-2008}, editor = {Schaaf, Wolfgang and Biemelt, Detlef and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, publisher = {Univ. of Technology, Research Center Landscape Development and Mining Landscapes}, address = {Cottbus}, pages = {45 -- 56}, language = {en} } @misc{GebhardtWoelleckeMuenzenbergeretal., author = {Gebhardt, Sascha and W{\"o}llecke, Jens and M{\"u}nzenberger, Babette and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Microscale spatial distribution pattern of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) ectomycorrhiza}, series = {Mycological Progress}, volume = {8}, journal = {Mycological Progress}, number = {3}, issn = {1861-8952}, doi = {10.1007/s11557-009-0596-2}, pages = {245 -- 257}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderGerkeMaureretal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Gerke, Horst H. and Maurer, Thomas and Nenov, Rossen and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Hydro-geomorphic differentiation of an artificial catchment during the initial phase of ecosystem development}, series = {AGU Fall Meeting 2011, San Francisco, Calif., 5-9 Dec. 2011}, booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting 2011, San Francisco, Calif., 5-9 Dec. 2011}, pages = {H31A-1134}, language = {en} } @misc{Dilly, author = {Dilly, Oliver}, title = {Ratios of microbial biomass estimates to evaluate microbial physiology in soil}, series = {Biology and Fertility of Soils}, volume = {42}, journal = {Biology and Fertility of Soils}, number = {3}, issn = {1432-0789}, doi = {10.1007/s00374-005-0021-1}, pages = {241 -- 246}, language = {en} } @misc{ChabbiRumpelGrootesetal., author = {Chabbi, Abad and Rumpel, C. and Grootes, Pieter M. and Gonzales-Perez, J. A. and Delaune, R. D. and Gonzales-Vila, F. and Nixdorf, Brigitte and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Lignite degradation and mineralization in lignite-containing mine sediment as revealed by 14C activity measurements and molecular analysis}, series = {Organic Geochemistry}, volume = {37}, journal = {Organic Geochemistry}, number = {8}, issn = {0146-6380}, doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.02.002}, pages = {957 -- 976}, language = {en} } @misc{RisseBuhlHagedornDuemigetal., author = {Risse-Buhl, Ute and Hagedorn, Frank and D{\"u}mig, Alexander and Gessner, Mark O. and Schaaf, Wolfgang and Nii-Annang, Seth and Gerull, Linda and Mutz, Michael}, title = {Dynamics, chemical properties and bioavailability of DOC in an early successional catchment}, series = {Biogeosciences}, volume = {10}, journal = {Biogeosciences}, issn = {1726-4189}, doi = {doi:10.5194/bg-10-4751-2013}, pages = {4751 -- 4765}, language = {en} } @misc{MantovaniVesteBoldtBurischetal., author = {Mantovani, Dario and Veste, Maik and Boldt-Burisch, Katja and Fritsch, Simone and Koning, Laurie Anne and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Carbon allocation, nodulation, and biological nitrogen fixation of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) under soil water limitation}, series = {Annals of Forest Research}, volume = {58}, journal = {Annals of Forest Research}, number = {2}, issn = {2065-2445}, doi = {10.15287/afr.2015.420}, pages = {259 -- 274}, abstract = {The pioneer tree black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a drought-resistant tree and, in symbiosis with Rhizobium, able to fix dinitrogen from the atmosphere. It is, therefore, an interesting species for marginal lands where soil amelioration is sought in addition to economic gain. However, the interaction between soil water availability, carbon allocation and nitrogen fixation is important for a successful establishment of trees on marginal lands and has not yet been investigated for black locust. Twoyear-old trees were grown under various soil water conditions and drought cycles. The stable isotopic composition of C (δ 13C) and N (δ 15N) of the leaves was used to identify i) the effective drought condition of the treatments and ii) the portion N accrued from the atmosphere by the biological nitrogen fixation. Drought-stressed plants significantly reduced their total aboveground biomass production, which was linearly linked to tree transpiration. The shoot:root ratio values changed from 2.2 for the drought-stressed to 4.3 for the well-watered plants. Our investigation shows that drought stress increases the nodule biomass of black locust in order to maintain biological nitrogen fixation and to counteract the lower soil nitrogen availability. The biological nitrogen fixation of drought-stressed trees could be maintained at relatively higher values compared to the well-watered trees. The average leaf nitrogen content varied between 2.8\% and 3.0\% and was not influenced by the drought stress. Carbon fixation, carbon allocation, and biological nitrogen fixation are to some extent balanced at low irrigation and allow Robinia to cope with long-term water constraints. The combination of black locust's ecophysiological and morphological plasticity make it interesting as a biomass source for bioenergy and timber production, even in nutrient-limited and drought-affected areas of Europe.}, language = {en} } @misc{KwakChangNaethetal., author = {Kwak, Jin-Hyeob and Chang, Scott X. and Naeth, M. Anne and Schaaf, Wolfgang}, title = {Coarse Woody Debris Increases Microbial Community Functional Diversity but not Enzyme Activities in Reclaimed Oil Sands Soils}, series = {PLoS One}, volume = {10}, journal = {PLoS One}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0143857}, pages = {0143857}, abstract = {Forest floor mineral soil mix (FMM) and peat mineral soil mix (PMM) are cover soils commonly used for upland reclamation post open-pit oil sands mining in northern Alberta, Canada. Coarse woody debris (CWD) can be used to regulate soil temperature and water content, to increase organic matter content, and to create microsites for the establishment of microorganisms and vegetation in upland reclamation. We studied the effects of CWD on soil microbial community level physiological profile (CLPP) and soil enzyme activities in FMM and PMM in a reclaimed landscape in the oil sands. This experiment was conducted with a 2 (FMM vs PMM) × 2 (near CWD vs away from CWD) factorial design with 6 replications. The study plots were established with Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen) CWD placed on each plot between November 2007 and February 2008. Soil samples were collected within 5 cm from CWD and more than 100 cm away from CWD in July, August and September 2013 and 2014. Microbial biomass was greater (p<0.05) in FMM than in PMM, in July, and August 2013 and July 2014, and greater (p<0.05) near CWD than away from CWD in FMM in July and August samplings. Soil microbial CLPP differed between FMM and PMM (p<0.01) according to a principal component analysis and CWD changed microbial CLPP in FMM (p<0.05) but not in PMM. Coarse woody debris increased microbial community functional diversity (average well color development in Biolog Ecoplates) in both cover soils (p<0.05) in August and September 2014. Carbon degrading soil enzyme activities were greater in FMM than in PMM (p<0.05) regardless of distance from CWD but were not affected by CWD. Greater microbial biomass and enzyme activities in FMM than in PMM will increase organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling, improving plant growth. Enhanced microbial community functional diversity by CWD application in upland reclamation has implications for accelerating upland reclamation after oil sands mining.}, language = {en} } @misc{MantovaniVesteGypseretal., author = {Mantovani, Dario and Veste, Maik and Gypser, Stella and Halke, Christian and Koning, Laurie Anne and Freese, Dirk and Lebzien, Stefan}, title = {Transpiration and biomass production of the bioenergy crop Giant Knotweed Igniscum under various supplies of water and nutrients}, series = {Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics}, volume = {62}, journal = {Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics}, number = {4}, issn = {0042-790X}, doi = {10.2478/johh-2014-0028}, pages = {316 -- 323}, abstract = {Soil water availability, nutrient supply and climatic conditions are key factors for plant production. For a sustainable integration of bioenergy plants into agricultural systems, detailed studies on their water uses and growth performances are needed. The new bioenergy plant Igniscum Candy is a cultivar of the Sakhalin Knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis), which is characterized by a high annual biomass production. For the determination of transpiration-yield relations at the whole plant level we used wicked lysimeters at multiple irrigation levels associated with the soil water availability (25, 35, 70, 100\%) and nitrogen fertilization (0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha-1). Leaf transpiration and net photosynthesis were determined with a portable minicuvette system. The maximum mean transpiration rate was 10.6 mmol m-2 s-1 for well-watered plants, while the mean net photosynthesis was 9.1 μmol m-2 s-1. The cumulative transpiration of the plants during the growing seasons varied between 49 l (drought stressed) and 141 l (well-watered) per plant. The calculated transpiration coefficient for Fallopia over all of the treatments applied was 485.6 l kg-1. The transpiration-yield relation of Igniscum is comparable to rye and barley. Its growth performance making Fallopia a potentially good second generation bioenergy crop.}, language = {en} } @misc{KoningVesteFreeseetal., author = {Koning, Laurie Anne and Veste, Maik and Freese, Dirk and Lebzien, Stefan}, title = {Effects of nitrogen and phsphate fertilization on leaf nutrient content, photosythesis, and growth of the novel bioenergy crop Fallopia schalinensis vc. 'Igniscum Candy'}, series = {Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality}, volume = {88}, journal = {Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality}, issn = {1439-040X}, doi = {10.5073/JABFQ.2015.088.005}, pages = {22 -- 28}, abstract = {The aim of the study was to determine the effects of nitrogen and phosphate fertilization on the growth performance of the novel bioenergy crop Fallopia sachalinensis cv. 'Igniscum Candy' (Polygonaceae). In a controlled pot experiment various nitrogen (0, 50, 150, 300 kg N ha-1) and phosphate (20, 40, 80 kg P ha-1) fertilizer amounts were applied to measure the effect on the biomass, plant height, leaf area, and leaf nutrient (N and P) content. Furthermore, the ecophysiological processes of chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and gas exchange were measured. The application of nitrogen correlated positively with biomass production, while phosphate fertilization did not show a significant effect on plant growth or ecophysiological parameters. The leaf nitrogen contents were significantly correlated with the nitrogen applications, while the leaf phosphate contents did not show a correlation with the P fertilizations, but increased with the leaf nitrogen contents. A significant linear correlation between N-Tester chlorophyll meter values and chlorophyll contents as well as with leaf nitrogen contents could be determined. Under the influence of the nitrogen fertilization, net photosynthesis increased from 3.7 to 6.6 μmol m-2 s-1. The results of this experiment demonstrated that nitrogen fertilization has an overall positive correlation with leaf nitrogen content, photosynthesis, and growth of the bioenergy crop Fallopia sachalinensis var. Igniscum Candy.}, language = {en} } @misc{VesteTodtBreckle, author = {Veste, Maik and Todt, Henning and Breckle, Siegmar-W.}, title = {Influence of halophytic hosts on their parasites - the case of Plicosepalus acaciae}, series = {AOB Plants}, volume = {7}, journal = {AOB Plants}, issn = {2041-2851}, doi = {10.1093/aobpla/plu084}, pages = {plu084}, abstract = {Halophytes develop various morphological and physiological traits that enable them to grow successfully on saline substrates. Parasitic plants on halophytic hosts may also encounter salt stress. We investigated the mistletoe Plicosepalus acaciae (syn: Loranthus acacia; Loranthaceae), which occurs on 5 halophytic and at least 10 non-halophytic hosts in the Southern Arava Valley (Israel). Plicosepalus acaciae is a common parasite north of Eilat to the Dead Sea area and in the Jordan Valley. Morphological and physiological responses of P. acaciae to salinity were investigated by comparison of plants on halophytic with those on non-halophytic hosts. Ion patterns of different host-parasite associations were determined as was the development of leaf succulence at different growth stages. The leaf water content of P. acaciae increased and leaves developed succulence when growing on halophytic hosts, especially on Tamarix species, where leaf water content was three times higher than that on non-halophytic hosts and the leaf volume increased four to five times. The reason for increased succulence was a higher ion concentration of, and osmotic adjustment with, Na+ and Cl2. Plicosepalus acaciae showed a high morphological and ecophysiological plasticity, enabling it to cope with salt stress, and can be classified as a facultative eu-halophyte, which increases its halo-succulence according to the host. Host-parasite associations are a model systemfor the investigation of halophytes under different salt stress conditions.}, language = {en} } @misc{MantovaniVesteBoehmetal., author = {Mantovani, Dario and Veste, Maik and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Vignudelli, Marco and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Spatial and temporal variation of drought impact on black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) water status and growth}, series = {iForest Biogeosciences and Forestry}, volume = {8}, journal = {iForest Biogeosciences and Forestry}, issn = {1971-7458}, doi = {10.3832/ifor1299-008}, pages = {743 -- 747}, abstract = {Stimulated by the rising demand for bioenergy, forestry practices for energy production are of increasing importance worldwide. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a suitable tree species for biomass production in shortrotation plantations in East Germany, especially on marginal land where insufficient water and nutrients are a limiting factor for tree growth. Our study aims to clarify the spatial and temporal variability of the black locust growth through the analysis of the plant water status, and to evaluate the effect of adverse edaphic conditions on growth performances, amplified by periods of summer drought. The study was carried out at two sites presenting comparable climatic but different edaphic conditions: (i) fertile agricultural soil; and (ii) heterogeneous unstructured soil from a reclaimed post-mining area. During the vegetation period, the growth rate decreased in both sites following the plant water status in terms of pre-dawn leaf water potential. Particularly in the post-mining area, due to the adverse edaphic conditions, below the critical pre-dawn water potential value of -0.5 MPa, the stem growth was drastically reduced during a period of summer drought. However, the trees could cope with the extreme soil and weather conditions in the post-mining site without perishing.}, language = {en} } @incollection{QuinkensteinBoehmMatosetal., author = {Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Matos, Eduardo da Silva and Freese, Dirk and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Assessing the carbon sequestration in short rotation coppice systems of Robinia pseudoacacia on marginal sites in NE-Germany}, series = {Carbon Sequestration Potential of Agroforestry Systems Opportunities and Challenges}, booktitle = {Carbon Sequestration Potential of Agroforestry Systems Opportunities and Challenges}, editor = {Kumar, B. Mohan and Ramachandran Nair, P. K.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-94-007-1629-2}, pages = {201 -- 216}, language = {en} } @misc{GypserHerppichFischeretal., author = {Gypser, Stella and Herppich, Werner B. and Fischer, Thomas and Lange, Philipp and Veste, Maik}, title = {Photosynthetic characteristics and their spatial variance on biological soil crusts covering initial soils of post-mining sites in Lower Lusatia, NE Germany}, series = {Flora}, volume = {Vol. 220}, journal = {Flora}, issn = {0367-2530}, doi = {10.1016/j.flora.2016.02.012}, pages = {103 -- 116}, abstract = {Following surface disturbance, quaternary sands are the basic substrate for soil development in the Lusatian reclamation area. These substrates mostly contain few organic matter and, hence, are nutrient poor. Accumulation of soil carbon is an important factor for ecosystem development, where biological soil crusts initially influence soil processes and promote ecosystem succession. The compositional structures of biological soil crusts at various developmental stages and their photosynthetic properties were investigated on two former open-cast lignite sites, currently under reclamation, an artificial sand dune in Welzow S{\"u}d, and a forest plantation in Schlabendorf S{\"u}d (Brandenburg, Germany). As development of biological soil crusts progressed, their contents of organic carbon and total chlorophyll increased. The ratio of these parameters, however, varied with the relative contribution of lichens and mosses in particular. Also maximum photochemical efficiency, net photosynthesis and respiration increased with crustal development. An additional evaluation of NDVI and chlorophyll fluorescence images showed that especially moss-dominated biocrusts had higher photosynthetic capacity compared to green algae-dominated biocrusts or soil lichens, so the photosynthetic capacity showed to be highly species-specific. The ratio of gross photosynthesis to respiration indicated a higher ecological efficiency of biocrusts dominated by green algae than of lichen-dominated biocrusts. The occurrence of soil lichens reduced net CO2 fixation and increased CO2 release due to the enhanced mycobiontic respiration. During crustal succession, the rise of photosynthesis-related parameters is not necessarily linear as a result of the highly heterogenic distribution of the different crustal organisms between biocrusts of similar developmental stages as well as between those growing at the two study sites. Therefore, the evaluation of relevant ecophysiological parameters highlighted that not all biocrust-forming organisms similarly contribute to the ecophysiological behavior of biological soil crusts. Nevertheless, the occurrence of the biological soil crusts promoted soil formation and accumulation of soil carbon in initial soils.}, language = {en} } @misc{GypserVesteFischeretal., author = {Gypser, Stella and Veste, Maik and Fischer, Thomas and Lange, Philipp}, title = {Infiltration and water retention of biological soil crusts on reclaimed soils of former open-cast lignite mining sites in Brandenburg, north-east Germany}, series = {Journal of hydrology and hydromechanics}, volume = {64}, journal = {Journal of hydrology and hydromechanics}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1515/johh-2016-0009}, pages = {1 -- 11}, abstract = {Investigations were done on two former open-cast lignite mining sites under reclamation, an artificial sand dune in Welzow S{\"u}d, and a forest plantation in Schlabendorf S{\"u}d (Brandenburg, Germany). The aim was to associate the topsoil hydrological characteristics of green algae dominated as well as moss and soil lichen dominated biological soil crusts during crustal succession with their water retention and the repellency index on sandy soils under temperate cli-mate and different reliefs. The investigation of the repellency index showed on the one hand an increase due to the cross-linking of sand parti-cles by green algae which resulted in clogging of pores. On the other hand, the occurrence of moss plants led to a de-crease of the repellency index due to absorption caused by bryophytes. The determination of the water retention curves showed an increase of the water holding capacity, especially in conjunction with the growth of green algae layer. The pore-related van Genuchten parameter indicate a clay-like behaviour of the developed soil crusts. Because of the inho-mogeneous distribution of lichens and mosses as well as the varying thickness of green algae layers, the water retention differed between the study sites and between samples of similar developmental stages. However, similar tendencies of water retention and water repellency related to the soil crust formation were observed. Biological soil crusts should be considered after disturbances in the context of reclamation measures, because the ini-tial development of green algae biocrusts lead to an increasing repellency index, while the occurrence of mosses and a gain in organic matter enhance the water holding capacity. Thus, the succession of biocrusts and their small-scale succes-sion promote the development of soil and ecosystem.}, language = {en} } @misc{MantovaniVesteFreese, author = {Mantovani, Dario and Veste, Maik and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Effects of Drought Frequency on Growth Performance and Transpiration of Young Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)}, series = {International Journal of Forestry Research}, journal = {International Journal of Forestry Research}, issn = {1687-9376}, doi = {10.1155/2014/821891}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a drought-tolerant fast growing tree, which could be an alternative to the more common tree species used in short-rotation coppice on marginal land. The plasticity of black locust in the form of ecophysiological and morphological adaptations to drought is an important precondition for its successful growth in such areas. However, adaptation to drought stress is detrimental to primary production. Furthermore, the soil water availability condition of the initial stage of development may have an impact on the tree resilience. We aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress applied during the resprouting on the drought tolerance of the plant, by examining the black locust growth patterns. We exposed young trees in lysimeters to different cycles of drought. The drought memory affected the plant growth performance and its drought tolerance: the plants resprouting under drought conditions were more drought tolerant than the well-watered ones. Black locust tolerates drastic soil water availability variations without altering its water use efficiency (2.57 g L-1), evaluated under drought stress. Due to its constant water use efficiency and the high phenotypic plasticity, black locust could become an important species to be cultivated on marginal land.}, language = {en} } @misc{GypserVesteFischeretal., author = {Gypser, Stella and Veste, Maik and Fischer, Thomas and Lange, Philipp}, title = {Formation of soil lichen crusts at reclaimed post-mining sites, Lower Lusatia, North-east Germany}, series = {Graphis Scripta}, volume = {27}, journal = {Graphis Scripta}, number = {1-2}, issn = {0901-7593}, pages = {3 -- 14}, abstract = {Biological soil crusts were investigated at reclaimed post-mining sites near Welzow and Schlabendorf in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, Germany). Various development stages from initial biological soil crusts built up by green algae, to more developed soil crusts with mosses, as well as moss-soil lichen crusts, were classified. The spatial-temporal dynamics during the development resulted in a moss-lichens cover with discrete patches of pioneer organisms like green algae in between. At the study sites, 13 species of terricolous lichens were identified. The formation of the biological soil crust is important for the accumulation of soil organic matter in the first millimeters of the topsoil of these pioneer ecosystems. A correlation between cryptogamic biomass and soil carbon content were found.}, language = {en} } @misc{OuldBabaPethHornetal., author = {Ould Baba, Hamoudy and Peth, Stephan and Horn, Rainer and Bens, Oliver and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Quantification of mechanical strength and sliding stability of an artificial water catchment (Chicken Creek)}, series = {Soil \& Tillage Research}, volume = {146}, journal = {Soil \& Tillage Research}, issn = {0167-1987}, doi = {10.1016/j.still.2014.05.013}, pages = {66 -- 78}, abstract = {Natural shear forces due to gravity along inclined terrain surfaces are controlled by the inclination of the terrain, material composition and its mechanical properties, stratification and hydraulic stress states. Both shear forces and shear strength under a given inclination of the terrain surface strongly depend on the interaction between mechanical and hydraulic stresses. These internal conditions as well as the interactions between these various components are fundamentals in all nonplanar regions under arable, forest or grassland management and they dominate also under various geoscientific aims. Generally, soil creep is a slow soil movement downslope under gravity. It can occur even on gentle slopes when the shear forces exceed the shear strength of the soil. Deposited material on slopes is more sensitive to such movements than well-developed soils due to the absence of a pronounced soil structure, site and management dependent hydraulic properties and functions, which results in low soil strength. We applied the described measurements and the modelling approaches to investigate and to analyse the stability of an artificially constructed water catchment (Chicken Creek) in the mining district of Cottbus/Germany, where glacial sand was deposited above a clay layer with an inclination of about 3.5\%. At the lower part of the catchment, an impermeable barrier (claywall)was positioned transversally to the main slope. Mechanical and hydraulic parameters of the soil layers were determined on soil samples taken from the field site. The measured values were inserted as input parameters for the finite element model (Plaxis 2D) to simulate soil movements and their effect on the stability of the catchment. The obtained results showed that the kind of construction negatively affected the physical low soil strength (low precompression stress) although the bulk density was very high (1.7-1.9 g/cm3 for the sandy material). Hydraulic conductivity revealed a significant anisotropy with higher hydraulic conductivity values in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, finite element results showed that the design of the newly formed landscape remains weak concerning mass movements too. The high water table in the sandy material in conjunction with low soil strength enhances the downslope movement and increases the shear stress near the clay wall at the lower end of the slope, which finally results in soil creep processes. These results also proof that such geotechnical and modelling approach is also suitable to validate or to predict mass movements and the internal processes responsible for these internal mass erosion.}, language = {en} } @misc{MantovaniVesteFreese, author = {Mantovani, Dario and Veste, Maik and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Black locust (Robina pseudoacacia L.) ecopysiological and morphological adaptations to drought and their consequence on biomass production and water-use efficiency}, series = {New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science}, volume = {44}, journal = {New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1186/s40490-014-0029-0}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Background: Successful plantation efforts growing Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust) in the drier regions of Hungary and East Germany (Brandenburg), have demonstrated the potential of black locust as an alternative tree species for short-rotation biomass energy plantations. Methods: The response of black locust to water limitation was investigated in a lysimeter experiment. Plants were grown under three different soil moisture regimes, with values set at 35\%, 70\%, and 100\% of the soil water availability, namely WA35, WA70, and WA100. Their morphological adaptation and productivity response to water constraint were assessed together with their water-use efficiency. Furthermore, the ecophysiological adaptation at the leaf level was assessed in terms of net photosynthesis and leaf transpiration. Results: During the growing season, plants in the WA35, WA70, and WA100 treatments transpired 239, 386, and 589 litres of water respectively. The plants subjected to the WA35 and WA70 treatments developed smaller leaves compared with the plants subjected to the WA100 treatment (66\% and 36\% respectively), which contributed to the total leaf area reduction from 8.03 m2 (WA100) to 3.25 m2 (WA35). The total above-ground biomass produced in the WA35 (646 g) and WA70 (675 g) treatments reached only 46\% and 48\% of the biomass yield obtained in the WA100 (1415 g). The water-use efficiency across all treatments was 2.31 g L-1. At vapour pressure deficit (VPD) values <1.4 kPa trees growing under the WA35 soil moisture regime showed a stomatal down-regulation of transpiration to 5.3 mmol m-2 s-1, whereas the trees growing under the WA100 regime did not regulate their stomatal conductance and transpiration was 11.7 mmol m-2 s-1, even at VPD values >2 kPa. Conclusions: Black locust plants can adapt to prolonged drought conditions by reducing water loss through both reduced transpiration and leaf size. However, under well-watered conditions it does not regulate its transpiration, and therefore it cannot be considered a water-saving tree species.}, language = {en} } @misc{KanzlerBoehmFreese, author = {Kanzler, Michael and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Impact of P fertilisation on the growth performance of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) in a lignite post-mining area in Germany}, series = {Annals of Forest Research}, volume = {58}, journal = {Annals of Forest Research}, number = {1}, doi = {10.15287/afr.2015.303}, pages = {39 -- 54}, abstract = {Due to its ability to grow on marginal sites black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) has been widely planted as a short rotation coppice (SRC) system that produce a renewable biomass feedstock in several post-mining areas of East Germany. However, as most of these sites are still in an initial stage of reclamation with low humus and nutrient contents, phosphorous can play a significant role as a plant limiting factor, because legumes require more P than other plants for their development. In April 2011, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of higher rates and different applications of phosphorus fertiliser on the nutrition, survival, and biomass production of two different-aged black locust SRC plantations on the post lignite-mining site "Welzow-S{\"u}d", situated in NE Germany. Treatments were applied as triple superphosphate (30, 60 and 120 kg P ha-1) and PK fertiliser (60 kg P ha-1) through broadcasting or banding on recently harvested or planted trees, respectively. Soil, leaf and woody biomass data were analysed utilising the Mann-Whitney U test and the Spearman correlation coefficient (rS). Following two growing seasons, it was observed that the total dry weight yields of the black locust seedlings were increased strongly by up to 8 times when compared to the control group, particularly when TSP was applied through banding. P fertilisation, however, did not affect the biomass yield of six-year-old black locust trees, but P concentration in leaves among treatments of both sites was still significantly increased and sufficient from a quantity upwards of 60 kg P ha-1. Taken together, a comparably moderate amount of P fertiliser (60 kg ha-1) had a strong impact on P uptake and growth performance in the examined black locust seedlings, which reveals a high potential to improve the current fertilisation practices for SRC black locust plantations grown on our research site.}, language = {en} } @misc{TsonkovaBoehmQuinkensteinetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Application of partial order ranking to identify enhancement potantials for the provision of selected ecosystem services by different land use strategies}, series = {Agricultural Systems}, volume = {135}, journal = {Agricultural Systems}, issn = {0308-521X}, doi = {10.1016/j.agsy.2015.01.002}, pages = {112 -- 121}, abstract = {Conventional agricultural practices have often been associated with negative externalities, such as land degradation, pollution of soil and water resources, loss of biodiversity, and decreased provision of ecosystem services (ES). In response to these negative effects, the number of indicator-based attempts to assess ES provided by land use systems has increased. However, decisions regarding the importance of the different ES are usually made subjectively. Following an objective approach through the use of a partial order ranking method, this study aimed to assess several non-provisioning ES supplied by alley cropping system (ACS) in comparison with conventional agriculture (CA). The main objective of the study was to verify the applicability of partial order ranking to an ecologically-based assessment, focusing on soil, water, and biodiversity indicators. Results from 40 hypothetical scenarios representing various site conditions of agricultural fields in Germany were calculated using the Ecosystem Services Assessment Tool for Agroforestry (ESAT-A), a toolbox designed to assess selected ES of ACS following an empirical approach. The results were ranked using partial order and were visualized by a Hasse diagram. The findings depict partial order ranking as a promising technique to support decision making in order to find priority scenarios and indicators where the provision of ES can be enhanced by establishing ACS. The minimal scenarios under CA identified with simultaneously low values of all indicators were perceived as target scenarios for establishing ACS. The values of the indicators for the current land use system need to be taken into account in order to avoid scenarios where high tradeoff was suggested. Additionally, this approach can be extended and utilized at the field level to aid farmer decisions on which land use strategy is the most suitable alternative to increase the provision of ES.}, language = {en} } @misc{HerbrichZoennchenSchaaf, author = {Herbrich, Marcus and Z{\"o}nnchen, Claudia and Schaaf, Wolfgang}, title = {Short-term effects of plant litter addition on mineral surface characteristics of young sandy soils}, series = {Geoderma}, volume = {239-240}, journal = {Geoderma}, issn = {0016-7061}, doi = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.10.017}, pages = {206 -- 212}, abstract = {Initial stages of soil development are characterized by structural changes of mineral surfaces over time. The specific surface area (SSA) is closely related to pedogenic properties and soil organic matter (SOM). Interactions between SOM and mineral surfaces induce quantitative and qualitative changes in SSA and corresponding soil properties. However, the knowledge about ranges, effects and mechanisms of organic coverage in the very initial phase of pedogenesis is very limited. Therefore, our objective was to study these processes in young sandy soils and the effects of plant litter addition. Soil samples taken from the constructed catchment "Chicken Creek" were used in a microcosm experiment over 80 weeks. The silt and clay fractions of samples (b63 μm) were analyzed before the experiment and after 40 and 80 weeks. The effects of litter addition and weathering on SSA were assessed using the BET-N2 sorption approach. We found increases of SSA between 16.4\% and 41.6\% within the 80 week experimental period, but a relative reduction in S. A due to organic coverage of these new surfaces after plant litter addition. The removal of the soil organic matter (SOM) by muffling increased SSA (6.8-12.9\%). The results for SSA corresponded to changes in surface specific parameters like cation exchange capacity (CEC), surface enthalpy and the fractional coverage of mineral surfaces by SOM. In conclusion, the results showed that the soilswere clearly in a very initial state of soil development. However, the potential of these young sandy soils to adsorb nutrients and soil organic matter as one of the main important soil functions clearly increased within the relatively short experimental period and changes in SSA indicate relatively large increases in mineral surfaces within short time periods during the initial phase of soil development compared to long-term pedogenesis.}, language = {en} } @misc{MedinskiFreeseBoehm, author = {Medinski, Tanya V. and Freese, Dirk and B{\"o}hm, Christian}, title = {Soil CO2 flux in an alley-cropping system composed of black locust and poplar trees, Germany}, series = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {89}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, number = {2}, issn = {1572-9680}, doi = {10.1007/s10457-014-9764-8}, pages = {267 -- 277}, abstract = {Understanding of soil carbon dynamics after establishment of alley-cropping systems is crucial for mitigation of greenhouse CO2 gas. This study investigates soil CO2 fluxes in an alley-cropping system composed of tree strips of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and poplar (Populus nigra 9 P. maximowiczii, Max 1) trees and adjacent to them crop strips (Lupinus/Solarigol). Soil CO2 flux was measured monthly over a period from March to November 2012, using a LI-COR LI-8100A automated device. Concurrently with CO2 flux measurements, soil and air temperature, soil moisture, microbial C and hot water-extractable C were determined for the soils nearby soil collars. Root biomass was determined to a depth of 15 cm. In all sampling areas, soil CO2 flux increased from May to July, showing a significant positive correlation with air and soil temperature, which can be a reflection of increase in photosynthesis, and therefore supply of carbohydrates from leaves to rhizosphere, over the warm summer months. A positive correlation between CO2 flux and soil moisture over the warm period indicates an enhancing role of soil moisture on microbial mineralization and root respiration. Average CO2 flux values observed over March-November period did not differ significantly between sampling areas, showing 2.5, 3.2, and 2.9 lmol m-2 s-1 values for black locust, poplar and crops, respectively. Significantly higher CO2 flux values over the summer period in trees could be attributed to the higher photosynthetic activity and higher root density compared to crops.}, language = {en} } @misc{MirckZalesny, author = {Mirck, Jaconette and Zalesny, Ronald S.}, title = {Mini-Review of Knowldege Gaps in Salt Tolerance of Plants Applied to Willows and Poplars}, series = {International Journal of Phytoremediation}, volume = {17}, journal = {International Journal of Phytoremediation}, number = {7}, issn = {1549-7879}, doi = {10.1080/15226514.2014.950414}, pages = {640 -- 650}, abstract = {Salt tolerance of agricultural crops has been studied since the 1940, but knowledge regarding salt tolerance of woody crops is still in its initial phase. Salt tolerance of agricultural crops has been expressed as the yield decrease due to a certain salt concentration within the root zone as compared to a non-saline control. The most well-known plant response curve to salinity has been a piece-wise linear regression relating crop yield to root zone salinity. This method used the hypothesis that crops tolerate salt up to a threshold after which their yield decreases approximately linearly. Critique to this method included its lack of sensitivity to dynamic factors such as weather conditions. As a result, other classification indices have been developed, but none is as well accepted as the threshold-slope model. In addition to a mini-review of the key salt tolerance studies, our objective was to classify salt tolerance levels of poplars and willows. Initial classification showed that salt tolerance of these genera ranged from sensitive to moderately tolerant.}, language = {en} } @incollection{ElmerBahrtHuettl, author = {Elmer, Michael and Bahrt, Alexander and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Lumbricidae - Entwicklung der Diversit{\"a}t in der Niederlausitzer Bergbaufolgelandschaft unter dem Einfluss der forstlichen Rekultivierung}, series = {Entwicklung der Biodiversit{\"a}t in der Bergbaufolgelandschaft im Gef{\"u}ge von {\"O}kologie und Sozio{\"o}konomie}, booktitle = {Entwicklung der Biodiversit{\"a}t in der Bergbaufolgelandschaft im Gef{\"u}ge von {\"O}kologie und Sozio{\"o}konomie}, editor = {Br{\"o}ring, Udo and Wanner, Manfred}, publisher = {BTU Cottbus}, address = {Cottbus}, pages = {79 -- 94}, language = {de} } @misc{ZoennchenSchaafEsperschuetz, author = {Z{\"o}nnchen, Claudia and Schaaf, Wolfgang and Espersch{\"u}tz, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Effect of litter addition on element leaching in young sandy soils}, series = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, volume = {177}, journal = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, number = {4}, issn = {1522-2624}, doi = {10.1002/jpln.201300383}, pages = {585 -- 595}, abstract = {The knowledge about element leaching and biogeochemical cycles during initial stages of soil development is very limited. Therefore, we studied the effects of parent material characteristics and plant litter addition on element leaching from young sandy soils in a microcosm experiment. Our objective was to evaluate the function of young soils as a source and/or sink for nutrients during initial pedogenesis and to identify main processes which are involved in the initial development of biogeochemical cycles. The main research questions were: (1) How do differences in parent material characteristics affect nutrient leaching?; and (2) How is nutrient leaching of young soils influenced by litter addition of different plant functional groups (e.g., legume and grass species)? Combined treatments of two minimally weathered parent materials (pure sand and loamy sand) with plant litter of two plant species (Lotus corniculatus L. and Calamagrostis epigejos L.) were investigated in a soil column experiment. In addition, control columns with parent material or plant litter only were included. Carbonate weathering as a main source for calcium leaching was induced by the moderately acidic irrigation solution used in the experiment. It was 7.5 fold greater for the loamy sand parent material compared to the pure sand despite lower carbonate contents in the loamy sand. Leaching of K was very low for both parent materials but greater for the loamy sand parent material, likely due to transfer processes from fixed to exchangeable potassium forms in the clay minerals of the loamy sand. Plant litter addition generally increased leaching losses. Carbonate dissolution was intensified by both plant litter types, especially by L. corniculatus, very likely due to H+ released during nitrification of N released from plant litter and an increase in partial pressure of CO2 from microbial respiration. In contrast, K was largely retained in the soils, probably due to fixation by clay minerals and microbial immobilization. Only the pure sand treated with L. corniculatus litter leached K, resulting in 4-6 fold greater leaching losses compared to all other treatments. Nitrogen released from L. corniculatus litter was almost completely nitrified and was nearly doubled as compared to that from C. epigejos, resulting in greater N leaching. The results of our study allow identifying the general function and processes of vegetation patches in young ecosystems formed as a result of initial parent material characteristics and invading vegetation with respect to litter decomposition, soil solution composition, nutrient retention and leaching, and effects on the soil mineral phase. These patterns are not mere additive effects of parent materials plus plant litter, but reflect differences in biogeochemical process intensities and could result in an increasing heterogeneity of soil properties, nutrient availability, and element leaching fluxes with time.}, language = {en} } @misc{SlazakFreeseMatosetal., author = {Slazak, Anna and Freese, Dirk and Matos, Eduardo da Silva and Nii-Annang, Seth and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Phosphorus pools in soil after land conversion from silvopasture to arable and grassland use}, series = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, volume = {177}, journal = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, number = {2}, issn = {1522-2624}, doi = {10.1002/jpln.201200334}, pages = {159 -- 167}, abstract = {Differences in soil P among silvopasture, grassland, and arable lands have been well established. Nevertheless, most of the reports compare soil properties under long-term sites. Thus, there exists little information on the effect of the conversion of silvopasture to arable or grassland use on soil P pools. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of converting silvopasture system (SP) into arable cropping and grassland system on the distribution of P pools and potential P bioavailability. We compared the following systems: SP system, SP converted to arable cropland (SP-AL), SP converted to grassland (SP-GL), and for comparative purposes, a long-term arable cropland (AL). The P fractionation was performed by a sequential extraction scheme, using acid and alkaline extractants on samples collected from the 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers. It was assumed that the large variations in soil-P fractionations are caused by the different management practices associated with land conversion. The results of P fractionation showed a dominance of calcium-bound P, HCl-extractable Pi constituted up to 36\% of the soil total P (TP). However, the type of land use did not affect this P fraction. On the other hand, the reduction in labile-Pi and NaOH-Pi fractions observed at the SP-AL site may have led to the decline in readily available P. The soil total organic P (TPo) content was 8\% and 17\% lower at SP-AL compared to SP and SP-GL site, respectively. Labile organic-P (labile-Po) content was markedly higher at SP site compared to arable soils, and was ≈ 10\% of TPo. The NaOH-Po constituted the highest fraction of the organic-P pool (55\%-79\% of TPo) across all the study systems, and was positively correlated with TPo (p < 0.01). The study indicates that conversion of SP system in temperate regions to arable cropping with conventional tillage seems to result in the reduction of P availability compared to SP, indicating SP as an important land-use practice.}, language = {en} }